噻托溴铵治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病疗效观察

目的评价噻托溴铵治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疗效和安全性。方法将50例年龄40～75岁稳定期Ⅰ、Ⅱ级COPD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组吸入噻托溴铵干粉剂(18μg,每日1次)治疗13周。在治疗前,治疗4周及12周分别测定肺功能。结果治疗组第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、FEV1占预计值的百分比上升值较对照组有有显著性差异(P<0.05)。噻托溴铵的常见不良反应为口干(2例,8%),无心血管系统异常和心电图异常报告。结论噻托溴铵对于稳定期Ⅰ、Ⅱ级COPD患者疗效显著且安全可靠。     

噻托溴铵与缓释茶碱对COPD稳定期患者生存质量及肺功能研究

目的观察长期吸入噻托溴铵及应用缓释茶碱对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期生存质量及肺功能的影响。方法对96例确诊为COPD稳定期患者随机分为两组,噻托溴铵组给予常规治疗加用长期吸入噻托溴铵,缓释茶碱组为常规治疗加用茶碱缓释片,对两组的生存质量及肺功能进行对比,评价噻托溴铵与缓释茶碱对COPD稳定期患者生存质量及肺功能的影响。结果噻托溴铵较缓释茶碱能提高生存质量及肺功能,有明显的差异性;噻托溴铵组用药1个月肺功能较治疗前无明显改善,3个月后能明显改善肺功能。结论长期吸入噻托溴铵较缓释茶碱能更好的改善患者生存质量及肺功能。     

噻托溴胺对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者生存质量的评价

目的观察中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期吸入噻托溴胺的临床疗效。方法将40例中度COPD(Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)稳定期患者随机分为2组,治疗组(噻托溴铵组)(n=20,思力华,Boehinger Ingelheim,18ug,1次/d,早晨给药)和对照组(n=20,按需使用短效抗胆碱能支气管扩张剂),整个观察期为1年,观察2组用药3个月、6个月和1年后肺功能的变化以及StGeorge′s呼吸问卷(SGRQ)等情况,通过6min步行试验(6MWT)观察运动耐力的变化以及随访3～12个月急性加重的例次及住院例次。结果用药3个月后治疗组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC及FEV1占预计值(%)比对照组明显改善,2组比较差异有显著性(P0.05),治疗组运动耐力(6MWT)增加,SGRQ评分比较治疗组明显下降,随访3～12个月治疗组急性加重例次明显减少,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P0.05);治疗组用药后3个月、6个月和1年后肺功能比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论吸入噻托溴胺可以改善稳定期(Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)COPD患者肺功能与运动耐力,减少急性加重的发作,改善生活质量,不良反应少,使用方便,值得临床广泛推广。     

噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效。方法将80例稳定期COPD患者随机分对照组和观察组,各40例,对照组给予常规治疗和多索茶碱治疗,而观察组则在对照组的基础上给予噻托溴铵粉吸入治疗;比较两组肺功能、呼吸困难评分、6 min步行距离及有效率。结果观察组治疗12个月后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);呼吸困难评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)、6 min步行距离明显大于对照组(P<0.01);总有效率(97.5%)明显高于对照组(80.0%,P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期COPD患者,可明显改善肺功能,缓解呼吸困难,提高临床疗效。     

肺康复联合噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者BODE指数的影响

目的 观察肺康复联合吸入噻托溴铵粉剂对中-重度COPD稳定期患者BODE指数的影响.方法 选择我院呼吸科门诊2013年10月至2015年7月确诊COPD稳定期患者60例,分为联合组(肺康复联合噻托溴铵)和对照组.对照组给予常规COPD药物基础上吸入单一噻托溴铵粉吸入剂治疗.联合组指在常规药物治疗基础上给予肺康复(包括呼吸功能锻炼、长期家庭氧疗、营养支持、心理疏导等综合治疗),联合每日吸入噻托溴铵粉吸入剂.对比2组治疗后3个月、6个月的BODE指标及BODE指数变化.结果 联合组与对照组比较治疗3个月后BODE指标(BMI、呼吸困难程度、6MWD、FEV1％ pred)、BODE指数有改善,差异有统计学意义(t=2.23,P＞0.05;t=2.44、7.78、4.36、2.61,P＜0.05),治疗6个月后BODE指标(BMI、呼吸困难程度、6MWD、FEV2％ pred)、BODE指数有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(t=4.26、3.25、23.74、9.73、4.78,P＜0.05).结论 中-重度COPD稳定期患者实施肺康复联合吸入噻托溴铵粉剂治疗后,BODE相关指标及BODE指数显著改善,长期的肺康复及噻托溴铵使用有更大获益.     

