儿童分泌性中耳炎致骨导听力下降的临床特征分析

目的 探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎致骨导听力下降的特点、病因和预后.方法 回顾性分析75例(82耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿骨导听力下降的临床资料,并对其发病年龄、病程、积液性质和积液量与骨导听阈的关系进行观察.结果 75例患儿(82耳)骨导听力下降,平均骨导阈值在2.0 kHz和4.0kHz处增高最明显.骨导听阈与病程和积液性质显著相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),与年龄、积液量无关.75例患儿均采取鼓膜切开置管术和(或)腺样体切除术,术后给予药物治疗.随访6月,听力恢复正常者76耳,气导听阈下降但骨导听阈无改善者6耳.结论 分泌性中耳炎可导致儿童骨导阈值增高,是导致儿童耳聋的危险因素之一,及早干预可避免病情发展.     

伴骨导听力下降的分泌性中耳炎临床特征及疗效分析

目的 探讨伴有骨导听力下降的分泌性中耳炎患者的临床特征及疗效,分析其可能原因,为临床诊治提供借鉴。方法 分析2018年11月至2022年3月于我院接受治疗的23例（31耳）伴骨导听力下降的分泌性中耳炎患者的一般临床资料、治疗方案及疗效。结果 患耳侧别：双耳8例,左耳11例,右耳4例;伴随症状：耳鸣16耳,耳闷14耳,耳痛4耳,眩晕3耳;鼓室导抗图：“B”型图27耳,“C”型图3耳,“AS”型图1耳;纯音听阈：入院气导平均听阈（59.9±18.7）dB HL,骨导平均听阈（34.7±14.6）dB HL,治疗后气导平均听阈（42.6±16.3）dB HL,骨导平均听阈（26.9±12.3）dB HL;治疗方案：所有患者入院后均予以鼻喷激素、粘液促排剂、营养神经药物等综合治疗;疗效：痊愈11耳（35.5%）,有效6耳（19.4%）,无效14耳（45.1%）。结论 分泌性中耳炎患者可出现骨导听力下降,其具体机制尚不明确,出现骨导听力下降者,其听力损失程度一般较重,耳鸣为其常见伴随症状,确诊后应以综合治疗方案积极治疗,具有一定疗效。临床需引起重视,避免误诊及漏诊。     

感音神经性聋与分泌性中耳炎的相关性研究

目的：探讨感音神经性聋与分泌性中耳炎的关系。方法：对治疗后骨导听力下降仍未恢复的38例分泌性中耳炎患者进行分析，观察健耳和患耳在不同频率的骨导听阈情况，并分别就其发病年龄、病程、积液性质和积液量与骨导听阈的关系进行观察。结果：患耳在不同频率的骨导听阈均大于健耳（均P＜0．01）；年龄愈大、病程愈长，感音神经性聋发生率愈高；积液为黏液者发生率高于浆液者；但与积液量无明显关系。结论：分泌性中耳炎可导致感音神经性聋，其发病原因和机制是多方面的，年龄大、病程长、积液为黏液者更易导致感音神经性聋的发生；应提高认识，早诊断，早治疗。     

骨导听阈提高的难治性分泌性中耳炎临床分析

目的探讨骨导听阈提高的难治性分泌性中耳炎病因、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析2001年3月～2011年3月期间收治的骨导听阈提高的难治性分泌性中耳炎患者96例（148耳）临床资料,并以是否伴有腺样体肥大、变应性鼻炎或乳突病变分为3组。结果所有患耳均行鼓膜切开置管术,同时A组患者42例（70耳）并行腺样体切除术;B组患者22例（32耳）术后给予口服抗组胺药物及鼻用激素治疗;C组患者32例（46耳）予乳突手术治疗。鼓膜置管术后所有患耳于术后6个月拔管,78例（125耳）患者骨导听阈恢复正常;16例（21耳）患者骨导言语频率平均提高约11~25dBHL;2例（2耳）患者骨导听力无明显改善。术后91耳声导抗图为A型;21耳为B型;36耳为C型。结论提示伴有腺样体肥大、变应性鼻炎或乳突病变之难治性分泌性中耳炎与患者骨导听阈提高相关联,通过手术联合药物治疗解除相关致病因素、可有效提高患者骨导听力水平,阻止病情进一步发展,临床疗效满意。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎的外科手术干预

