食管癌放疗后复发再程治疗的疗效观察

目的　探讨食管癌放疗后复发再程治疗的价值。方法　 5 0例食管癌放疗后复发患者接受再程治疗。随机分成手术切除组和再程放疗组 ,2 5例手术切除组左侧进胸 ,行食管—胃吻合术 ;2 5例再程放疗组 ,采用超分割治疗。 1 2Gy/f,Bid ,6MV X线 ,相隔 6小时 ,剂量 44～ 60Gy。结果　 2 5例手术切除组 1、2、3年生存率分别为 80 %、3 6%、2 8% ;再程放疗组 1、2、3年生存率分别为 44 %、2 0 %、8 7%。结论　食管癌放疗后复发治疗应首选手术治疗 ,放射治疗亦可作为一种有效治疗手段。     

局部复发直肠癌再程体外放疗的研究进展

局部复发直肠癌（locally recurrent rectal cancer,LRRC）的核心治愈方式目前仍以手术为主。既往接受过放疗的患者行再程外照射的价值存在争议。随着临床研究的深入和现代放疗技术的开展,放疗精确性提高而不良反应减少,使得再程外照射的疗效和耐受性被系列临床研究证实。同时,在不降低生活质量的情况下,LRRC患者的局部控制率和生存率均得到提高。此外,化疗等治疗方式与再放疗的联合应用使患者的预后进一步改善。但临床医师应如何为LRRC患者选择适当有效的再放疗方案仍需要进一步地探索。本文就近年来LRRC再程体外放疗的进展及待解决的问题进行综述。     

根治性放疗后食管癌复发的手术切除和再程放疗的比较

目的 :分析比较食管癌根治性放疗 (DT6 0～ 70 Gy/ 6～ 7周 )后复发的患者经手术切除和再程放疗的疗效。材料与方法 :1984年 1月～ 1990年 1月间将前瞻性随机分组的 78例患者随机分为手术切除组和再程放疗组进行对比治疗。手术切除组 39例 ,再程放疗组 39例 ,放疗剂量 DT4 0～ 6 0 Gy/ 4～ 6周。结果 :手术切除率为 89.7% ,手术切除组术后并发症为 2 5 .7% ,手术死亡率达 11.4 %。 1,3,5年生存率分别为 82 .8%、34.5 %和 2 7.6 % ;再程放疗组 1,3,5年生存率分别为 4 0 .5 %、8.1%和 2 .7% ,两组比较(P<0 .0 1)。结论 :手术切除组的疗效明显好于再程放疗组 ,手术是根治性放疗后复发患者首选的治疗手段。     

鼻咽癌复发的影响因素及再程放疗的效果——附214例分析

我院1985年1422例首程放疗的鼻咽癌患者五年内复发214例。原发灶与颈淋巴结五年复发率分别为11.18和7.17％,头三年内复发占85.05％。本文资料显示原发灶复发与首程放疗靶区遗漏有密切关系,颈淋巴结复发与首程放疗前的大小及活动度有密切关系。提示减少复发的关键在于首程放疗,要做到准确确定靶区范围和合理设计照射野。再程放疗由于仍是简单重复首程放疗方法,故疗效不佳,与未再程放疗比较,仅显示SR_1有差别(P<0.05),放疗组中,颈淋巴结复发的SR_3较原发灶、原发灶加颈淋巴结同时复发组有明显差别(P<0、01)、再程放疗的后遗症发生相当高,提示需个别化地选用最佳方案行再程放疗及需要寻找优于单纯放疗的综合治疗方案,才能提高再程放疗的效果及改善生存质量。     

复发头颈部癌再程放疗研究

近50%的头颈部癌病例在接受首程放疗后会出现放射野内复发。挽救性手术是首选的治疗手段。临床研究表明复发头颈部癌接受挽救性手术+术后再程放疗或者再程放疗 ±化疗或靶向药物治疗后能使一小部分病例获益,得到肿瘤控制和长期生存。但总体疗效不尽如人意,且伴发严重的急性和晚期,甚至致死性的治疗相关不良反应。因此要求在实施再程放疗时需要充分考虑复发肿瘤情况、首次放疗相关因素和病人自身状态。随着放疗技术和综合治疗模式的发展,包括质子和重离子以及免疫治疗的临床应用,为提高复发头颈部癌治疗疗效,降低治疗相关不良反应提供了可能性。     