噻托溴铵治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者的临床观察

目的探讨噻托溴铵治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者的临床疗效。方法 90例老年COPD稳定期患者均吸入噻托溴铵每日1粒,疗程3月,比较患者治疗前后肺功能、血气分析指标、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试（CAT）评分。结果噻托溴铵治疗后血氧分压显著改善（P〈0.05）,二氧化碳分压明显降低（P〈0.05）;治疗前后CAT评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论噻托溴铵吸入治疗老年COPD稳定期患者,能明显改善肺功能、改善氧合,缓解症状,提高生活质量,是治疗老年COPD稳定期患者的有效选择。     

老年人稳定期慢阻肺应用噻托溴铵的临床观察

目的探讨老年人COPD稳定期应用噻托溴铵治疗的疗效。方法选取58例慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的患者,并随机分成两组即噻托溴铵组(30例)和异丙托溴铵组(28例),噻托溴铵组给予噻托溴铵治疗,异丙托溴铵组给予异丙托溴铵治疗,两组疗程均为60天,通过观察两组患者临床症状及肺功能改善情况等指标,分析对比两组疗效差别。结果噻托溴铵组的临床症状、肺功能改善情况明显优于异丙托溴铵组相关指标,P<0.05。结论噻托溴铵用于稳定期COPD的治疗效果优于异丙托溴铵。     

噻托溴铵治疗COPD的临床疗效观察

目的研究老年性吸烟稳定期COPD应用噻托溴铵的临床疗效。方法分析2009年1月～2011年9月我院收治的90例老年性吸烟稳定期COPD患者,随机分成治疗组和对照组个45例:治疗组(每日给予患者18μg噻托溴铵吸入剂+沙丁胺醇气雾剂);对照组(每隔12小时给予患者口服0.1 g氨茶碱+沙丁胺醇气雾剂),治疗后对患者进行2个月的随访观察,比较两组患者治疗后肺功能的改善情况。结果治疗组经过治疗后St George评分显著降低,优于对照组,并且相对于治疗前FEV1/Pred、FEV1、FEV1/FVC的评分值均有显著提高(P<0.01),对照组治疗效果不明显(P>0.05)。结论噻托溴铵吸入剂联合沙丁胺醇气雾剂可以显著改善老年性吸烟稳定期COPD患者的肺功能。     

噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡松治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者的疗效观察

目的 观察噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡松对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的治疗效果.方法 采用随机、双盲的方法将62例COPD患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予噻托溴铵和沙美特罗替卡松治疗,对照组给予沙美特罗替卡松治疗,分别对两组患者治疗前后呼吸困难评分和肺功能检测进行比较.结果 治疗两个月后,与对照组比较观察组肺功能FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC%,呼吸困难评分改善差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 噻托溴铵与沙美特罗替卡松联合吸入治疗COPD,疗效优于沙美特罗替卡松单药治疗.     

脾氨肽冻干粉口服联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD的临床疗效

目的评价口服脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD的临床疗效。方法选取68例老年稳定期COPD患者采用平行分组法随机分为治疗组与对照组各34例,对照组给予噻托溴铵粉吸入18μg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予脾氨肽冻干粉口服2 mg/次,1次/d。疗程均为8周。结果治疗8周后,治疗组较对照组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC及FEV1%预计值水平明显改善(P0.05),血清CD+3、CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8及NK细胞水平较对照组明显改善(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论脾氨肽冻干粉口服联合噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD效果理想,其可能通过改善淋巴细胞免疫功能水平发挥作用。     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Investigation of mode of action of biofeedback in treatment of fecal incontinence

A study was carried out in 25 incontinent patients to evaluate some of the factors thought to be responsible for the success of retraining for fecal incontinence. Subjects were initially allocated to one of two groups; one group was trained to perceive small rectal volumes (active retraining), the other group carried out the same maneuvers but were not given any information or instruction. Active sensory retraining reduced the sensory threshold from 32 +/- 8 to 7 +/- 2 ml (P less than 0.001), corrected any sensory delay that was present (P less than 0.004), and reduced the frequency of incontinence from 5 +/- 1 to 1 +/- 1 episodes per week (P less than 0.01). Sham retraining caused a modest reduction in the sensory threshold (from 29 +/- 9 to 20 +/- 8; P less than 0.05) but did not significantly reduce the frequency of incontinence. Subsequent strength and coordination training did not significantly improve continence, although at the end of the study, 50% of patients had no incontinent episodes at all and 76% of patients had reduced the frequency of incontinence episodes by more than 75%. This improvement in continence was not associated with any change in sphincter pressures or in the continence to rectally infused saline but was associated with significant improvements in rectal sensation. The functional improvement was sustained over a period of two years in 16 of the 22 patients available for follow-up. In conclusion, the results support the use of retraining in the management of fecal incontinence and suggest that retraining may work by enhancing rectal sensitivity and instilling confidence.