联合应用Sommerlad与Furlow术式治疗腭咽闭合不全

目的基于Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建和Furlow反向双"Z"两种术式的优缺点,探讨联合两种术式的改良设计治疗腭咽闭合不全的可行性和有效性。方法对腭裂修复术后确诊腭咽闭合不全的患者,采用Sommerlas术式重建腭帆提肌,恢复肌肉功能的同时,采用Furlow术式延长软腭,重建腭咽闭合生理功能的解剖学结构。术后3个月经鼻咽纤维镜检查评估腭咽闭合功能。结果改良的联合术式设计可明显提高腭咽闭合不全患者的腭咽闭合率。结论将2种不同术式联合应用,有很强的可行性和可操作性,组织精细解剖复位和准确可靠的缝合技术是确保该术式成功实施的关键。可用于腭裂术后继发腭咽闭合不全的治疗。     

Furlow腭成形术对腭咽闭合功能的影响

目的：研究腭裂患儿经Furlow腭成形术后软腭长度,软腭厚度以及腭咽腔深度的变化,探讨Furlow腭成形术在促进腭咽闭合功能中的作用。方法：2002年11月至2006年11月运用Furlow腭成形术完成不完全性腭裂或隐性腭裂患者45例,术前术后测量软腭长度,软腭厚度和腭咽腔深度。采用SPSS10.0软件包进行成对样本检验。P〈0.05定义为有显著统计学差异。结果：术前术后软腭长度;软腭厚度和腭咽腔深度分别做成对样本＂T＂检验,结果P〈0.01,均有显著统计学差异。结论：Furlow腭成形术延长了软腭长度,增加了软腭厚度,并使腭咽腔的深度变窄。对手术后腭咽闭合功能的恢复具有促进作用。     

单瓣法修复腭裂22例临床观察

目的观察单瓣法手术治疗Ⅱ度腭裂和单侧完全性腭裂的临床疗效。方法应用单瓣法修复22例腭裂患儿,利用其患侧的腭黏骨膜瓣关闭裂隙,并制备腭骨瓣后退延长软腭。结果本组22例患儿均未输血;术中测量软腭后退长度平均7.5mm;术后切口愈合良好,发音效果改善明显。结论单瓣法治疗Ⅱ度腭裂和单侧完全性腭裂,创伤小、出血少、效果好、操作简便。     

反向双“Z”成形术修复腭裂的体会

目的探讨反向双“Ｚ”成形术的临床效果。方法 应用反向双“Ｚ”成形术修复先天性腭裂１２例，其中男性７例，女性５例。结果 临床效果满意，语音改善明显，软腭平均延长１．２５ｃｍ。结论 该法有效地改善语音，损伤轻，减少感染机会，但对完全腭裂，深Ⅱ度腭裂和软腭缺失较多者应结合其他术式。     

软腭全层五瓣旋转推进修复腭裂的初步报告

目的 探讨腭裂功能性修复的新方法。方法 在先天性腭裂３７例的裂隙两侧软腭区设计１个矩形瓣和４个三角形瓣。切开后将各瓣旋转并向对侧推进,交错插入后逐层缝合。结果 采用该法治疗腭裂达到了关闭裂隙并延长软腭长度、形成软腭动力性肌环的兼备要求,３１例经０．５～２年随访证实手术效果稳定。结论 本术式在修复裂隙的同时,增加了软腭长度,恢复了腭咽闭合所需的软腭后退及上提功能,可视为腭裂功能性修复的较好方法之一。     

双颊肌黏膜瓣修复大龄宽大腭裂患者的远期效果评价

目的对采用双颊肌黏膜瓣修复的大龄宽大腭裂患者的语音效果和上颌骨发育情况进行分析,评价手术的远期效果。方法选择12例大龄宽大腭裂患者为试验组,采用软腭后退双颊肌黏膜瓣修复;同期选择20例腭裂患者为传统手术组,采用常规双瓣法加软腭肌功能修整术进行整复;另外选择30例非唇腭裂患者作为对照组。应用专业语音和临床语音评价方法比较腭裂患者术前和术后5年的语音效果;拍摄头颅定位侧位片,应用头影测量方法评价患者术前和术后5年的上颌骨发育情况;并将2组腭裂患者术后5年的语音和上颌骨发育情况与对照组进行比较。结果试验组患者术后伤口均达到一期愈合;随访5年,张口度正常,硬软腭部无继发穿孔,原手术区域组织松软,组织瓣较腭部组织色泽红润。试验组术后语音效果优于术前,也优于传统手术组（P<0.05）;术后上颌骨发育情况优于传统手术组（P<0.05）,但与对照组相比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论采用软腭后退双颊肌黏膜瓣法修复大龄宽大腭裂患者,术后语音改善效果较好,对上颌骨发育的影响较小,是一种较好的手术方式。     

