云南省青少年儿童斜视手术回顾性分析

目的:分析云南省青少年儿童斜视手术情况。方法:回顾性分析2017-01/2021-12于云南大学附属医院行斜视手术的青少年儿童患者3 068例的病历资料,分析纳入患者的性别和年龄构成、斜视类型分布、合并其它眼部疾病等情况。结果:纳入患者中男性占52.12%,女性占47.88%;学龄前(1～6岁)患者占32.89%,小学生(7～12岁)占45.89%,中学生(13～18岁)占21.22%;外斜视占63.17%,其中以间歇性外斜视最常见,内斜视占19.69%,其中以共同性内斜视最常见,特殊类型斜视占17.14%,其中以A-V综合征和分离性垂直斜视(DVD)最常见;合并屈光不正者占61.02%,合并弱视者占10.89%,少数患者还合并其他眼部疾病。结论:云南省青少年儿童斜视类型以间歇性外斜视最普遍,部分患者合并其他眼部疾病。     

新版美国眼科临床指南(PPP)对间歇性外斜视诊治的指导及解读

间歇性外斜视是临床最常见的外斜视类型。本文基于2017年版的美国眼科临床指南(PPP)《内斜视和外斜视》分册,从病史、斜视专科检查、分型、治疗4个方面对间歇性外斜视的规范化诊治进行解读。     

斜视矫正术对共同性斜视患者双眼视觉功能的影响

目的 探讨共同性斜视患者接受斜视矫正手术前后双眼视觉功能的改变及其影响因素。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 北京同仁医院2013年12月至2014年8月进行斜视矫正术的共同性斜视患者191例。方法 将患者按斜视类型分为共同性内斜视组、恒定性外斜视组和间歇性外斜视组;按手术时年龄分为≤9岁组和＞9岁组。观察术前、术后1、3个月双眼视觉功能。主要指标 同视机双眼视觉三级功能及近立体视功能。结果 191例患者中,术前分别有26.7%、19.4%、11.0%及41.9%的患者具备同视机Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级及近立体视功能,术后1个月分别提高至90.1%、64.4%、33.0%及57.1%,术后3个月分别提高至94.8%、79.1%、37.7%及63.9%,与术前相比均有统计学差异（P均＜0.001）。术前,间歇性外斜视组38.1%、29.5%及72.4%的患者具备同视机Ⅰ、Ⅱ级及近立体视功能,高于另两组（P＜0.01）。术后3个月,间歇性外斜视组93.3%、48.6%及87.6%的患者具备同视机Ⅱ、Ⅲ级及近立体视功能,高于另两组（P均＜0.05）;恒定性外斜视组55.8%的患者具备近立体视功能,共同性内斜视组为14.0%（P＜0.001）。＞9岁组,术前28.1%、21.9%、14.6%及31.3%的患者具备同视机Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级及近立体视功能,术后3个月分别提高至93.8%、75.0%、37.5%及58.3%,与术前相比均有统计学差异（P＜0.01）。结论 斜视矫正术有助于共同性斜视患者双眼视觉功能的改善;间歇性外斜视患者术前术后双眼视觉功能优于其他类型斜视;大龄斜视患者术后也可能获得双眼视觉功能的改善。     

间歇性外斜视临床分析

间歇性外斜视临床分析山西省眼科医院申长礼，米琳，范永太原市人民医院贾佩珩间歇性外斜视是介于外隐斜和共同性外斜之间的一种斜视类型。其斜视角由于受融合机能的影响、经常发生改变，临床上较为常见，尤以儿童发病较高。目前关于间歇性外斜视是否需要手术及手术时机和...     

