老年患者胃癌根治术后急性肾损伤的危险因素

目的 分析老年患者胃癌根治术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集接受胃癌根治手术老年患者691例的临床资料,男563例,女128例,年龄≥65岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。临床资料包括性别、年龄、体重、BMI、ASA分级、吸烟及饮酒史、术前合并症、手术时间、术中用药情况、术中液体出入量、术中尿量、术后住院时间、总住院时间等。根据患者术后是否发生AKI分为两组：AKI组和非AKI组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析发生术后AKI的危险因素。结果 有16例(2.3%)患者发生术后AKI。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并冠心病(OR=5.587,95%CI 1.355～23.029,P=0.017)和术中尿量减少(OR=0.997,95%CI 0.995～1.000,P=0.023)是老年患者胃癌根治术后AKI的独立危险因素。结论 术前合并冠心病及术中尿量减少是老年胃癌根治术患者术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。     

对比不同分型的急性主动脉夹层围手术期导致急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的 对比急性Stanford A型和Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者围手术期发生急性肾损伤的相关危险因素及临床特点。方法 收集2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日在新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院并确诊为急性主动脉夹层的患者资料,按照CTA影像学结果分为TAAAD患者和TBAAD患者,根据KDIGO标准又分别分为AKI组及非AKI组。比较两组间术前、术中、术后资料差异,用二元Logistic回归筛出AKI的独立危险因素,绘制ROC曲线,评估各危险因素对发生AKI的预测价值,描述AAD-AKI的患者出院时肾功能情况,给予AAD-AKI临床指导。结果 共收集464例急性主动脉夹层患者的资料,其中TAAAD患者176例,TBAAD患者288例。TAAAD患者AKI发生率为83.5%(147/176),TBAAD患者AKI发生率为41%(118/288)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：体外循环时间、术后首次肌酐、机械通气时间、围手术期使用升压药是TAAAD患者发生AKI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,TAAAD-AKI与术后首次肌酐(AUC:0.857,P=...     

成人体外循环心脏手术后急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨成人体外循环心脏手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病情况及危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年7月行体外循环心脏手术的成人患者6665例.根据术后是否发生AKI分为两组,AKI组1779例,非AKI组4886例.收集患者临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析AKI发生的危险因素.结果 AKI组中102例(1.53％)进行了肾脏替代治疗(RRT),院内死亡44例;非AKI组死亡14例,AKI组住院病死率显著高于非AKI组患者(2.47％对0.29％,P＜0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、年龄(每增加10岁)、高血压史、糖尿病史、术前基础血肌酐值≥115μmol/L、术前血尿酸值≥420 μmol/L、术前左心室射血分数＜0.40、术前贫血、手术类型(主动脉瘤手术)、体外循环≥120 min、深低温停循环的应用、术后低血压、术后24 h内输血量≥1000 ml、术后机械通气≥72 h是体外循环心脏术后发生AKI的独立危险因素.结论 AKI是成人体外循环心脏手术后的常见并发症,与术后病死率的增加有关.AKI的发生与多种围手术期危险因素有关,应充分重视这些危险因素的评估和预防.     

高血压脑出血术后急性肾损伤相关危险因素分析

目的通过病例对照研究,分析发生高血压脑出血术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的相关危险因素。方法选择2014年11月1日至2017年2月28日高血压脑出血接受外科手术治疗的患者211例,男139例,女72例,年龄28～86岁,根据术后是否发生AKI分为两组:AKI组和非AKI组。统计术后AKI发生率、术后30d全因死亡率及GOS评分、ICU停留时间、住院时间和住院费用。采用Logistic回归分析术后发生AKI的相关危险因素。结果术后发生AKI 38例,AKI发生率为18%;与非AKI组比较,AKI组术后7d全因死亡率明显升高(P0.01)、术后30d全因死亡率明显升高(P0.01),术后30dGOS评分明显降低(P0.01),术后ICU留观时间明显延长(P0.01);两组住院时间、住院费用差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术中输血(OR=13.98,95%CI 4.23～46.17,P0.01)和术中使用甘露醇(OR=3.55,95%CI 1.60～7.89,P0.01)是高血压脑出血术后AKI的独立危险因素。结论高血压脑出血术后AKI的发生率为18%,术中输血和使用甘露醇可能是高血压脑出血术后发生AKI的独立危险因素,并且术后AKI患者术后7d及30d全因死亡率明显升高。     