评价腭裂患者术后软腭功能的研究

腭裂术后患者腭咽闭合功能的恢复,是检查手术疗效的关键。而软腭的运动,又是腭咽闭合活动中的重要部分。本研究采用腭咽闭合图像处理定量检测系统和鼻咽腔钡剂造影X线摄片的方法,检测了90例不同手术年龄及手术方法腭裂患者的软腭功能。结果如下:采用传统性腭成形术的小年龄手术组(小于3岁)都能获得较为理想的软腭活动功能,而大年龄手术组(大于6岁)无论采用传统性腭成形术或Furlow＇s反向双Z瓣修复术,均无理想的软腭活动,证实了腭裂的手术年龄越小,软腭活动效果越理想的结论。作者并提出腭成形术宜早期进行。     

两种腭裂修复方式治疗过宽不完全腭裂的临床效果比较

目的:比较兰氏法和改良兰氏法修复过宽不完全腭裂的临床效果。方法:选取2012年1月~2014年12月于徐州医科大学附属徐州市立医院接受腭裂修复术的不完全腭裂患儿40例,年龄2~5岁,裂隙宽度均大于2.5 cm,按接受腭裂修复的不同方式分为2组,实验组:20例,行改良兰氏法(兰氏法联合颊肌黏膜瓣)修复腭裂,对照组:20例,行兰氏法修复腭裂。2017年1月~2019年9月(术后5~7年)进行随访,此时两组患者年龄7~9岁,平均年龄为8岁。分别观察两组患者术区恢复状态,应用锥形束CT(CBCT)观察比较上颌骨发育情况,使用头颅侧位片评价腭咽闭合功能,并且进行语音清晰度评估。结果:相比于对照组,实验组的患者恢复较好,术区瘢痕轻微,上颌骨发育好,腭咽闭合完全,语音清晰度高。结论:对于裂隙过宽的腭裂患者,使用联合颊黏膜瓣的兰氏法可有效避免裸露的骨面,减轻了瘢痕增生,有利于上颌骨发育,增进腭咽闭合,提高了语音清晰度是一种更为值得推广的腭裂新手术方法。     

一种改良的菱形岛状瓣用于腭裂修复术

本文介绍了一种改良的菱形岛状瓣新方法,用于腭裂修复术.该术式与传统的方法相比,具有术后软腭明显延长与后推,抗感染力强与不会裂开等优点。本组16例病人全部获术后半年至二年以上随访.     

腭小神经对软腭功能影响的临床研究

目的：探讨腭裂整复术中保留腭小神经的临床意义。方法：选择先天性单侧完全性腭裂修复手术患者,腭小神经保留组和损伤组各15例,术前及术后1月检测软腭4种感觉功能,并用肌电图、鼻音计直接或间接检测软腭运动功能,最后用4个参数综合判断腭小神经损伤对软腭功能的影响。结果：保留腭小神经组软腭的感觉功能存在,而损伤腭小神经组软腭感觉功能消失;软腭的运动功能保留组明显优于损伤组。结论：腭裂整复术中保留腭小神经对恢复软腭感觉功能、腭咽闭合功能及早期的语音训练具有十分重要的临床意义。     

A comparison of the effects of Veau-Wardill-Kilner palatoplasty and furlow double-opposing Z-plasty operations on eustachian tube function.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Veau-Wardill-Kilner (VWK) two-flap palatoplasty and Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty operations on eustachian tube (ET) opening in patients with cleft palate (CP). DESIGN: Twenty-six patients underwent CP repair between 1993 and 1997. VWK and Furlow operations were used in 13 patients each. All patients were examined by the otorhinolaryngologist before and after the operations; mean follow-up time was 27.3 months. Secretory otitis media (SOM), as identified by tympanograms, was the comparison criterion used. RESULTS: The prevalence of SOM was 69% (n = 18) in all CP patients preoperatively. Among those with preoperative SOM, we did not find any statistically significant difference in the frequency of postoperative SOM between the two techniques. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there is no difference in postoperative ET function between patients undergoing either VWK or Furlow operations, in spite of the differences in muscle positioning in these operations. We discuss the implications of this finding in relation to surgical anatomy and histology of the soft palate muscles.     