目的探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎的手术干预方式，为儿童听力筛查中分泌性中耳炎患儿的干预措施选择提供临床资料。方法总结2004-2008年我院90例儿童分泌性中耳炎接受手术治疗且资料完整者45例（82耳）的年龄特点、听力下降时间、手术方式、手术前后听力状况比较。结果术前平均纯音听阈FrrA（pure-tone threshold average，500Hz，1000Hz，2000Hz，4000Hz听阈均值）从8dBHL-61dBHL，平均（34.8±12.09）dBHL。术后PTA从0dB HL-38dB HL，平均（15.9±7.88）dB HL，3耳术后听闯提高，4耳无改善，75耳听阈降低，占91.5％，平均听阈降低18.9dBHL。手术方式：鼓膜置管术9例，腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术29例，腺样体切除＋扁桃体切除＋鼓膜置管术7例。结论腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术是我们治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的基本术式；扁桃体切除术不作为治疗分泌性中耳炎常规选择；对儿童分泌性中耳炎的术式选择应该个体化。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎与感音神经性聋

目的：观察慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）对感音神经性聋（SNHL）的影响。方法：测量135例（168耳）CSOM患者的骨导听阈，并以66例单侧患者的健耳为对照，比较不同类型、不同病程的CSOM的骨导听阈。结果：CSOM各组骨导听阈均值明显高于对照组，且与中耳炎的类型和病程相关。结论：CSOM可引起SNHL，且中耳病变越重，病程越长，听力下降越明显     

成人分泌性中耳炎所致骨导听力下降的初步研究

目的:初步研究成人分泌性中耳炎(OME)所致的骨导听力下降.方法:2009-03-2010-02间收集的成人OME 50例,比较51耳中耳穿刺抽液前、后骨导听阈变化;单耳发病对耳健康者,将患耳穿刺前骨导听阈和健耳进行比较24例,穿刺后骨导与健耳比较22例,痊愈后骨导与健耳比较9例,痊愈后高频、超高频与健耳比较4例.结果:中耳穿刺抽出中耳积液后骨导听力在各频(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz)均明显提高,4.0 kHz最显著;单耳发病对耳健康者2耳比较,穿刺前患耳骨导听力(0.5~4.0 kHz)下降,穿刺和痊愈后多数可以恢复至健耳水平;4例中有3例患耳痊愈后的高频、超高频(8、10、12、16 kHz)与健耳相比听力下降.结论:OME的中耳积液和内耳损伤均可引起骨导听力下降,但0.5~4.0 kHz频区的骨导听力下降多由中耳积液所致,内耳损伤早期主要表现为高频、超高频区的听力下降,随病程延长可向较低频区发展.     

腺样体切除对儿童分泌性中耳炎听力的影响

目的探讨腺样体切除术对分泌性中耳炎听力的影响。方法对72例确诊为腺样体肥大所致的分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为非手术组和手术组，分别进行药物治疗和手术治疗。结果非手术组治疗后听阈≤20dB12耳，手术组治疗后听阈≤20dB36耳，两组治疗后听阈改变经x^2检验差异有显著性。结论腺样体切除术对分泌性中耳炎所致的听力下降的改善是非常有效的。     

儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎临床特征比较

目的 探讨儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎的临床特征的异同.方法 回顾性分析我科2004年3月～2006年3月诊治的84例(104耳)儿童和41例(53耳)成人分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料,比较其病因、病程、首发症状和听力受损特征的异同.结果 儿童分泌性中耳炎患者平均病程较成人短,病因以腺样体肥大和上呼吸道感染为主,首诊原因多为耳痛,其次为听力下降;成人患者病程较长,病因以慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉和鼻咽部新生物为主,首诊原因多为听力下降,其次为耳闷.儿童与成人患者都可出现骨导听阈提高,以2、4、8 kHz为主.结论 儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎患者在病因、病程及首发症状等方面有所不同,且儿童患者可造成言语语言发育迟缓,应及早诊治.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎致感音神经性聋相关因素分析