急性肾损伤定义及分期系统评估心脏手术患者预后的临床价值

目的了解心脏手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病及预后情况,探讨急性肾损伤网络(AKIN)会议推荐的AKI分期预测患者院内死亡的应用价值。方法将2004年1月至2007年6月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的所有成年心脏手术患者1 056例纳入研究,采用AKIN推荐的AKI定义及分期标准评估心脏手术后AKI的发病率及住院病死率,并采用单因素和logistic多因素回归分析法对术前、术中、术后与AKI发生可能相关的危险因素进行分析。结果在1 056例行心脏手术的患者中,328例发生AKI,发生率为31.06%;AKI患者的住院病死率显著高于非AKI患者(11.59%vs.0.69%,P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示:年龄每增加10岁(OR=1.40)、术前高尿酸血症(OR=1.97)、术前左心功能不全(OR=2.53)、冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)加心瓣膜手术(OR=2.79)、手术时间每增加1 h(OR=1.43)和术后循环血容量不足(OR=11.08)是心脏手术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。AKIN分期预测患者院内死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.865,95%可信区间为0.801-0.929。结论随着AKIN分期的上升,心脏手术患者住院病死率逐步升高。年龄高、术前高尿酸血症、术前左心功能不全、CABG加心瓣膜手术、手术时间延长和术后循环血容量不足是心脏手术后并发AKI的独立危险因素。AKIN分期可以有效预测心脏手术患者发生院内死亡的风险,为及早对高危人群采取有效的预防干预措施提供依据。     

老年心脏手术后急性肾损伤可纠正的危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年心脏手术患者术后急性肾损伤(AKI)可纠正的危险因素,降低其发生率,改善预后.方法 收集广东省人民医院2007年1月至2009年12月年龄≥60岁心脏手术患者的临床资料.以RIFLE标准诊断的AKI为观察终点,术前最后一次血肌酐为基线值.Logistic回归分析确定心脏术后AKI的独立危险因素.结果 457例患者入组,313例(68.5％)术后发生AKI.Logistic回归分析显示,男性、年龄＞ 65岁、高血压、术前估算肾小球滤过率＜60 ml/min、术前尿酸＞450 μmol/L(OR 2.938,95％可信区间1.633 ～5.285)、体外循环＞120 min、机械通气时间延长、术后用血管紧张素抑制酶/血管紧张素受体抑制剂和利尿剂是心脏术后AKI的独立影响因素.结论 术前尿酸＞450 μmol/L是老年心脏手术患者术后AKI可纠正的危险因素.     

深低温停循环手术后急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的探究深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA)术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的发病情况,探讨术后发生AKI的相关危险因素及患者预后情况,建立相对准确的术前风险评估策略及防治措施。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年10月在我院心脏外科行DHCA手术252例患者的临床资料,其中男179例、女73例,平均年龄(53.6±11.6)岁。采用改善全球肾脏疾病预后组织(kidney disease improving global outcomes,KDIGO)的AKI诊断标准,将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组,比较两组资料,并采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析DHCA术后AKI发生的相关危险因素。结果入选的252例患者中,AKI的发病率为69.0%;术后住院死亡率为7.9%(20/252)。单因素分析结果显示:患者年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)≥28 kg/m~2、左室射血分数55%、术前血清肌酐值(serum creatinine,Scr)≥110μmol/L、术前估计肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、Cleveland评分分值及术中体外循环时间、术中输注红细胞、术中输注血浆、术后机械通气时间≥40 h等指标在两组患者中的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:患者年龄[OR=1.040,95%CI(1.017,1.064),P=0.001]、BMI≥28 kg/m~2[OR=2.335,95%CI(1.093,4.990),P=0.029]、eGFR90 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)[OR=2.044,95%CI(1.082,3.863),P=0.028]、术前Cleveland评分[OR=1.300,95%CI(1.054,1.604),P=0.014]、术中体外循环时间[OR=1.009,95%CI(1.002,1.017),P=0.014]在两组间的差异有统计学意义。结论 DHCA术后AKI的发生率较高,术后发生AKI的患者住院时间较长、住院死亡风险明显增高;患者年龄、BMI≥28 kg/m~2、eGFR90 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)、术前Cleveland评分、术中体外循环时间为DHCA术后并发AKI的独立危险因素     