连续性外斜视的病因及手术效果短期观察

目的 分析连续性外斜视的发生原因并探讨个性化设计的手术方式的术后效果。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 北京同仁医院17例诊断为连续性外斜视并进行外斜视矫正术的患者。方法 对上述患者临床病历资料进行回顾,分析患者发现内斜视的年龄、屈光度、矫正视力、实施内斜视矫正术年龄、手术方式,以及发生连续性外斜视年龄、斜视角度、眼球运动、屈光度、双眼视觉、实施外斜视矫正术年龄、手术方式与手术效果等。主要指标 发病年龄、屈光度、斜视角度、眼球运动、手术方式、手术效果。结果 本组17例患者中,11例1岁以前发现内斜视;实施内斜视矫正术年龄2~19岁,平均（6.79±5.39）岁（中位数年龄4岁）;连续性外斜视发病年龄为3~21岁,平均（9.00±4.97）岁（中位数年龄8岁）。屈光度为-1.0 ~ +2.0 D者9例（52.9%）,＞+2.0 D者7例（41.2%）,1例（5.9%）为高度近视（-10.0 D）。4例伴有单眼弱视;13例无双眼视功能;平均外斜视角度看近为45△（15△ ~ 95△）,看远为50△（20△ ~ 105△）;5例（29.4%）内转受限。3例行内直肌复位术,14例行内直肌复位术+外直肌后徙术。术后眼位14例（82.4%）正位,欠矫3例,1例术后半年眼位发生外斜漂移现象;术后三级视功能较术前有不同程度提高。结论 本组连续性外斜视与内斜视发病年龄小,内斜视矫正手术实施年龄小,常伴有单眼弱视、无双眼视功能等多种因素有关;对连续性外斜视进行个性化的手术设计,效果较好。（眼科, 2013, 22： 324-327）     

知觉状态与儿童间歇性外斜视术后眼位

间歇性外斜视手术治疗的目的是矫正眼位,恢复双眼视觉。当术后过矫发生连续性内斜视,尤其是视觉发育未成熟的患儿,会导致双眼视觉的严重损害。间歇性外斜视术后早期眼位过矫可通过干预知觉状态以减轻各种集合成分,减少连续性内斜视的发生。（眼科,2013, 22： 292-294）     

知觉性斜视的临床特点及手术效果

目的：分析知觉性斜视的临床特点及手术效果。方法：分析2012－01／2013－06我科收治的178例知觉性斜视患者的临床资料,包括知觉性斜视的类型,斜视眼视力障碍的病因,斜视度数分布,观察术后眼位及复视现象。结果：知觉性斜视178例中知觉性外斜视123例（69．1％）,知觉性内斜视55例（30．9％）,知觉性斜视中109例为屈光参差性弱视,123例知觉性外斜视的平均斜视度为69．32△,其中78例合并垂直斜视,55例知觉性内斜视的平均斜视度为56．45△,其中26例合并垂直斜视。术毕6例患者出现复视,均于2wk内消失。手术设计按内斜欠矫10△左右,外斜过矫10△左右,术后眼位±10△内为正位,所有患者均行斜视眼手术,超过60△者按超常量一截一退手术设计,术后1a随访,178例斜视患者中138例术后眼位达到正位。结论：知觉性外斜视较知觉性内斜视更为常见,知觉性斜视最常见的病因为屈光参差性弱视,通常斜视度数较大,且常合并垂直斜视,知觉性斜视手术可以较好的改善斜视外观,提高患者生活质量。     

调节性内斜视并间歇性外斜视三例

调节性内斜视并间歇性外斜视三例许江涛胡雪篱作者单位：６５００３４昆明市儿童医院眼科调节性内斜视并间歇性外斜视是一种较少见的内外共存性斜视，为一种具有代表性的反向斜视（ａｎｔｉｐｏｄｅａｎｓｑｕｉｎｔ）。我们诊治３例，现将其临床特点及治疗情况报告如下。...     

