苏州市姑苏区7～9岁儿童龋病流行病学调查

目的 调查分析苏州市姑苏区7~9岁儿童龋病流行状况。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对苏州市姑苏区小学7~9岁1 452名学生进行乳牙及第一恒磨牙的龋病流行病学调查,以及第一恒磨牙的萌出和窝沟封闭情况。结果 乳牙患龋率77.69%,龋均3.706,充填率14.48%,乳牙患龋率和充填率随年龄增长呈下降趋势;第一恒磨牙患龋率21.21%,龋均0.444,充填率9.15%,恒牙患龋率和龋均8岁年龄组最低,而充填率随年龄增长呈上升趋势,总窝沟封闭率为10.74%。结论 苏州市7~9岁儿童乳牙及第一恒磨牙患龋率较高,充填率和窝沟封闭率较低,建议增加适龄儿童的窝沟封闭比例,加强口腔健康检查及随访。     

惠州市仲恺高新区6~8岁儿童口腔健康调查

目的 了解惠州市仲恺高新区6~8岁儿童患龋情况,为开展惠州市儿童龋病的防治提供依据.方法 参照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查报告》中诊断龋病的标准,检查随机抽取的32所小学1~2年级学生的口腔患龋情况.采用SPSS 14.0软件统计分析数据.结果 4390名受检儿童乳牙患龋率为67.4%,龋均为3.94;第一恒磨牙萌出率为81.5%,患龋率为24.3%,龋均为0.448,8岁儿童患龋率高于6、7岁儿童(P<0.001).结论 惠州市仲恺高新区儿童乳牙患龋严重,应加强口腔卫生宣教,防治乳牙龋病;恒磨牙患龋虽不严重,但萌出不久即罹患龋病,建议开展窝沟封闭预防恒磨牙龋坏.     

上海市12岁儿童患龋状况调查分析

目的 了解上海市12岁儿童恒牙患龋状况,为龋病预防提供科学依据。方法 采取随机抽样方法 按照WHO口腔调查基本方法 中的龋病诊断标准对全市19个区县2 519名12岁学生进行口腔检查。结果 2 519名12岁儿童的患龋率和龋均分别为36.64%和0.61。其中97.14%的龋齿发生于窝沟。男女患龋率之间有显著性差异。显著性龋均指数为1.77,龋齿充填率为24.58%,窝沟封闭率为0.52。结论 上海12岁儿童龋患呈两极化分布,龋齿主要发生于第一恒磨牙的牙合面窝沟。     

大连开发区儿童第一恒磨牙窝沟形态及龋病患病状况调查

目的 了解大连开发区7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙窝沟形态和龋病患病状况,探索第一恒磨牙窝沟形态与非成洞龋的关系。方法 采用多阶段、分层、整群抽样方法调查大连开发区7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙的窝沟形态和龋病患病状况。窝沟形态包括深度和着色情况,龋病的检查参考ICDAS标准分为成洞龋和非成洞龋。结果 总调查样本量1 160人,第一恒磨牙成洞龋患病率为19.1%,龋均为0.31,城乡、男女、不同年龄组患龋率和龋均间的差异均无统计学意义。非成洞龋患病率42.1%,龋均0.86,农村儿童龋均显著高于城市儿童,女生龋均显著高于男生,不同年龄组之间龋均无统计学差异。44.7%的人第一恒磨牙有深窝沟,非成洞龋的患病率随着窝沟深度的增加而增加。结论 大连开发区7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙的非成洞龋患病率和深窝沟率均较高,窝沟深度与非成洞龋之间存在相关性。     

四川省652名6岁儿童乳恒牙龋3年观察结果

目的 了解四川省6岁儿童2010-2012年的口腔健康状况,监测龋病的患病趋势,为四川省儿童口腔卫生保健规划提供信息和科学依据。方法 采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法抽取四川省6岁儿童652名为观察对象。根据WHO口腔健康调查基本方法,于2010-2012年连续调查3年,记录652名儿童乳恒牙的患龋状况并进行统计分析。结果 四川省652名6岁儿童2010、2011、2012年乳牙患龋率分别为74.23%（484/652）、75.61%（493/652）、81.90%（534/652）;2012年乳牙充填率最高,为5.87%（145/2 471）;城市地区儿童乳牙充填率为10.84%（133/ 1 227）,农村地区为0.96%（12/1 244）,城市地区明显高于农村地区（P<0.01）;第一恒磨牙为恒牙的主要患龋牙位;2012年第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率为14.11%（92/652）,城市和农村地区分别为25.79%（90/349）和0.66%（2/ 303）,城市地区明显高于农村地区（P<0.01）。结论 四川省6岁儿童乳恒牙患龋率均较高,随年龄增加患龋情况呈上升趋势;龋病的治疗状况较差;恒牙龋主要集中于第一恒磨牙。     