DCD供肝肝移植术后早期急性肾损伤相关危险因素分析

目的分析心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肝肝移植术后早期急性肾损伤(AKI)的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析184例DCD供肝肝移植供、受体资料。根据术后早期是否发生AKI分为AKI组和非AKI组,并且对AKI组行AKI分期。比较两组一般资料和术前、术中、术后相关指标的差异。用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析非AKI组和AKI组不同分期累积存活率等预后情况。结果本研究纳入病例184例,术后早期发生AKI 68例(37.0%),其中AKI 1期31例,AKI 2期26例,AKI 3期11例,且发生多在术后3 d内。单因素分析结果显示术前白蛋白35 g/L、术前血清钠≤137 mmol/L、手术时间7.5 h、术中出血量3 000 m L、术中红细胞输注量15 U、术中尿量≤100 m L/h这6项指标为肝移植术后早期发生AKI的危险因素(均为P0.05)。Logistic多变量回归分析结果表明术中红细胞输注量15 U是肝移植术后早期发生AKI的独立危险因素[比值比(OR)1.061,95%可信区间(CI)1.008~1.118,P=0.024]。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果表明随着AKI程度不断加重,其累积存活率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论肝移植患者术后早期AKI的发生率较高,且严重程度与受体的短期和长期预后密切相关,术中大量输注红细胞是AKI发生的独立危险因素。     

高龄胃癌患者开腹与机器人胃癌根治术近期疗效比较分析

目的比较机器人及开腹胃癌根治术在高龄胃癌患者中的近期疗效,探究影响高龄胃癌术后并发症的独立危险因素。 方法通过回顾性分析,收集2017年5月至2021年5月期间,于解放军总医院第一医学中心普通外科医学部,161例行开腹或机器人胃癌根治术、年龄≥70岁高龄患者的临床病例资料。两组基线资料及肿瘤病理学特征的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。比较两组围手术期指标,以评估近期疗效。二元Logistic回归探究影响术后并发症的独立危险因素。 结果机器人组相比开腹组,手术时间显著延长[(242.92±55.12)min比(170.37±43.15)min, P<0.001]。尽管机器人组与开腹组术中估计出血量相当[100 ml (100~200) ml比100 ml (100~200)ml, P＝0.102],但机器人组术中出血量(≥400 ml)的比例较开腹组显著降低(4.8%比15.4%),差异有统计学意义(P＝0.025)。机器人组与开腹组在淋巴结清扫数目[(24.51±9.51)枚比(24.28±9.36)枚,P＝0.881)]、术后住院时间[10.0 d (9.0~12.0)d比9.1 d(8.6~11.0)d,P＝0.094]、术后总体并发症发生率(25.3%比26.9%, P＝0.815)、严重并发症发生率(8.4%比3.8%, P＝0.228)、吻合口漏发生率(2.4%比5.1%, P＝0.363)、围手术期病死率(2.4%比1.3%, P＝0.597)的差异无统计学意义。单因素及多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁是影响高龄胃癌患者术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。 结论在高龄胃癌患者中,行机器人胃癌根治术的近期疗效与开腹手术相当,操作安全、可行。年龄≥80岁是高龄胃癌术后并发症发生的独立危险因素,对此类患者应注重围手术期评估及术后护理,降低并发症发生率。     