视功能训练对间歇性外斜视术后小角度外斜视的疗效

目的观察和探讨视功能训练对间歇性外斜视术后小角度外斜视患者的疗效。方法前瞻性研究。对在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院就诊的间歇性外斜视术后的小角度外斜视患者（远距客观外斜视≤25 PD且近距客观外斜视≤35 PD）,随机选取有意愿在医院内行每周2～3次视功能训练的40例患者作为治疗组,随机选取40例患者仅予配镜治疗作为对照组。所有患者年龄7～14岁,排除眼部其他疾病,视力正常。由同一位医生进行治疗前和治疗后3个月的调节功能、主观和客观斜视度、融像功能、立体视功能、Newcastel Control Score（NCS）等的检查和评估。采用t检验、卡方检验等进行数据分析。本研究定义治愈标准为：日常无显性斜视,有良好融像功能,具有远距、近距立体视觉。结果治疗前,对照组和治疗组的术前斜视度、术后时间、远距和近距外斜角度、融像功能、立体视检查结果分布、NCS、近视比例等方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后,治疗组在远距客观外斜视度、近距客观外斜视度、远距主观外斜视度、近距主观外斜视度、远距集合功能、近距集合功能、集合近点、NCS等的改变量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.74、-3.00、-3.33、-4.25、5.81、7.01、-6.40、-7.84,P<0.05）;治疗组立体视改善率（TNO、Titmus、Optec3500）明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝21.59、19.95、34.94,P<0.05）;治疗组的治愈率也明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝16.67,P<0.01）。治疗组经视功能训练后,远距客观外斜视度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;其余视功能参数均优于训练前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗组外斜视度≤20 PD患者的治愈率（77％）优于外斜视度>20 PD患者（22％）,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4.55,P<0.05）;NCS<3分患者的治愈率（67％）优于NCS≥3分患者（32％）,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4.91,P<0.05）。结论视功能训练能有效提高小度数残余性外斜视患者的日常眼位控制能力,加强集合功能,改善立体视。开展视功能训练对于间歇性外斜视术后20 PD以内的外斜视患者有积极意义。     

间歇性外斜视术后中远期眼位的相关因素分析

目的：探讨间歇性外斜视患者术后中远期眼位的影响因素。

方法：回顾性分析我院眼科2017-01/2018-08收治的间歇性外斜视患者78例的临床资料,收集患者的斜视类型、手术年龄、术前有无近立体视和斜视度及术后第1d斜视度等资料,探讨术后中远期眼位的影响因素。

结果：本研究纳入患者术后中远期眼位正位者47例(60%),其中术前集合不足型患者43例,术后中远期眼位正位者18例(42%); 基本型患者31例,术后中远期眼位正位者26例(84%); 分开过强型患者4例,术后中远期眼位正位者3例(75%)。单因素分析结果显示,术后中远期眼位正位者与无效者斜视类型、术前视近斜视度具有差异(P<0.05); 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,斜视类型(基本型)是影响间歇性外斜视患者术后中远期眼位的危险因素(OR=5.769,95%CI：1.790～18.595,P<0.05)。

结论：斜视类型是间歇性外斜视患者术后中远期眼位的独立影响因素,临床应引起足够重视。     

Epidemiology of Surgical Strabismus in Saudi Arabia

Purpose:?To describe the types and age differences of surgical strabismus.

Methods:?Records of 4,886 strabismus patients who underwent surgery at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 1996 were analyzed. Demographic and clinical data were collected from all patients as a retrospective case series. The percentages and ratios of various types of strabismus were correlated with age and gender.

Results:?The average age of our patients was 13.2 years (range 4 months to 82 years). Esotropia was the most common type of strabismus (69.3%), while exotropia was less common (26.9%). Of patients undergoing esotropia correction, infantile esotropia and partially accommodative esotropia were equally common; non-accommodative was less common. Constant exotropia was almost three times more common than intermittent exotropia. The rate of sensory strabismus was high, 20.8% of all patients in the series, with a slight preponderance of sensory esotropia.

Conclusions:?The ratio of esotropia to exotropia in our study is comparable to previous studies done in predominantly European and Middle Eastern populations. Surgical esotropia decreased with age while surgical exotropia increased. Overall, our rates of sensory strabismus were much higher than previously reported, even if we compare only the younger patients.     