慢性化脓性中耳炎致感音神经性聋,其发病机制争议较多。笔者对64例（82耳）慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的骨导听阈进行分析,以探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎患者骨导听阈改变的相关因素。     

Ventilation time of the middle ear in otitis media with effusion (OME) after CO2 laser myringotomy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the transtympanic ventilation time, the healing course of the tympanic membrane, the early and late complications, and the recurrence rate of otitis media with effusion (OME) within 6 months after CO2 laser myringotomy with the CO2 laser otoscope Otoscan. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, laser myringotomy was performed with the CO2 laser otoscope Otoscan in a patient population comprising 81 children (159 ears) with a history of otitis media with effusion (OME) associated with adenoidal and sometimes tonsillar hyperplasia. The procedure on the tympanic membrane was accordingly combined with an adenoidectomy, a CO2 laser tonsillotomy, or a tonsillectomy and therefore performed under insufflation anesthesia. In all ears, approximately 2 mm circular perforations were created in the lower anterior quadrants with a power of 12 to 15 W, a pulse duration of 180 msec, and a scanned area of 2.2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: None of the children showed postoperative impairment of cochleovestibular function such as sensorineural hearing loss or nystagmus. Otomicroscopic and videoendoscopic monitoring documented the closure time and healing pattern of tympanic membrane perforations. The mean closure time was found to be 16.35 days (minimum, 8 days; maximum, 34 days). As a rule, an onion-skin-like membrane of keratinized material was seen in the former myringotomy perforations at the time of closure. At the follow-up 6 months later, the condition of the tympanic membrane of 129 ears (81.1%) could be checked by otomicroscopy and videoendoscopy and the hearing ability by audiometry and tympanometry. The CO2 laser myringotomy sites appeared normal and irritation-free. Two of the tympanic membranes examined (1.6%) showed atrophic scar formation, and 1 (0.8%) had a perforation with a diameter of 0.3 mm. The perforation was seen closed in a control otoscopy 15 months postoperatively. OME recurred in 26.3% of the ears seen intraoperatively with mucous secretion (n = 38) and in 13.5% of the ears with serous secretion (n = 37; P <.05). CONCLUSION: The most important principle in treating OME is ventilation of the tympanic cavity. CO2 laser myringotomy achieves this through a self-healing perforation in which its diameter roughly determines the duration of transtympanic ventilation. Laser myringotomy competes with ventilation tube insertion in the treatment of OME. It may be a useful alternative in the surgical management of secretory otitis media.     

Permanent t-tube insertion in two patients with Hurler's syndrome

Hearing loss in mucopolysaccharidosis is usually both conductive and sensorineural. The conductive component is attributable to serous otitis media secondary to dysfunction of the eustachian tube and chronic thickening of the mucosa of the middle ear. The conductive component may persist after myringotomy and insertion of short-term or long-term ventilation tubes. In Hurler's syndrome, death usually occurs in the first decade of life. In our study, we present two cases, a three-year-old girl and a four-year-old boy, who were diagnosed with Hurler's syndrome. Both children have a history of otitis media with effusion requiring repeated short-term ventilation tube insertions that were unsuccessful. Permanent t-tubes were inserted in both cases. Results showed an approximate 20 dB improvement in hearing sensitivity postoperatively for each patient.     

Myringotomy with and without tympanostomy tubes for chronic otitis media with effusion

We studied 109 children with otitis media with effusion of 2 months' duration or longer that was unresponsive to medical management. Eighty-six subjects who had neither "significant" hearing loss nor defined symptoms were randomly assigned to receive myringotomy, myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion, or no surgery, and 23 subjects with significant hearing loss, defined symptoms, or both were randomly assigned to receive either myringotomy or myringotomy with tube insertion. Myringotomy with tube insertion provided more disease-free time and better hearing than either myringotomy alone or no surgery; however, some subjects who underwent myringotomy with tube insertion developed otorrhea or persistent perforation of the tympanic membrane. Myringotomy offered no advantage over no surgery regarding percent of time with middle-ear effusion, number of acute otitis media episodes, and number of subsequent surgical procedures. These results may not properly be extrapolated to less severely affected children.     