扩大胰十二指肠切除术后并发症及其危险因素分析

目的探讨扩大胰十二指肠切除术(PD)对术后并发症的影响。方法回顾性分析2004年11月至2014年11月接受PD术的患者临床资料,根据手术方式不同将患者分成常规组和扩大组,对比两组间术后并发症发生情况,并分析并发症发生相关的危险因素。结果 358例手术患者分为常规组(321例)和扩大组(37例);术后总并发症发生率41.1%(147/358),术后死亡率5.0%(15/358)。扩大组较常规组的腹腔内并发症率(P=0.02)和胃排空功能障碍发生率(P=0.01)差异具有统计学意义。多变量Logistic回归分析显示腹腔内并发症的独立危险因素包括年龄≥65岁(P<0.01)、手术时间≥360 min(P=0.03)、胰管直径<3 mm(P<0.01)、胰腺质软(P<0.01)、扩大PD术(P=0.02)和套入式吻合(P=0.01);胃排空障碍的独立危险因素包括扩大切除(P=0.03)、手术时间≥360 min(P<0.01)、胰腺质软(P=0.02)和胰管直径<3 mm(P<0.01)。结论扩大PD术是术后腹腔内并发症的独立危险因素,但并未增加术后的死亡率。     

Clinical analysis of 1 371 patients with acute kidney injury after acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 1 371 adult patients diagnosed AMI in the First People's Hospital of Changzhou from January 2008 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. AKI was defined according to the 2012 KDIGO AKI criteria. Based on the occurrence of AKI, the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group. According to the AKI timing, the patients were divided into subgroups including conservative treatment groups, coronary angiography(CAG) groups and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) groups, respectively. Related risk factors of AKI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Of the 1 371 patients,410(29.9%) developed AKI. Compared to the non-AKI group, in-hospital mortality increased significantly in the AKI group (17.1% vs 3.9%, χ2=68.0, P＜0.001). Multifactor retrospective analysis showed that decreased baseline eGFR (OR=2.049, 95%CI: 1.246-3.370), increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG) (OR=1.070, 95%CI: 1.018-1.124), diuretics (OR=1.867, 95%CI: 1.220-2.856) and Killip class 4 status (OR=1.362, 95%CI: 1.059-3.170) were all independent risk factors of AKI, while increased DBP on admission was a protective factor (OR=0.986, 95%CI: 0.974-0.998) for the conservative management group. Decreased baseline eGFR (OR=2.371, 95%CI: 1.500-3.747), increased FPG(OR=1.009, 95%CI: 1.005-1.012), diuretics (OR=1.674, 95%CI: 1.042-2.690), intraoperative hypotension (OR=2.276, 95%CI: 1.324-3.575) and acute infection (OR=1.678, 95%CI: 1.023-2.754) were independent risk factors of AKI for the CAG group. Decreased baseline eGFR (OR=2.246, 95%CI:1.340-3.981), increased FPG (OR=1.059, 95%CI: 1.018-1.124), diuretics (OR=1.723, 95%CI: 1.122-2.650), and low cardiac output syndrome after operation (OR=2.331, 95%CI: 1.277-3.286) were independent risk factors of AKI for CABG group. Conclusions AKI is a common complication and associated with increased mortality after AMI. Decreased baseline renal function, increased FPG and diuretics were common independent risk factors of AKI after AMI.     