A 4 year retrospective survey of strabismus surgery in Tongren Eye Centre Beijing

Purpose: To investigate the distribution pattern of the strabismus surgery undertaken at an eye centre in Beijing, China. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted including the data of all strabismus surgeries performed in Beijing Tongren hospital for the 4 year period from 2003 to 2006. The proportions of different surgery types and their association with patients’ age and gender were analyzed. Result: During the study period, 8997 strabismus surgeries were performed. The number of the surgeries increased progressively each year from 1507 in 2003 to 2769 in 2006 (p < 0.05). Intermittent exotropia was the most common of all strabismus surgeries (27.9%). Superior oblique palsy was the most common type among the paralytic strabismus surgeries. The proportions of different types of strabismus showed no significant change between successive years. Among the patients, the number of surgeries performed in the population aged 0–12 years was significantly higher than other age groups and increased from 35.37% in 2003 to 42.80% in 2006 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There has been a continuous increase in the number of strabismus operations in our eye centre in Beijing, and this pattern is especially obvious in children. The distribution of surgery type remained relatively constant each year. Surgery for intermittent exotropia is the most common type of procedure.     

知觉性内/外斜视与视力障碍发病年龄关系的研究

目的 研究知觉性内斜视或外斜视的发生与视力障碍发病年龄的关系。方法 回顾性分析169例知觉性斜视的临床资料,包括视力障碍的发病年龄、病因和知觉性斜视的类型等。结果 169例知觉性斜视中34例先天性视力障碍(20％),其中20例(59％)发生知觉性内斜视,14例(41％)发生知觉性外斜视;135例(80％)获得性视力障碍,其中21例(16％)发生知觉性内斜视;114例(84％)发生知觉性外斜视。两组间有显著性差异,x~2=27.67,P<0.01。86例视力障碍(51％)因白内障所致,其中无晶状体者64例(74％)。结论 先天性视力障碍(发病年龄≤6个月)主要发生知觉性内斜视,获得性视力障碍(发病年龄>6个月)主要发生知觉性外斜视。白内障是导致知觉性斜视最常见的原因。     

共同性斜视手术后AC/A比率的变化

目的分析共同性斜视术后AC/A比率的变化特点及其相关的主要因素。方法AC/A比率测量同术前一样采用同视机法。随访术后≥6周病例,内斜视19例:外斜视32例。将各类型的斜视均值同其术前相应的AC/A比率均值及正常人的均值对比,并行不同术式AC/A比率均值分析。结果术后ACJA比率均值:内斜视3.16±1.15;外斜视2.32±1.03。内斜视主要类型的AC/A比率较术前下降(P<0.01),同正常人比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。外斜视分开过强型较术前下降(P<0.01),集合不足型较术前上升(P=0.012),其它类型无统计学意义(P>0.05)。外斜视仅基本型低于正常人(P<0.05)。共同性斜视的异常值均较术前显著减少(P<0.05或0.01)。各术式对内斜视AC/A比率的影响无明显差异(P>0.05),对外斜视的影响部分有差异(P<0.05或0.01)。结论手术可使共同性斜视异常的AC/A比率趋于正常。其影响与斜视的种类及类型有关,内斜视所受影响与术式无关,外斜视尚不能肯定其与术式的关系。     

Clinical features of strabismus and nystagmus in bilateral congenital cataracts

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and the factors affecting onset of strabismus and nystagmus in patients with bilateral congenital cataracts. METHODS: This study evaluated 116 eyes of 58 patients who underwent lens removal for the treatment of bilateral congenital cataracts between January 1999 and January 2011. The presence and type of strabismus and nystagmus were determined before and after surgery. Type of strabismus and final visual acuity were compared in patients with and without nystagmus. Patients were divided into three groups (orthotropia/orthotropia, orthotropia/strabismus, and strabismus/strabismus) according to their preoperative and postoperative ocular alignment. Age at cataract surgery and associations of nystagmus and primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with strabismus were analyzed. RESULTS: Six patients (10.3%) had strabismus preoperatively and an additional 11 (19.0%) developed postoperative strabismus. Exotropia was more common than esotropia both preoperatively and postoperatively. Eighteen patients (31.0%) had postoperative nystagmus, with sensory nystagmus being the most common type. Of the 18 patients with nystagmus, 10 had strabismus, with exotropia being more common than esotropia. Postoperative visual acuity was poor in patients with nystagmus. Age at cataract surgery and rate of primary IOL implantation were significantly lower, and postoperative nystagmus was more common, in the orthotropia/strabismus group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Exotropia and sensory nystagmus are common in patients with bilateral congenital cataracts. Age at cataract surgery and rate of IOL implantation are lower and nystagmus more common in patients with postoperative onset of strabismus. Nystagmus is associated with poor visual prognosis.     