2010年北京市朝阳区12岁儿童口腔健康状况调查

目的了解北京市朝阳区12岁年龄组恒牙龋病及牙周健康状况,为朝阳区口腔卫生保健工作提供信息和依据。方法采用分层等容随机抽样的方法,抽取朝阳区12岁常住人口360人,男女各半,检查恒牙牙冠龋和牙周情况。结果 12岁组恒牙患龋率为28.61%,女生患龋率高于男生,差异有统计学意义。龋齿充填率为46.20%,龋均为0.48;第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率为45.56%;牙龈出血检出率11.94%,牙石检出率15.56%。结论朝阳区12岁年龄组患龋处于较低的流行水平,第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率较第三次全国流调全国水平明显上升,下颌第一恒磨牙患龋率显著下降。     

An oral health survey among 12-year-old children in Chaoyang district of Beijing in 2010

目的 了解北京市朝阳区12岁年龄组恒牙龋病及牙周健康状况,为朝阳区口腔卫生保健工作提供信息和依据.方法 采用分层等容随机抽样的方法,抽取朝阳区12岁常住人口360人,男女各半,检查恒牙牙冠龋和牙周情况.结果 12岁组恒牙患龋率为28.61%,女生患龋率高于男生,差异有统计学意义.龋齿充填率为46.20%,龋均为0.48;第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率为45.56%;牙龈出血检出率11.94%,牙石检出率15.56%.结论 朝阳区12岁年龄组患龋处于较低的流行水平,第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率较第三次全国流调全国水平明显上升,下颌第一恒磨牙患龋率显著下降.     

荆门市十二所小学学生第一恒磨牙龋病调查报告

目的：建立7～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙（六龄牙）患龋流行病学资料,为制定本市初级卫生保健发展战略和有效防治龋病提供科学依据。方法：采用世界卫生组织通用的龋齿调查方法,以荆门市城区十二所小学2159名学生为对象,调查第一恒磨牙患龋情况,按PEMS 3.1标准进行数据分析。结果：在2159名学生中,第一恒磨牙患龋人数625人,患龋率为28.95%,龋均1.65;患龋牙数1029颗,以12岁儿童多见;女生患龋356人,高于男生的296人,P〈0.01,有显著意义;患龋率随年龄增长而升高,9岁时达高峰;龋坏主要发生在面;下颌的患龋率高于上颌。结论：该市儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况符合龋病的一般流行病学特点。充分认识第一恒磨牙患龋对儿童的健康危害,有的放矢地指导小学生良好的口腔卫生习惯和生活饮食习惯,采取窝沟封闭、局部及全身补氟,可有效预防龋病,降低第一恒磨牙患龋率。     

乌鲁木齐市7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病及萌出情况调查

目的:调查新疆乌鲁木齐市7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋和萌出状况,为龋病的防治工作提供参考。方法:采用全国第二次口腔健康流行病学调查方法,统计第一恒磨牙患龋率、龋均,龋面均、未萌出率。分析年龄、性别与患龋率的关系,以及龋病的好发牙位、牙面。结果:2 422名儿童恒磨牙总患龋率为18.04%,龋均0.32,龋面均0.52,未萌出率11.23%;女生患龋率略高于男生,且随年龄升高而上升;7岁组患龋率和龋均最低;上颌好发于牙合面、舌腭面,下颌好发于牙合面、颊面。结论:乌鲁木齐7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋损呈上升趋势。应加强口腔卫生指导,积极预防并早期治疗恒磨牙龋病。     

