对胸部CT未确诊的咯血行支气管镜检查的价值探讨

目的评价纤维支气管镜检查(FOB)在胸部CT未能确诊病因的咯血诊断中的价值。方法回顾近5年来我科收治的82例胸部CT未确诊病因的咯血病人临床资料,所有病人在胸部CT检查后1周内行FOB检查,并选择性使用了冲洗,剧检,活检,支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL),CT定位下经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB),经支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)。获取的标本进行细菌学、细胞学或病理学检查。结果71例(87%)咯血病因确诊,其中肺结核25例,肺癌18例,支气管炎9例,肺炎10例,其他9例。11例(13%)仍未确诊。确诊方法:恻检18例(阳性率54%),冲洗21例(46%),BAL12例(63%),活检22例(71%),TBLB7例(54%),TBNA4例(40%)。采用两种以上支气管镜检查技术的阳性率(85.5%)高于单一技术(53.3%)。结论对于胸部CT未确诊病因的咯血病人,FOB检查是明确病因的有效手段。联合使用两种或以上FOB检查技术可以提高确诊率。     

支气管镜及相关检查对血液肿瘤肺部并发症的诊断价值

目的:探讨纤维支气管镜(FB)及相关检查对血液肿瘤移植及化疗后肺部并发症的病因诊断价值.方法:回顾分析经胸部CT、血、痰病原学检查不能明确诊断的38例肺部并发症患者,接受FB检查、支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)、刷片,部分经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)的确诊情况.结果:38例患者中26例经FB确诊,总诊断率68.42%.其中,...     

经纤维支气管镜不同取材方法对肺癌的诊断价值

目的评价纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)下不同取材方法对肺癌诊断的价值,探讨纤支镜下联合采用多种取材方法对肺癌诊断的临床意义。方法分析130例肺癌患者的纤支镜检查结果,比较钳检、刷检、经纤支镜肺活检(TBLB)、单纯经纤支镜针吸活检(TBNA)、支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)及联合取材方法诊断肺癌的阳性率。结果 130例肺癌经纤支镜确诊122例,镜下分为六型:中央增生型、中央浸润型、中央外压型、中央正常型、周围增生浸润型、周围外压正常型;钳检、刷检、TBLB、TBNA、BAL的阳性率分别为83.33%、56.92%、50.00%、67.35%、42.31%,钳检阳性率明显高于另4种单一方法取材(P0.05);不同镜下类型分别采用刷检联合其他4种方法检查的总阳性率为93.85%(122/130),平均阳性率为89.99%;不同取材方法对不同镜下类型肺癌的检出不同。结论根据镜下特点的不同采取不同经纤支镜取材方法、重视钳检、积极开展TBLB、TBNA、联合多种取材方法可提高肺癌的病理学诊断率。     

BALF对周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)对内镜检查阴性的周围型肺癌患者的诊断价值。方法选取我科2011年1月至2014年7月住院行支气管镜检查镜下阴性的患者共114例,进行支气管肺泡灌洗和支气管镜下肺活检(TBLB)。根据病理结果 ,将所有患者分为肺癌(周围型肺癌)组和肺良性病变组。对比两组患者BALF中肿瘤指标水平和细胞基质金属蛋白酶-7(matrix metalloproteinase-7,MMP-7)、Survivin mRNA相对表达量。以开胸手术或经皮肺穿刺病理活检结果为金标准,对比IBAL和TBLB检测对于肺癌的灵敏度、特异度。结果肺癌组BALF中CEA、CYFRA21-1、ET-1和NSE水平显著高于肺良性病变组,P0.01。肺癌组的MMP-7、Survivin mRNA相对表达量显著高于肺良性病变组,P0.01。IBAL检测肺癌的灵敏度为72.41%,特异度为62,50%;TBLB检测肺癌的灵敏度为79.31%,特异度为67.86%。两种检测肺癌方法灵敏度和特异度无显著差异,P0.05。结论行支气管肺泡灌洗可以提高内镜检查阴性周围型肺癌患者的诊断率,进而早期手术治疗。     

纤支镜中多种检查在周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨非直视经纤支镜肺活检联合细胞学检查在周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法将本院100例最终确诊为周围型肺癌患者的资料进行总结分析。结果 100例患者中非直视经纤支镜肺活检(TBLB)阳性59例,占59%;支气管肺泡灌洗(BALF)阳性25例,占25%;刷片阳性22例,占22%;痰检阳性12例,占12%。TBLB+BALF+刷片法+痰检法阳性74例,占74%。结论非直视经纤支镜肺活检联合细胞学检查对周围型肺癌有较高诊断价值。     

改良后支气管镜下肺灌洗术对肺癌的诊断价值

支气管镜下肺灌洗术(BAL),是在联合纤维支气管镜和细胞病理学检查的基础上发展起来的一种肺部疾病诊疗技术,较支气管镜下肺活检( TBLB)检查更加微创、更易耐受,同时也可以用于治疗及肺泡液分子生物学研究.而通过对该技术改进,提高对阳性肺泡灌洗液的收集,有希望提高支气管镜检查对肺癌的诊断效果.     