Preoperative evaluation of acute renal injury after hepatectomy

Objective To explore the risk factors of post-hepatectomy acute kidney injury(AKI), a Nomogram predictive model of secondary AKI after hepatectomy was established which can provide guidance for the selection of clinically relevant treatment plans and improve the prognosis of surgical patients. Methods A total of 2769 patients who underwent hepatectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2012 to July 2018 were included in the study. The post-hepatectomy AKI was diagnosed according to the KDIGO AKI criteria in 2012. The selected patients were divided into AKI group (n=133) and non-AKI group (n=2636); they were divided into training group (n=2050) and test group (n=719) according to Enrollment time. The differences of preoperative clinical data, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality between patients with AKI and non-AKI group were compared. The risk factors of post-hepatectomy AKI were evaluated by the Cox regression. A Nomogram predictive model of AKI after hepatectomy was established, and receiver operating curve (ROC) and consistency curve were used to verify the accuracy of the predictive model. Results The incidence of AKI after hepatectomy was 4.80%(133/2769). Compared with non-AKI group, preoperative serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were lower in AKI group; the level of blood transaminase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase, and fibrinogen were higher (P＜0.050); the proportion of preoperative aspirin application was higher (P＜0.001); the duration of operation was longer (P=0.002); the proportion of open surgery was higher (P＜0.001); the mortality rate was higher (P＜0.050); the length of hospital stay was longer (P＜0.050). Cox regression results showed hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalbuminemia, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, open surgery, lower preoperative glomerular filtration rate, aspirin and duration of surgery were independent risk factors for AKI. We incorporated these indicators into the Nomogram to establish a predictive model for AKI after hepatectomy, the area under ROC curve was 0.764. The area under ROC curve of the test group was 0.781. Conclusion The Nomogram predicting model of AKI after hepatectomy has high accuracy, which is helpful for prognosis of patients who underwent hepatectomy.     

Correlation analysis between homocysteine level and acute kidney injury after cardiac valve replacement surgery

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative serum homocysteine (Hcy) level and acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Methods The data of the inpatients who accepted cardiac valve replacement surgery, age ≥18 years, no renal replacement therapy before surgery, non-renal decompensation and preoperative serum creatinine (Scr)＜178 μmol/L, survival within 48 h after surgery, and with preoperative serum Hcy data in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. AKI was diagnosed in patients whose Scr increased more than 26.5 μmol/L (0.3 mg/dl) within 48 hours or 1.5 times higher than baseline within 7 days after surgery. According to this, patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group, and the affecting factors for AKI were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of AKI. The relationship between serum Hcy level and AKI incidence was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Whether the AKI occurred and serum Hcy levels were used as variables to map the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and was used to assess the value of preoperative serum Hcy level for predicting AKI after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Results A total of 810 subjects were included in the study, including 375 males and 435 females. They were (50±11) years old (19-78 years old). Among them, 329 patients with AKI occurred within 7 days after heart valve replacement, and the incidence rate was 40.6% (male 45.9%, female 36.1%). The serum Hcy level in the AKI group was higher than that in the non-AKI group [(15.74±4.55) μmol/L vs (13.87±3.85) μmol/L, t=6.106, P＜0.01]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age (OR=1.030, 95%CI 1.014-1.045, P＜0.001), extracorporeal circulation time (OR=1.011, 95%CI 1.007-1.016, P＜0.001), Scr (OR=1.014, 95%CI 1.005-1.023, P=0.002), serum Hcy (OR=1.059, 95% CI 1.017-1.103, P=0.006), high level of Hcy (＞13.64 μmol/L) (OR=1.465, 95%CI 1.059-2.027, P=0.021) and moderate to severe hyperhomocystinemia (16≤Hcy≤100 μmol/L) [with normal HHcy (Hcy＜10 μmol/L) as reference, OR=2.180, 95%CI 1.245-3.816, P=0.006] were independent influencing factors of AKI after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative AKI increased with the increase of preoperative serum Hcy level (rs=0.927, P＜0.001). The results of ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the preoperative serum Hcy level predicting AKI after heart valve replacement was 0.701, and the cutoff value was 13.64 μmol/L, with the sensitivity 61.3%, specificity 70.9%. Conclusions Preoperative serum Hcy level is an influencing factor for AKI after cardiac valve replacement surgery. The higher the level of preoperative serum Hcy, the higher the incidence of AKI after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Patients with preoperative serum Hcy levels＞13.64 μmol/L have an increased risk of AKI after cardiac valve replacement surgery.     

Postoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods The clinical data of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB were retrospectively analyzed. The difference between preoperative and postoperative serum albumin level was compared. The patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (≤35 g/L) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (＞35 g/L) according to the lowest serum albumin concentration within 48 hours after surgery. The incidence and severity of postoperative AKI were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on the incidence of postoperative AKI. Results Among the 749 patients, the serum albumin level after cardiac surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery (Z=-15.739, P＜0.001), and the proportion of patients with hypoalbuminemia increased from 9.6% to 27.6%( χ2=83.516, P＜0.001). Postoperative AKI occurred in 273 patients, including 109 cases (52.7%) in hypoalbuminemia group and 164 cases (30.3%) in non-hypoalbuminemia group. The incidence of AKI in hypoalbuminemia group was significantly higher than that in non-hypoalbuminemia group ( χ2=32.443, P＜0.001), and the severity of AKI in hypoalbuminemia group increased than that in non-hypoalbuminemia group (Z=-2.098, P=0.036), and the time of hospital stay extended (Z=-2.442, P=0.015). After adjusted by gender, age, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, comorbidities (hypertension, hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease), renal insufficiency, preoperative heart function, coronary angiography, CPB time, aorta blocking time, type of heart surgery and postoperative hypotension, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative hypoalbuminemia was an independent risk factor for CPB-associated AKI (OR=2.319, 95%CI 1.586-3.392, P＜0.001). Conclusions AKI is a common complication following cardiac surgery under CPB. Serum albumin after CBP is significantly lower than that before CBP, and postoperative hypoalbuminemia within 48 hours after surgery is an independent risk factor for AKI.     

尿热休克蛋白-70在体外循环术后急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值

目的评估尿热休克蛋白(HSP)-70在心脏体外循环心肺转流术(CPB)后急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断中的价值。方法选取2018年5月至2018年7月在河南省人民医院接受CPB治疗的患者为研究对象。收集入选者术前及术后0、2、4、6、8、12、24、48 h尿液标本和临床资料。按照肾脏病改善全球预后组织(KDIGO)AKI诊断标准分为AKI组和非AKI组。酶联免疫吸附法测定尿HSP-70、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2(TIMP-2)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)水平;免疫比浊法测定尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算尿HSP-70、[TIMP-2]×[IGFBP7]、NGAL诊断CPB术后发生AKI的临界值、敏感度及特异度。结果共纳入45例患者,其中AKI组24例,非AKI组21例。AKI组术后各时间点尿HSP-70、[TIMP-2]×[IGFBP7]和NGAL水平显著高于非AKI组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。AKI组尿HSP-70在CPB术后2 h达到峰值,明显早于尿[TIMP-2]×[IGFBP7]、尿NGAL达峰值时间(分别为术后12 h和术后4 h)。术后2 h尿HSP-70≥2.1μg/L预测CPB术后AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)=1.00,灵敏度为100.0%,特异度100.0%;术后12 h尿[TIMP-2]×[IGFBP7]>19.1μg2/L2预测CPB术后AKI的AUC=0.94,灵敏度87.5%,特异度100.0%;术后4 h尿NGAL>27.4μg/L预测CPB术后AKI的AUC=0.95,灵敏度95.8%,特异度85.7%。术后2 h尿HSP-70≥2.1μg/L预测CPB术后AKI的阳性预测值为100.0%,阴性预测值100.0%。结论CPB术后AKI患者尿HSP-70水平升高早于尿[TIMP-2]×[IGFBP7]、NGAL,尿HSP-70水平监测有助于AKI的早期发现。     

Acute kidney injury in donors of donation after brain plus cardiac death does not affect recipients' short-term prognosis in transplantation