2016年哈尔滨市香坊区8周岁城镇小学生龋病流行状况调查

目的 2016年10月调查哈尔滨市香坊区8周岁城镇小学生龋病流行现状,并与2015年7周岁该人群调查结果作对比,分析1年来8周岁人群龋病流行趋势。方法采用普查的方法,对哈尔滨市香坊区10所城镇小学共1 915名8周岁学龄儿童(小学三年级)乳、恒牙患龋状况、第一恒磨牙萌出及窝沟封闭情况进行调查。结果 8周岁城镇学龄儿童患龋率为91.23%,其中乳牙患龋率为88.36%,龋均、龋面均分别为5.49、10.21,充填率为31.95%。恒牙患龋率为41.67%(男生38.30%、女生45.74%,差异有统计学意义)。龋均、龋面均分别为0.95、0.96。第一恒磨牙萌出率为98.08%,封闭率为63.71%,封闭剂保留率为84.50%,以上数值均较2015年7周岁人群调查数值有所提高。结论 2016年复查哈尔滨市香坊区8周岁城镇小学生患龋情况较2015年呈上升趋势,第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率较2015年有较大提高。     

Dental caries status and treatment needs of the permanent dentition of 6–12-year-olds in Hong Kong

An oral health survey was conducted in 1986 on a representative sample of primary school children in Hong Kong. 1483 Chinese children of both sexes, aged 6-12 yr, attending 56 primary schools were surveyed. The DMFT index for the 6-yr-olds was 0.1, and for the 12-yr-olds it was 1.5. Forty percent of the 12-yr-olds were clinically caries-free. The permanent molars constituted 90% of the total caries experience of the 12-yr-olds. Over 90% of the caries lesions were found in pits and fissures. The dental caries treatment need in the permanent dentition was low and of the simple type. A great reduction in the dental caries experience of the permanent dentition of children has occurred since the introduction of water fluoridation 25 yr ago. In addition to treatment care, preventive measures should be provided by the School Dental Care Service for children with a high caries risk.     

Caries experience variables as indicators in caries risk assessment in 6-7-year-old Chinese children

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to investigate variables of the past caries experience as indicators of future caries in a Chinese child population. METHODS: Caries was recorded at baseline and 2 years later in 433, 6-7-year-old Chinese children. Correlation coefficients between variables of the past caries experience and caries increment were calculated. Stepwise logistic regression analyses provided predictor variables. ROC curves presenting sensitivity as function of (100-specificity) were employed to summarize the obtained information. The area under the ROC curves was used as a measure of predictive accuracy. RESULTS: Twelve variables of baseline caries experience had a significant (p相似文献   

恒磨牙窝沟釉质表面结构扫描电镜观察

目的观察未萌牙、初萌牙、成年牙咬合面窝沟和光滑面釉质表面的超微结构,比较窝沟釉质表面在萌出前后不同时期的变化。方法用激光龋齿检测仪和显微放射照相法确定咬合面窝沟无龋损的未萌牙6颗、初萌牙7颗、成年牙5颗为研究样本。劈开窝沟,对其窝沟釉质壁的表面及颊面釉质进行扫描电镜观察。结果①未萌牙窝沟侧壁釉质表面可见明显的釉质横纹,釉柱末端凹陷明显并分布有大量的微孔和灶性孔,类似蜂窝状,与颊面釉质表面无明显差别。②初萌牙窝沟侧壁釉质表面表现与未萌牙基本一致,颊面微孔减少。③成年牙窝沟侧壁上部釉质表面可见明显的表浅凹陷,可见少量的微孔,表面较光滑,较致密;窝沟下部的釉质表面结构较疏松,存在较多的微孔和灶性孔,呈蜂窝状结构,与未萌牙相似。结论在未萌牙、初萌牙、成年牙窝沟侧壁下部存在多孔状釉质发育缺陷。成年牙窝沟上部的釉质表面结构接近其颊面,与窝沟底部相比有较大差别,提示窝沟上部釉质在牙萌出后出现修复现象。     

The effect of fluoride gel on incipient carious lesions in a low-caries child population

OBJECTIVES: Secondary analyses were performed to study the cariostatic efficacy of semi-annual professional fluoride gel application on incipient carious lesions in low-caries children initially aged 9.5-11.5 years. METHODS: Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. RESULTS: The mean treatment effect of fluoride gel for enamel and dentinal caries lesions after 4 years' follow-up was 0.92 D(2,3)FS and 0.20 D(3)FS, respectively. When enamel lesions were included in the DFS count (i.e. D(2,3)FS), the preventive fraction (PF) showed borderline significance (23%; P = 0.05). No significant treatment effect of professionally applied fluoride gel was found for D(2,3)FS and D(3)FS scores of the second molars. The PF for D(2,3)FS of occlusal, approximal, buccal and lingual surfaces and for buccal and palatal pits and fissures differed not significantly. CONCLUSION: Professionally applied fluoride gel showed no statistically significant caries-inhibiting effect on both enamel and dentine lesions in the permanent dentition of low-caries children.     