【In Press】 Clinical features of strabismus and nystagmus in bilateral congenital cataracts

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and the factors affecting onset of strabismus and nystagmus in patients with bilateral congenital cataracts. METHODS: This study evaluated 116 eyes of 58 patients who underwent lens removal for the treatment of bilateral congenital cataracts between January 1999 and January 2011. The presence and type of strabismus and nystagmus were determined before and after surgery. Type of strabismus and final visual acuity were compared in patients with and without nystagmus. Patients were divided into three groups (orthotropia/orthotropia, orthotropia/strabismus, and strabismus/strabismus) according to their preoperative and postoperative ocular alignment. Age at cataract surgery and associations of nystagmus and primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with strabismus were analyzed. RESULTS: Six patients (10.3%) had strabismus preoperatively and an additional 11 (19.0%) developed postoperative strabismus. Exotropia was more common than esotropia both preoperatively and postoperatively. Eighteen patients (31.0%) had postoperative nystagmus, with sensory nystagmus being the most common type. Of the 18 patients with nystagmus, 10 had strabismus, with exotropia being more common than esotropia. Postoperative visual acuity was poor in patients with nystagmus. Age at cataract surgery and rate of primary IOL implantation were significantly lower, and postoperative nystagmus was more common, in the orthotropia/strabismus group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Exotropia and sensory nystagmus are common in patients with bilateral congenital cataracts. Age at cataract surgery and rate of IOL implantation were lower and nystagmus more common in patients with postoperative onset of strabismus. Nystagmus was associated with poor visual prognosis.     

斜视手术患儿屈光状态分析

目的了解不同类型斜视中屈光状态分布规律,及与各类斜视成因的相关性.方法对2001～2002年在我院行手术治疗的473例斜视患儿均在睫状肌麻痹下行屈光检查,采用Bagolini线状镜选取非注视眼作为研究对象.结果共同性内斜视中远视与远视散光最多(91.30%),与其他类型斜视差异有显著性.近视与近视散光在共同性外斜视中略多于其他两类斜视(44.16%),但特征不显著.弱视眼在共同性内斜视及非共同性斜视中明显多于共同性外斜视,依次为31.68%、43.21%和14.72%.结论因远视引起的调节因素应为共同性内斜视的主要发病因素之一,而屈光因素引起的调节与辐辏失调与共同性外斜视的产生关系不甚密切.斜视患者屈光状态的检查对有效改善眼位并最终建立正常视功能有重要意义.     

Results of re-operation on the deviated eye in patients with sensory heterotropia

Purpose

To evaluate the result of re-operation on the deviated eye of recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus after surgery.

Methods

The medical records of 11 patients who had received second strabismus operation on the deviated eye due to recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus were studied retrospectively.

Results

Among the 11 patients, five patients were operated for recurred exotropia after surgery of sensory exotropia (group 1), two for consecutive exotropia after surgery of sensory esotropia (group 2), and four for undercorrected esotropia after surgery of sensory esotropia (group 3). Re-operation was performed 19.2±12.6 years after the first operation and the mean preoperative deviation before re-operation was 30.0±8.66 prism diopters (PD), 32.5±10.6PD, and 32.5±8.66PD, respectively. In all cases, a small amount of recession or resection compared with the usual surgical dosage was applied in re-operation on the deviated eye. The mean follow-up period after re-operation was 12.3±14.2 (1-48 months). Among the 11 patients, postoperative deviations less than 10PD were achieved postoperatively in 8 (72.7%) at 1 month and of the 8 patients with follow-up data beyond 6 months, 5 (62.5%) showed orthotropia within 10PD at 6 months or later.

Conclusions

The surgical result of re-operation on the deviated eye of recurred, consecutive or undercorrected sensory strabismus after the first surgery was satisfactory in spite of the reduced amount of surgical correction compared with the surgical dosage recommended for the non-operated eye.