食管癌再程放疗的临床观察

目的探讨食管癌放疗后局部复发再程放疗的治疗价值,并分析再程放疗及放疗联合化疗的疗效和不良反应。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对开封市中心医院2005-05-18-2010-05-21收治的41例食管癌患者,分为单纯再程放疗组20例及化疗联合再程放疗组21例,对其疗效、不良反应等进行比较。结果单纯再程放疗组有效率(RR)为45.00%(9/20),化疗联合再程放疗组为85.71%(18/21),差异有统计学意义,χ2=8.25,P=0.035。单纯再程放疗组1年生存率为45.00%(9/20),2年为25.00%(5/20),3年为10.00%(2/20);化疗联合再程放疗组1年生存率为52.38%(11/21),2年为28.57%(6/21),3年为14.29%(3/21);2组差异无统计学意义,χ2=0.05,P=0.975。单纯再程放疗组急性放射性食管炎发生率为75.00%(15/20),≥2级者为45.00%(9/20);化疗联合再程放疗组则分别为90.45%(19/21)和52.39%(11/21);2组差异无统计学意义,z=-0.877,P=0.380。单纯再程放疗组急性放射性肺炎发生率为20.00%(4/20),≥2级者为5.00%(1/20);化疗联合再程放疗组分别为23.81%(5/21)和9.52%(2/21);2组差异无统计学意义,z=-0.361,P=0.718。单纯再程放疗组骨髓抑制发生率为45.00%(9/20),≥2级者为5.00%(1/20);化疗联合再程放疗组分别为57.14%(12/21)和23.81%(5/21);2组差异无统计学意义,z=-1.228,P=0.220。结论食管癌放疗后局部复发再程放疗仍是有效治疗的手段,联合化疗是可行的,并能提高治疗效果,不良反应可耐受。     

脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者预后的影响因素分析

目的 分析脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者预后的影响因素。方法 选取86例脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者的病历资料,采用卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分评估再手术治疗前及术后6个月的生活质量。脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者预后的影响因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果 再手术后6个月,脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者的KPS评分为(77.16±6.91)分,明显高于再手术前的(58.15±8.33)分,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);且Ⅰ～Ⅱ级脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者的KPS评分为(81.51±6.31)分,高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者的(71.74±8.33)分,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。随访结束后,86例脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者中,生存56例,死亡30例,生存与死亡脑胶质瘤术后放化疗复发再手术患者年龄、合并基础疾病、饮酒情况、再手术前KPS评分、与初次手术间隔时间、病理分级、肿瘤体积比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁、合并基础疾病、再手术前KPS评分﹤70分、与初次手术间隔时间﹤1年、病理分级为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、肿瘤...     

头颈部复发癌及第二原发恶性肿瘤再程放疗的效果分析

目的 研究再程放疗在头颈部复发癌及第二原发恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床效果.方法 选取头颈部复发癌及第二原发恶性肿瘤患者60例,根据治疗方法 不同将患者分为对照组30例和观察组30例.对照组采用化疗方法 治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合再程放疗,比较2组治疗效果及不良反应发生率.结果 观察组治疗有效率为60.0%、临床获益率为70.0%,显著高于对照组的有效率33.3%、获益率43.3%(P<0.05);观察组治疗后并发症发生率为43.3%,显著低于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05).观察组SF-36量表中躯体健康、心理健康、社会得分以及疾病症状评分,显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 头颈部复发癌及第二原发恶性肿瘤患者在化疗治疗基础上联合再程放疗治疗效果理想,不良反应发生率较低,值得推广应用.     

脑胶质瘤术后放疗疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨脑胶质瘤术后放疗疗效及预后影响的相关性因素。方法将脑胶质瘤患者性别、年龄、切除程度、级别、手术放疗时间、放疗方式、肿瘤直径、术前KPS评分、术前水肿情况、放疗剂量纳入研究,计算上述指标与胶质瘤术后放疗疗效的相关性。结果患者治疗后1年、2年、3年的生存率分别为82．9％（126／152）、57．9％（88／152）、32．2％（49／152）。单因素分析结果显示,患者年龄、切除程度、级别、手术放疗时间、术前KPS评分为影响脑胶质瘤术后放疗疗效的相关因素。COX多因素分析显示,年龄、KPS评分、手术切除程度对脑胶质瘤患者预后具有影响。结论手术联合放疗对脑胶质瘤具有明显的手术疗效,年龄、KPS评分、手术切除程度对脑胶质瘤患者预后具有影响。     