支气管镜联合不同检测技术在AIDS肺部感染诊断中的应用

目的探讨支气管镜联合不同检测技术,在艾滋病肺部感染病原学诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2010年1-12月北京、河南、广州、广西地区共86例进行支气管镜检查的艾滋病肺部感染（排除肺结核）病人的临床资料,分析镜下表现、肺泡灌洗液病原体培养、肺泡灌洗液病原体-聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测、肺泡灌洗液涂片病理、肺组织活检病理。结果艾滋病肺部感染支气管镜检查镜下表现多为气管、支气管的急性或慢性炎症;肺泡灌洗液培养阳性率为27.9%;肺泡灌洗液的巨细胞病毒（CMV）、肺孢子菌（PCP）、结核分枝杆菌（TB）和嗜肺军团菌（LP）的PCR检测阳性率分别为66.7%和54.9%、0和0。肺泡灌洗液涂片病理检查中,六胺银染色、抗酸染色、PCP和CMV免疫组化阳性率分别为61.9%、0、38.9%、0。肺组织活检病理检查病原体阳性率为87.5%。结论支气管镜在艾滋病肺部感染的诊断中有重要价值,联合使用支气管镜肺泡灌洗液的培养、涂片病理和PCR检测,并进行肺组织活检病理检测,可以提高艾滋病肺部感染病原学诊断水平。     

不同肺活检方法诊断肺癌的价值比较

目的对比分析3种肺活检不同方法在疑似肺癌中诊断中的价值和利弊。方法门诊及住院患者经肺部X线照片和CT检查结果诊断为肺部块影而疑似肺癌的患者78例,分别应用经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)、CT下经皮肺活检、外科肺活检进行检查,对病理的及临床资料进行对比分析。结果报道78例疑似肺癌患者,诊断率为46.15%。TBLB术确诊率为39.5%,外科肺活检术确诊率为91.7%。CT下经皮肺活检术确诊率为35.7%。而Ⅰ～ⅢA检出率为34.6%。并发症发生率依次为外科肺活检、CT引导下肺活检、TBLB。结论 TBLB是诊断肺癌的首选确诊手段,其优点为阳性率高、费用低、并发症小,有利于肺癌的鉴别诊断和分期,而位于周边型肺癌应首选CT下经皮肺活检,对于其他未能确诊且疑难肺部肿块者宜选用外科肺活检。     

肺泡蛋白沉积症84例误诊误治分析

目的 提高肺泡蛋白沉积症(PAP)临床诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院1990年1月至2007年10月确诊的PAP患者在院内外的误诊、误治过程,分析其原因.结果 84例PAP患者平均诊断周期14.5个月.入院前67%患者存在误诊.近年来误诊为肺结核者减少,误诊为特发性间质性肺炎者增多.PAP患者在院外行支气管镜、肺泡灌洗(BAL)及经支气管肺活检(TBLB)的比例低,患者是否行BAL及TBLB检查与其是否误诊相关.87%的患者通过支气管镜、BAL及TBLB确诊.33.3%的患者在院外曾接受糖皮质激素治疗,经激素治疗的患者有6例合并严重感染,2例死亡.结论 PAP患者误诊误治仍很普遍,误诊考虑可能与支气管镜、BAL、TBLB检查比例低有关.应重视PAP的影像学特征,积极行支气管镜、BAL、TBLB检查,避免误诊.诊断不明确时务必慎用激素.     

82例艾滋病合并肺部疾病病人的支气管镜结果分析

目的探讨支气管镜检查在艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺部疾病中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析长沙市第一医院82例AIDS合并肺部疾病病人的支气管镜下表现和肺泡灌洗液细菌培养、肺泡灌洗液涂片革兰染色、支气管镜刷检、支气管黏膜活检结果。结果 82例艾滋病合并肺部疾病病例中,支气管镜下多有气管、支气管的急性或慢性炎症表现,镜下见干酪样坏死5例,管腔狭窄23例,新生物10例。肺泡灌洗液病原学培养阳性率30.49%(25/82),显著高于普通痰培养阳性率15.85%(13/82)。肺泡灌洗液涂片结果:涂片革兰染色阳性率47.56%(39/82),显著高于普通痰涂片阳性率32.93%(27/82);抗酸染色阳性率24.39%(20/82),显著高于普通痰抗酸染色阳性率9.76%(8/82)。5例病人行六胺银染色,确诊肺孢子菌肺炎1例。支气管镜刷检联合肺组织活检确诊腺癌1例,鳞癌1例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,发现可疑肿瘤细胞3例。结论支气管镜检查在AIDS合并肺部疾病的病因诊断中,具有重要的应用价值,其方便易行、安全可靠,值得在临床工作中大力推广。     

间质性肺疾病与肺癌

间质性肺疾病(ILD)患者中肺癌的发病率增高,特别是特发性肺纤维化合并肺癌的报道最多.ILD合并肺癌的病理类型以鳞状细胞癌最多,好发于肺下叶和外周部位.ILD的一些肿瘤标记物增高,与疾病的活动程度、严重程度、肺纤维化程度和病情预后等有关,并且具有一定的诊断价值.ILD的肿瘤标记物增高可能是其合并肺癌的危险因素.本文对I...     