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of renal transplantation from donors of donation after brain and cardiac death(DBCD) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI), and summarize the clinical experience of evaluation and application. Methods The clinical data of the 45 DBCD donors and 80 recipients in the First People's Hospital of Foshan from September 2011 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. DBCD donors were classified into the AKI group (n=26)and non-AKI group (n=19) according to the serum creatinine level and urine output when the donors were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in this hospital. A total of 80 recipients were divided into the AKI group (n=46) and non-AKI group (n=34) correspondingly. The condition of the donors before organ procurement between the two groups was compared, and the incidence of various complications, the 1 years survival rates of recipients and graft after renal transplantation were compared between the two groups. Results Among 45 donors, 26 cases(57.8%) suffered from AKI. The serum creatinine of donors was significantly higher in the AKI group than that in the non-AKI group (P＜0.01). The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) in AKI group and non-AKI group was 21.7% and 8.8% respectively (P＞0.05). After 1 years, the serum creatinine of the recipients in AKI group was significantly higher than that in non-AKI group [(134.9±63.4) μmol/L vs (106.6±28.2) μmol/L, P＜0.05], but the survival rates of recipients and grafts did no differ between the two groups (both P＞0.05). Conclusions The donors combined with AKI do not have a worse effect on the incidence of DGF, the 1-year survival rates of recipients and grafts after transplantation. So, the donors with AKI for transplantation can widen the origin of kidney grafts.     

Independent association of preoperative hyperuricemia with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective To investigate the impact of preoperative hyperuricemia on acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods A total of 567 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled to conduct a retrospective cohort database analysis. The patients were divided into hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group according to preoperative serum uric acid, and the incidence of AKI in two groups were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between preoperative hyperuricemia and AKI. Results Among 567 patients after cardiac surgery with CPB, hyperuricemia occurred in 303 cases (53.4%), and AKI occurred in 217 cases (38.3%). There was significant difference in the incidence of AKI between hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group (44.6% vs 31.1%, χ2=10.874, P=0.001). The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and the length of stay were longer in hyperuricemia group than those in non-hyperuricemia group (both P＜0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease), preoperative renal function, preoperative heart function, CPB time, intraoperative aortic block time, type of cardiac surgery and postoperative hypotension, binary logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor of AKI after cardiac surgery with CPB (OR=1.912, 95%CI 1.270-2.879, P=0.002). Conclusion AKI is a common complication following cardiac surgery with CPB, and hyperuricemia is independently associated with CPB-associated AKI. Hyperuricemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI, and intervention before cardiac surgery may be beneficial to prevent postoperative AKI.     

心脏瓣膜手术后并发透析依赖的急性肾功能衰竭的危险因素

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜手术后并发透析依赖的急性肾功能衰竭(acute renal failure requiringdialysis,ARF-D)的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月心脏瓣膜手术、年龄≥18岁、术前血肌酐＜300 μmol/L的病例资料.术后30天内并发ARF-D者为病例组,共55例.随机抽取同期未并发ARF-D的220例作为对照组.采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归探讨并发ARF-D的危险因素.结果 心脏瓣膜术后ARF-D发生率为1.78%,早期病死率65.5%.Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄、二次手术、术前血肌酐、心功能(NYHA)Ⅳ级、术后低心排血量综合征为心脏瓣膜术后并发ARF-D的独立危险因素.病例组与对照组相比,监护室停留时间、术后住院时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 年龄、二次手术、术前血肌酐、心功能Ⅳ级、术后低心排血量综合征为心脏瓣膜术后并发ARF-D的独立危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for the postoperative acute renal failure requiring dialysis (ARF-D)after heart valve surgery. Methods Adult patients (age≤18 years) underwent valve surgery with preoperative serum creatinine ＜300 μmol/L were included between January 2005 and December 2008. Fifty patients developed ARF-D within 30 days postoperatively (ARF-D group). While random 220 patients had the same operation without ARF-D served as the control group. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify risk factors of ARF-D after valve surgery.Results The incidence of ARF-D was 1.78%, and the early mortality rate was 65.5%. Multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors of ARF-D: age, previous cardiac surgery, preoperative serum creatinine, NYHA class Ⅳ,and low cardiac output syndrome. ARF-D group had a longer hospital stay and ICU stay than that of the control group ( P ＜0.001 ). Conclusion Conclusion ARF-D had a higher mortality rate and longer hospital stay following heart valve surgery.Age, previous cardiac surgery, preoperative serum creatinine, NYHA class Ⅳ, and low cardiac output syndrome were the independent risk factors of ARF-D after heart valve surgery.     