鼻咽癌放疗后复发再程调强放疗的疗效分析

目的　研究鼻咽癌放疗后复发再程调强放疗的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法　回顾性分析６２例鼻咽癌放疗后复发患者,男性４６例,女性１８例,中位年龄４９岁（３７～６５岁）,中位复发时间为２５个月（１０～５７个月）。全组患者均行调强放疗,肿瘤靶体积ＧＴＶ总剂量为６０～７０Ｇｙ,每次分割剂量１.８～２.３Ｇｙ。结果　全组患者的中位随访时间为１４个月,１、３年生存率分别为６２.２％和４１.８％。至随访截止日期,死亡２８例,再复发３例,再复发同时转移２例,转移５例。单因素分析结果显示,仅化疗（Ｐ＝０.００３）与生存期相关;多因素分析提示,化疗（Ｐ＝０.０００）和ＧＴＶ体积（Ｐ＝０.０１９）是影响复发鼻咽癌的独立预后因素。毒副反应可耐受。结论　鼻咽癌放疗后复发患者再程调强放疗有效、可靠,化疗与ＧＴＶ体积是影响预后的主要因素。     

Salvage re-irradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer

PURPOSE: To present a retrospective review of treatment outcomes for recurrent head and neck (HN) cancer patients treated with re-irradiation (re-RT) at a single medical center. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From July 1996-September 2005, 105 patients with recurrent HN cancer underwent re-RT at our institution. Sites included were: the neck (n = 21), nasopharynx (n = 21), paranasal sinus (n = 18), oropharynx (n = 16), oral cavity (n = 9), larynx (n = 10), parotid (n = 6), and hypopharynx (n = 4). The median prior RT dose was 62 Gy. Seventy-five patients received chemotherapy with their re-RT (platinum-based in the majority of cases). The median re-RT dose was 59.4 Gy. In 74 (70%), re-RT utilized intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 35 months, 18 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. The 2-year loco-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival rates were 42% and 37%, respectively. Patients who underwent IMRT, compared to those who did not, had a better 2-year LRPF (52% vs. 20%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, non-nasopharynx and non-IMRT were associated with an increased risk of loco-regional (LR) failure. Patients with LR progression-free disease had better 2-year overall survival vs. those with LR failure (56% vs. 21%, p < 0.001). Acute and late Grade 3-4 toxicities were reported in 23% and 15% of patients. Severe Grade 3-4 late complications were observed in 12 patients, with a median time to development of 6 months after re-RT. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data, achieving LR control is crucial for improved overall survival in this patient population. The use of IMRT predicted better LR tumor control. Future aggressive efforts in maximizing tumor control in the recurrent setting, including dose escalation with IMRT and improved chemotherapy, are warranted.     

立体定向放射治疗复发性脑胶质瘤21例

目的 :评价立体定向放射治疗复发性脑胶质瘤的效果和放射反应。方法 :1 998年 1 2月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月治疗2 1例复发性脑胶质瘤患者 ,低分级者 1 2例 ,高分级者 9例 ,以 6 MVX、6～ 8个非共面照射野、85 %等剂量线包绕靶区、2 7～4 0Gy、3～ 5Gy/次、5～ 1 0次、7～ 1 4日。 结果 :全组患者的中位生存时间为 1 2个月 ,低分级和高分级胶质瘤分别为 1 6 5个月和 9个月 (P <0 0 2 )。直径≤ 3 5cm和 >3 5cm中位生存时间分别为 1 7个月和 9 5个月 (P <0 0 2 )。急性期放射反应均能耐受 ,未出现 3级以上的晚期放射损伤。结论 :分次立体定向放射治疗复发性脑胶质瘤是疗效较高 ,而放射反应较低的一种较好的姑息治疗方法。     

Expert consensus on re-irradiation for recurrent glioma

Purpose

To investigate radiation oncologists’ opinions on important considerations to offering re-irradiation (re-RT) as a treatment option for recurrent glioma.

Materials and methods

A survey was conducted with 13 radiation oncologists involved in the care of central nervous system tumor patients. The survey was comprised of 49 questions divided into 2 domains: a demographic section (10 questions) and a case section (5 re-RT cases with 5 to 6 questions representing one or several re-RT treatment dilemmas as may be encountered in the clinic). Respondents were asked to rate the relevance of various factors to offering re-RT, respond to the cases with a decision to offer re-RT vs. not, volume to be treated, margins to be employed, dose/fractionation suggested and any additional comments with respect to rationale in each scenario.

Results

Sixty nine percent of responders have been practicing for greater than 10 years and 61% have re-RT 20 to 100 patients to date, with 54% seeing 2–5 re-RT cases per month and retreating 1–2 patients per month. Recurrent tumor volume, time since previous radiation therapy, previously administered dose to organs at risk and patient performance status were rated by the majority of responders (85%, 92%, 77%, and 69% respectively) as extremely relevant or very relevant to offering re-RT as an option.