Quantitative lung perfusion following single lung transplantation

BACKGROUND: Following successful lung transplantation, most of the lung perfusion, as well as ventilation, is shifted towards the transplanted lung. We investigated the changes in perfusion during exercise in lung transplant recipients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients were included in the study. Six patients had emphysema and 6 patients had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Patients underwent two upright lung perfusion scans: the first at rest and the second during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Lung perfusion was assessed in each lung and regionally. RESULTS: At rest, patients with emphysema had 83.3 +/- 8 % of total perfusion to the transplanted side and 16.7 +/- 8 % to the native lung, while in the IPF patients, it was 68.7 +/- 12 and 32.7 +/- 10 %, respectively ( P = 0.028). At peak exercise, perfusion shifted from the transplanted lung to the native lung ( P = 0.0095) both in emphysema and IPF patients. CONCLUSIONS: Following successful lung transplantation, most of the perfusion is directed towards the transplanted lung. During exercise, there was a small but significant shift towards the native lung. These findings highlighted the important role of the native lung during maximal exercise.     

The effect of lung biopsy on lung function in diffuse lung disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on lung function of lung biopsy used in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease carried out by an open procedure or by video-assisted thoracoscopy. One hundred and sixteen patients with diffuse lung disease who attended the Royal Brompton Hospital were studied retrospectively. Thirty five patients underwent open lung biopsy, and 33 video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy and 48 had their diagnosis made without biopsy. All patients underwent lung function tests before and after surgery, or at an interval of 3-6 months in those who did not undergo biopsy. No significant differences were found in changes in lung function between those who had and had not undergone biopsy, and the proportions of patients whose lung function improved or deteriorated were similar. Lung biopsy by an open procedure or by video-assisted thoracoscopy did not differ in its effects on lung function. The results for older patients, those with severe disease and those with fibrosing alveolitis were the same as for the whole group. Open lung biopsy for the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease does not deleteriously affect lung function whether carried out by an open or a minimally invasive procedure.     

肺癌和癌旁正常肺组织中5种肿瘤标志物比较研究

目的 探讨肺癌组织及癌旁正常肺组织中心钠素、分泌型IgA、铁蛋白、DNA聚合酶、血管内皮生长因子的含量。方法 应用放射免疫法测定39例肺癌和癌旁正常肺组织中心钠素、分泌型IgA、铁蛋白、DNA聚合酶、血管内皮生长因子5种肿瘤标志物含量。结果 5种肿瘤标志物在肺癌组织中的含量均高于癌旁正常肺组织，差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．001）。结论 肺癌细胞具有产生物质的作用。     

Successful lung transplantation following lung volume reduction surgery

BACKGROUND: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an accepted treatment modality for patients with advanced emphysema. Recently, successful lung transplantation (LTX) has been reported following LVRS. We assess the pulmonary functions in lung transplant recipients after LVRS. METHODS: 8 patients - 5 males and 3 women--aged 53-66 years with advanced emphysema underwent LVRS. Following clinical deterioration and decline of pulmonary function, patients underwent single LTX. Post transplantation follow-up included pulmonary function, 6 minute walk distance (6 MWD) and recording perioperative complications. RESULTS: Median forced expiratory in one second (FEV 1) before and after LVRS were 24 % with 31 % predicted, respectively. All but one showed improvement in lung function and 6 MWD following LVRS. Median maximal 6 MWD before and after LVRS was 222 and 316 meters, respectively. Median time from LVRS to LTX was 46 months (range 10-83). All patients survived and were discharged after LTX. Median FEV1 before and after LTX was 23 % with 57 % predicted, respectively. Median 6MWD before and after LTX was 240 and 462 meters, respectively. NYHA classes improved from 3-4 to 1-2 in 7 surviving patients. At transplantation, bleeding due to pleural adhesions was observed in 4 patients; two required blood transfusions. One patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and one had unilateral vocal cord paralysis. At nine-month follow-up, 7 patients are doing remarkably well, while one patient died 6 months after LTX due to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). CONCLUSIONS: LVRS is a therapeutic option in patients with end-stage emphysema. When emphysema deteriorates, LTX can be successfully performed with significant improvement of quality of life without significant additional risk.