Prediction of acute kidney injury complicated by sepsis with sTREM - 1 and NGAL as early marker

Objective To determine whether triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM - 1) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin (NGAL) were early biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis. Methods A total of 141 eligible patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points as soon as sepsis was diagnosed. The concentrations of serum creatinine (Scr), urine sTREM-1 and NGAL were measured. According to AKI criteria, patients were divided into the AKI group and non - AKI group. Dynamic changes of levels of Scr, urine sTREM-1 and NGAL were observed in two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of urine sTREM-1 and NGAL. Results Among 141 septic patients, 44 (31.2%) cases had concomitant AKI. Twenty four hours after sepsis diagnosed, the level of Scr rose to 1.91 times of the baseline [(140.5±13.6) vs (82.6±15.3) μmol/L, P＜0.05], which met the diagnostic criteria of AKI. In the AKI group, urinary concentrations of sTREM-1 and NGAL at 8 h after the diagnosis of sepsis began to rise significantly from baseline [(100.5±17.4) vs (38.9±14.7) ng/L; (144.6±51.9) vs (56.2±43.8) μg/L, both P＜0.05].And at the following time points, urinary concentrations of sTREM - 1 and NGAL were significantly higher than the baseline levels and that of the non-AKI group (all P＜0.05). At 8 h time point, the area under the curve of urine sTREM-1 was 0.877 (95%CI 0.756-0.914), the sensitivity was 89.1% and specificity was 82.0% with a cutoff value of 70 ng/L. At 8 h time point, the area under the curve of urine NGAL was 0.862 (95% CI 0.703-0.958),the sensitivity was 87.4% and specificity was 85.5% with a cutoff value of 90 μg/L. Conclusions Urinary concentrations of sTREM-1 and NGAL at 8 h time point after the diagnosis of sepsis have predictive value for AKI and their diagnostic time is much earlier than that of Scr. Therefore, urinary sTREM-1 and NGAL can be used as early biomarkers of septic AKI.     

Validation of 5 prediction models for acute kidney injury and its outcome after cardiac surgery procedures in Chinese patients

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical usefulness and value of the 5 models for the prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI), severe AKI which renal replacement treatment was needed (RRT-AKI) and death after cardiac surgery procedures in Chinese patients. Methods One thousand and sixty - seven patients who underwent cardiac surgery procedures in the department of cardiac surgery in the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between May 2010 and January 2011 were involved in this research. The predicting value for AKI (AKICS), RRT-AKI (Cleveland, SRI and Mehta score) and death (EURO score) after cardiac surgery procedures was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the calibration and area under receiver operation characteristic curve (AUROC) for the discrimination. ResultsThe incidence of AKI was 20.34%(217/1067), and 63.13% of their renal function recovered completely. The incidence of RRT-AKI was 3.56%(38/1067) and the mortality of AKI and RRT - AKI was 9.68%(21/217) and 44.73%(17/38) respectively. The total mortality was 3.28%（35/1067）. The discrimination and calibration for the prediction of AKI of AKICS were low. For the prediction of RRT-AKI, the discrimination and calibration of Cleveland score were high enough, but the predicated value was lower than the real value (1.70% vs 3.86%). The discrimination of Mehta score and the calibration of SRI were low. The discrimination and calibration for the prediction of death of EURO score was low. ConclusionAccording to the 2012 KDIGO AKI definition, none of the 5 models above is good at predicting AKI after cardiac surgery procedures. Cleveland score has been validated to have a proper impact on predicting RRT-AKI after cardiac surgery procedures, but the predicting value is still in doubt. EURO score has been validated to have an inaccurate predicting value for death after cardiac surgery procedures.