Conclusion

The experts’ practice of re-RT is still heterogeneous, reflecting the paucity of high-quality prospective data available for decision-making. Nevertheless, practicing radiation oncologists can support own decisions by referring to the cases found suitable for re-RT in this survey.

     

局部复发鼻咽癌再程IMRT远期疗效分析

目的 回顾分析局部复发鼻咽癌再程IMRT远期生存、晚期不良反应及预后影响因素。方法 2001—2010年共335例诊断为局部复发鼻咽癌且接受再程IMRT纳入分析,其中合并有明显放疗并发症的患者占20.6%(69例)。全组中男268例,年龄21~75岁(中位数45岁),T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄期分别为41、36、122、136例,肿瘤体积中位数37.5 cm³,肿瘤靶区处方剂量60~70 Gy (中位数68 Gy)。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Cox模型预后因素分析。结果 5年随访样本数290例。5年OS、LRFFS、DFFS分别为34.7%、64.2%、82.2%。多因素分析预后不良因素包括年龄>45岁(P=0.01)、疗前合并明显放疗并发症(P=0.00)、肿瘤分期(T₂~T₄)(P=0.00)、肿瘤体积>38.0 cm³(P=0.00)以及GTV_nx的D_mean>68.0 Gy (P=0.01)。鼻咽黏膜坏死、鼻咽出血、放射性脑病、颅神经损伤及张口困难发生率分别为28.6%、16.4%、22.4%、15.8%及13.7%。结论 局部复发鼻咽癌再程IMRT能获得较好肿瘤控制,可作为有效补救治疗手段,但其严重不良反应发生率仍较高,如何更好平衡肿瘤控制和正常组织保护仍需进一步探讨。     

A nomogram to predict loco-regional control after re-irradiation for head and neck cancer

Background and purpose

Loco-regionally recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) in the setting of prior radiotherapy carries significant morbidity and mortality. The role of re-irradiation (re-RT) remains unclear due to toxicity. We determined prognostic factors for loco-regional control (LRC) and formulated a nomogram to help clinicians select re-RT candidates.

Material and methods

From July 1996 to April 2011, 257 patients with recurrent HNC underwent fractionated re-RT. Median prior dose was 65 Gy and median time between RT was 32.4 months. One hundred fifteen patients (44%) had salvage surgery and 172 (67%) received concurrent chemotherapy. Median re-RT dose was 59.4 Gy and 201 (78%) patients received IMRT. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards were used to identify independent predictors of LRC and a nomogram for 2-year LRC was constructed.

Results

Median follow-up was 32.6 months. Two-year LRC and overall survival (OS) were 47% and 43%, respectively. Recurrent stage (P = 0.005), non-oral cavity subsite (P < 0.001), absent organ dysfunction (P < 0.001), salvage surgery (P < 0.001), and dose >50 Gy (P = 0.006) were independently associated with improved LRC. We generated a nomogram with concordance index of 0.68.

Conclusion

Re-RT can be curative, and our nomogram can help determine a priori which patients may benefit.     

鼻咽癌原发灶复发再程放疗120例多因素分析

目的:分析鼻咽癌原发灶复发再放疗的疗效及影响疗效的因素。方法:所有患者接受常规外照射放疗,放疗剂量52Gy-72Gy/26次-36次/5w-7w,其中42例患者补充腔内放疗5Gy-10Gy/1次-2次。结果:总的5年生存率、局控率及远处转移率分别为:42.5%,49.2%,20.8%,照射剂量、T分期及复发间隔时间是影响生存率的重要因素。结论:复发性鼻咽癌放疗仍是首选的治疗方法,尤其是复发间隔时间大于2年的患者,再程放疗的总剂量不低于60Gy。     

Survival benefit for patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) undergoing re-irradiation at first progression: A matched-cohort analysis on behalf of the SIOP-E-HGG/DIPG working group