Cleft palate repair: Furlow versus von Langenbeck.

The Furlow cleft palate repair using a double opposing Z-plasty appears to be very promising. In order to detect advantages and disadvantages concerning the technique as well as speech- and hearing results, the Furlow palatoplasty was compared with the classical von Langenbeck technique. Data analysis from 10 children in both groups revealed that the Furlow technique proved to be superior to the von Langenbeck technique as far as speech sound is concerned: at a mean age of 3.5 years, nasality and nasal escape were absent in almost all cases. However, there were no significant differences between the techniques in respect of articulatory skills, language comprehension, language production as well as hearing. Technically, the Furlow technique is more difficult to perform, particularly in wide clefts.     

Comparison of speech outcomes using type 2b intravelar veloplasty or furlow double-opposing Z plasty for soft palate repair of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare speech outcomes, fistula rates, and rates of secondary speech surgeries after palatoplasty using Furlow palatoplasty or type 2b intravelar veloplasty for soft palate repair.Patients and methodsPatients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had either Furlow palatoplasty or intravelar veloplasty for soft palate repair were retrospectively evaluated for demographic and perioperative variables and speech outcomes. Fistula rate, secondary surgical intervention for improved speech results, and findings of speech assessment were further reviewed for the patients who met the inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 76 patients, 36 in the Furlow palatoplasty group and 40 in the intravelar veloplasty group, were included in the study. In the speech assessment, nasalance values were statistically similar between the two groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in velopharyngeal motility (p = 0.103). The total rates of secondary surgeries and fistula were statistically similar between the groups (p = 0.347 and 0.105, respectively).ConclusionThe similar outcomes of speech and surgical evaluation between the two groups make the surgeon's preference determinant in the selection of the surgical technique for soft palate repair.     

改良旋转推进法修复先天性单侧不完全性唇裂的临床研究

目的：探讨针对单侧不完全性唇裂的修复术式,改良经典旋转推进法,并应用于临床,通过主、客观评价探讨其效果.方法：选择30例单侧不完全性唇裂患者为研究对象.应用改良法手术：7点定于患侧裂隙顶点;患侧梯形推进瓣;保留旋转推进法切除组织.对术后拆线后照片,进行主观评价WAS评分系统）;客观数据以SPSS17.0统计软件包进行配对样本t检验.结果：主观评价中除鼻孔对称性及人中嵴形态外,均值接近8.0.客观评价：术后健患侧鼻翼口角距及健患侧鼻翼唇峰距差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,其余差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.健患侧唇峰口角距、鼻底宽及鼻孔宽度对称率较术前接近1,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.人中切迹点及鼻小柱基部中点偏离程度减小,回归率高于50％.结论：改良旋转推进法修复单侧不完全性唇裂可达到良好的美观效果,术后健患侧基本对称.     

Early maxillary growth in complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients following Widmaier-Perko's, or a modified Furlow's technique of soft palate repair.

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to study the differences in early maxillary growth following the use of two techniques for soft palate repair in complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of sixty-four primary soft palate repairs, two model samples (one of each) having been matched (gender, age, cleft type, maxillary anterior and posterior width at time of soft palate repair) were selected from the groups treated according either to Furlow or to Widmaier-Perko. The Wilcoxon Test for small samples was used to test for differences. RESULTS: At the age of 4 years, posterior transverse cleft size was significantly smaller by 2.26 mm on average (SD 2.23) in the Furlow sample. The posterior maxillary segment had grown sagitally 1.5 mm (SD 0.76) more in the Furlow sample. At the age of 4 years, all other parameters, including inter-canine point and inter-tuberosity distances did not significantly differ between the two samples. CONCLUSION: Transverse posterior growth was not statistically different between the samples and seemed to be within normal limits in both. There was more sagittal growth in the posterior maxillary segment in the Furlow sample, possibly related to less fibrotic contracture in the posterior hard palate and the soft palate. The transverse posterior cleft size was more reduced in the Furlow sample. This could not be correlated with the techniques chosen to close the hard palate cleft at the age of 4 years.     