Otitis media with effusion in children shows a progressive resolution with time

The course of chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) was studied in 117 children (207 ears). Diagnosis was based on otoscopy and a flat (type B) tympanogram. This was compared with the presence or absence of middle ear effusion at myringotomy carried out 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and more than 9 months after diagnosis. There was a highly significant reduction in the number of effusions diagnosed at myringotomy in those patients who had waited longer for operation. The effects of previous ventilation tube insertion, adenoidectomy, medical treatment between diagnosis and operation, month of diagnosis and month of admission on the results were examined. Tympanosclerosis and atelectasis occurred in 7.3 and 6.3% of ears respectively and in most cases were associated with previous grommet insertion.     

Laser-assisted myringotomy for otitis media: a feasibility study with short-term followup

Intermediate-duration middle ear ventilation appears to be a good treatment option for selected children with otitis media. Laser-assisted myringotomy is one way to provide such ventilation. It can provide prompt pain relief and resolution of middle ear effusion and effusion-related hearing loss, and it can provide an opportunity for surveillance of antibiotic-resistant organisms. We performed laser-assisted myringotomy on 97 ears of 54 children over a 5-month period. All children had acute or recurrent otitis media or persistent middle ear effusions. Our experience suggests that laser-assisted myringotomy is a feasible treatment option for selected patients. Practitioner experience and patient and family considerations will contribute to the decision whether to use general or topical anesthesia.     

Acute otitis media associated with bone conduction hearing loss]

Eleven patients (12 ears) with acute otitis media associated with raised bone conduction were studied. The patients were from 19 to 70 years old and came to our hospital between November 1996 through May 1997. Pure tone audiometry revealed mixed hearing loss, but there was no bullous myringitis in all cases. They were treated by oral or intravenous antibiotics, steroids, and myringotomy. Bacteriological examination was done in seven cases, and revealed penicillin resistant Streptococcus pnumoniae in three cases. Complete recovery of hearing loss was obtained in 10 of 12 ears, but sensorineural hearing loss remained in 2 patients. Bacteriological examination and pure tone audiometry in acute otitis media are important for detecting the severity of the disease, determining the administration of steroids, and for the selection of antibiotics.     

腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎鼓室置管术疗效分析

目的　观察鼓室置管术在治疗腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎听力损失的疗效 ,探讨中耳通气管的选择、手术适应证及注意事项。方法　双耳伴发分泌性中耳炎伴听力损失的住院腭裂患儿 19例 ,平均年龄 5 8岁 ,平均气导语频听阈较大的一侧耳在腭裂修复术同期行鼓室置管术 ,对侧未置管耳作为对照组 ,术后 2周至 18个月复查 ,比较置管组及对照组腭裂术前、术后听阈的变化情况。结果置管组耳术后平均气导语频听阈 (2 7 0± 6 5 )dB较术前 (42 7± 8 2 )dB显著降低 ,而对照组耳术前(2 9 0± 6 1)dB、术后 (2 7 0± 4 1)dB听阈差异无显著性。置管组未见严重耳科并发症。结论　腭裂修复术同期鼓室置管术安全、有效 ,可恢复患者听力 ,有利于腭裂术后语音学习。     

鼓室置管术及相关处理治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎

目的 :提高对小儿分泌性中耳炎 (SOM)的诊疗水平。方法 :对 80例 (144耳 )小儿 SOM均行鼓室置硅胶管术 ,其中 30例同时行增殖体刮除和 (或 )扁桃体摘除术、10例行腭裂修复术、2 0例鼻窦炎患者行抗炎引流治疗。结果 :80例患儿随访 0 .5～ 1年 ,83%耳 (6 5例 12 0耳 )听力明显改善 ,纯音听阈 ,声导抗检查恢复正常。结论 :对 SOM的患儿应及时进行综合性治疗 ,方可改善听力。