BackgroundOverall survival (OS) of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is poor. The purpose of this study is to analyse benefit and toxicity of re-irradiation at first progression.MethodsAt first progression, 31 children with DIPG, aged 2–16 years, underwent re-irradiation (dose 19.8–30.0 Gy) alone (n = 16) or combined with systemic therapy (n = 15). At initial presentation, all patients had typical symptoms and characteristic MRI features of DIPG, or biopsy-proven high-grade glioma. An interval of ≥3 months after upfront radiotherapy was required before re-irradiation. Thirty-nine patients fulfilling the same criteria receiving radiotherapy at diagnosis, followed by best supportive care (n = 20) or systemic therapy (n = 19) at progression but no re-irradiation, were eligible for a matched-cohort analysis.ResultsMedian OS for patients undergoing re-irradiation was 13.7 months. For a similar median progression-free survival after upfront radiotherapy (8.2 versus 7.7 months; P = .58), a significant benefit in median OS (13.7 versus 10.3 months; P = .04) was observed in favour of patients undergoing re-irradiation. Survival benefit of re-irradiation increased with a longer interval between end-of-radiotherapy and first progression (3–6 months: 4.0 versus 2.7; P < .01; 6–12 months: 6.4 versus 3.3; P = .04). Clinical improvement with re-irradiation was observed in 24/31 (77%) patients. No grade 4–5 toxicity was recorded. On multivariable analysis, interval to progression (corrected hazard ratio = .27–.54; P < .01) and re-irradiation (corrected hazard ratio = .18–.22; P < .01) remained prognostic for survival. A risk score (RS), comprising 5 categories, was developed to predict survival from first progression (ROC: .79). Median survival ranges from 1.0 month (RS-1) to 6.7 months (RS-5).ConclusionsThe majority of patients with DIPG, responding to upfront radiotherapy, do benefit of re-irradiation with acceptable tolerability.     

High-dose salvage re-irradiation in recurrent/progressive adult diffuse gliomas: development of a novel prognostic scoring system

PurposeOver the past two decades, high-dose salvage re-irradiation (re-RT) has been used increasingly in the multimodality management of adults with recurrent/progressive diffuse glioma. Several factors that determine outcomes following re-RT have been incorporated into prognostic models to guide patient selection. We aimed to develop a novel four-tiered prognostic model incorporating relevant molecular markers from our single-institutional cohort of patients treated with high-dose salvage re-RT for recurrent/progressive diffuse glioma.Material and methodsVarious patient, disease, and treatment-related factors impacting upon survival following salvage re-RT were identified through univariate analysis. Each of these prognostic factors was further subdivided and assigned scores of 0 (low-risk), 1 (intermediate-risk), or 2 (high-risk). Scores from individual prognostic factors were added to derive the cumulative score (ranging from 0 to 16), with increasing scores indicating worsening prognosis.ResultsA total of 111 adults with recurrent/progressive diffuse glioma treated with salvage high-dose re-RT were included. We could assign patients into four prognostic subgroups (A = 15 patients, score 0–3); (B = 50 patients, score 4–7); (C = 33 patients, score 8–10); and (D = 13 patients, score 11–16) with completely non-overlapping survival curves suggesting the good discriminatory ability. Post-re-RT survival was significantly higher in Group A compared to groups B, C, and D, respectively (stratified log-rank p-value <0.0001).ConclusionThere exists a lack of universally acceptable ‘standard-of-care’ salvage therapy for recurrent/progressive diffuse glioma. A novel four-tiered prognostic scoring system incorporating traditional factors as well as relevant molecular markers is proposed for selecting patients appropriately for high-dose salvage re-RT that warrants validation in a non-overlapping cohort.     

Re-irradiation and hyperthermia after surgery for recurrent breast cancer

Purpose

Evaluation of efficacy and side effects of combined re-irradiation and hyperthermia electively or for subclinical disease in the management of locoregional recurrent breast cancer.

Methods and materials

Records of 198 patients with recurrent breast cancer treated with re-irradiation and hyperthermia from 1993 to 2010 were reviewed. Prior treatments included surgery (100%), radiotherapy (100%), chemotherapy (42%), and hormonal therapy (57%). Ninety-one patients were treated for microscopic residual disease following resection or systemic therapy and 107 patients were treated electively for areas at high risk for local recurrences. All patients were re-irradiated to 28–36 Gy (median 32) and treated with 3–8 hyperthermia treatments (mean 4.36). Forty percent of the patients received concurrent hormonal therapy. Patient and tumor characteristics predictive for actuarial local control (LC) and toxicity were studied in univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

The median follow-up was 42 months. Three and 5 year LC-rates were 83% and 78%. Mean of T90 (tenth percentile of temperature distribution), maximum and average temperatures were 39.8 °C, 43.6 °C, and 41.2 °C, respectively. Mean of the cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM43) at T90 was 4.58 min. Number of previous chemotherapy and surgical procedures were most predictive for LC. Cumulative incidence of grade 3 and 4 late toxicity at 5 years was 11.9%. The number of thermometry sensors and depth of treatment volume were associated with acute hyperthermia toxicity.

Conclusions

The combination of re-irradiation and hyperthermia results in a high LC-rate with acceptable toxicity.