Evaluation of fistula rates in three cleft palate techniques without relaxing incisions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative fistula formation from a hybrid cleft palate repair compared to that from two well-established techniques.We performed a modified technique, Sommerlad-Furlow (SF), which combined the repositioning of the levator veli palatini muscles as described by Sommerlad with the double opposing Z-plasty of Furlow to lengthen the soft palate. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients who underwent cleft palate repair utilizing SF, Sommerlad, or Furlow techniques with the incidence of palatal fistula as the target endpoint.A total of 1,164 patients were included in the present study and underwent the following techniques: 603 cases with SF, 244 cases with Furlow, and 317 cases with Sommerlad. In addition to not requiring relaxing incisions, SF advantages included a consistently lower fistula rate compared to that of the Sommerlad technique, as well as the lowest fistula rate in patients with both hard and soft palate clefts without a cleft lip (OR:2.62 95% CI: 1.35, 5.09). However, the differences among the three techniques did not reach statistical significance in terms of a bilateral or unilateral cleft lip/palate, or in patients with a soft palate only or a submucosal cleft palate(OR: 2.22,95% CI:0.77, 6.37).Based on the results of our study, the Somerlad-Furlow technique should be preferred whenever possible.     

双Z形瓣修复腭裂的临床应用与改进

<正> 本文报告从88年以来应用双Z形瓣手术,修复62例腭裂。随访12例,多数满一年以上。语言优良率91.58％,其中正常率58.25％。认为双Z形瓣手术具有下列特点:(1)矫正了错位的腭提肌,既形成咽括约肌环,又长了软腭;(2)不需要硬腭的粘骨膜瓣后退,不在腭部做松驰切口没有马蹄形瘢痕形成。可能减少了对颌骨发育的影响;(3)腭部切口缝合后呈Z形,而不是直线,故不产生直线收缩。术后软腭形态近于常人,没有悬雍垂内陷现象;(4)口腔没有暴露创面,不需用碘纱填塞,减少了术后的组织水肿反应。所以术后病人的静脉输液及住院时间明显缩短。     

The quantitative evaluation of palatal elongation after Furlow palatoplasty.

PURPOSE: Furlow "double-opposing Z-palatoplasty" (FP) operation lengthens the soft palate by using only soft palate tissues. It is used in cleft palate repair and velopharyngeal incompetence. The aim of this study was to define the importance of the length and ratio of the soft palate elongation after FP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 17 patients who were operated on by the same surgeon using FP. The mean follow-up period time was 4.5 years. Preoperative, intraoperative, and late postoperative velar lengths were measured and elongation ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Mean intraoperative elongation and ratio were 16.11 mm and 69.05%, and mean late postoperative elongation and ratio were 12.47 mm and 55.47%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Significant and permanent elongation in velar length was obtained using the FP.     

An effect comparison between Furlow double opposing Z-plasty and two-flap palatoplasty on velopharyngeal closure

The aim of this study was to compare velopharyngeal closure between patients who underwent Furlow palatoplasty and two-flap palatoplasty. A retrospective review of 88 patients with incomplete palate cleft was performed. 48 patients (17 males; 31 females) aged 2-28 years received Furlow palatoplasty. 40 patients (17 males; 23 females) aged 2-21 years received two-flap palatoplasty. Velopharyngeal function was categorized as adequate, marginal or inadequate. Complications associated with the operation were documented. Statistically significant differences were not found amongst sex distribution, age at operation, follow-up time, and preoperative speech intelligibility. After primary repairs using Furlow and two-flap palatoplasty, the surgeon's incidence of postoperative palatal fistula was 0%. The complications were not significantly different between the two groups. The authors achieved the lowest reported incidence of postoperative palatal fistulas in primary Furlow palatoplasty. The outcomes of the velopharyngeal closure were better in patients who received Furlow palatoplasty (P<0.05). Furlow palatoplasty was more effective than two-flap palatoplasty in obtaining perfect velopharyngeal closure. A probable explanation may be that Furlow palatoplasty can reposition and overlap the divergent palatal muscle and lengthen the soft palate.