Caries prevalence in primary teeth as a predictor of early fissure caries in permanent first molars

The study aimed to examine the validity of employing the caries experience of the primary dentition for predicting early caries in the permanent first molar fissures. Subjects consisted of 192 children who were followed for 2 yr, 91 of whom were pursued for a further year, all receiving semiannual check-ups. The caries prevalence in the primary dentition (dmft), excluding incisors, was recorded at baseline, which was the year the children became 6. Fissure caries in the permanent first molars was recorded as being confined to enamel or dentin, based on findings during cavity preparation. The correlation between dmft and the number of intact permanent first molars was -0.368 and -0.337 after 2 and 3 yr observation respectively. When the children were grouped according to their dmft, a statistically significant relationship was found between the dmft and the number of intact molars in each individual. The positive and negative predictive values as well as the sensitivity and specificity of different dmft values were calculated, and the relationship between them illustrated by the use of ROC curves. Even if there are no specific dmft values which seem obviously favorable for the purpose, these data give information relevant in planning for large scale use of fissure sealing in preventing early fissure caries in permanent first molars.     

Common dental conditions associated with dental erosion in schoolchildren in Australia

PURPOSE: The purpose of the investigation was to determine factors associated with dental erosion in a group of schoolchildren in Queensland, Australia. METHODS: Dental examinations were carried out on 714 children aged 5.5 to 14.6 years from 8 randomly selected Australian schools. A total of 3,165 primary and 2,976 permanent teeth were scored for dental erosion using a modified erosion index. Dental caries experience was determined from clinical examination and bitewing radiographs. Enamel defects were recorded using the developmental defects of enamel index. RESULTS: There were 225 children (32%) who exhibited no erosion and 489 (68%) who had erosion of at least one tooth. Erosion was found in 78% of subjects with primary teeth and 25% of subjects with permanent teeth (P<.001). Children with erosion in the primary and permanent dentition were more likely to have: (1) a lower socioeconomic status (primary dentition, P<.001 and permanent dentition (P<.001); (2) enamel hypoplasia in permanent dentition (P=.001); (3) dental caries in the primary dentition (P=.001); and (4) permanent dentition (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: In Australian schoolchildren, the prevalence of dental erosion in the primary dentition is approximately 3 times greater than in the permanent dentition. Dental erosion is strongly associated with caries experience and enamel hypoplasia.     

The oral health of children with clefts of the lip, palate, or both.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, developmental defects of enamel, and related factors in children with clefts. DESIGN: This cross-sectional prevalence study used standard dental indices for assessment. SETTING: Children underwent a dental examination under standard conditions of seating and lighting in the outpatient department of a dental hospital as part of an ongoing audit to monitor clinical outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one children aged 4, 8, and 12 years were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Dental caries were assessed by use of the decayed, missing, and filled index for primary teeth (dmft); Decayed, Missing, and Filled index for permanent teeth (DMFT) according to the criteria as used in the national survey of children's dental health in the United Kingdom. Developmental defects were assessed using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (Clarkson and O'Mullane, 1989). Dental erosion was assessed using the criteria derived for the national survey of children's dental health. RESULTS: Caries prevalence increased with age; 63% of patients at 4 years and 34% at 12 years were caries free. The mean dmft for the 4-year-olds was 1.3 with a mean DMFT for the 12-year-olds of 1.8. All the 4-year-olds had evidence of erosion of enamel in the primary teeth (incisors and first molars) and 56% of the 12-year-olds had erosion of permanent teeth (incisors and first permanent molars). Developmental defects of enamel became more prevalent with age, with at least one opacity in 56% of 4-year-olds and 100% of 12-year-olds. Hypoplasia was not found in the primary dentition but affected permanent teeth in 38% of 8-year-olds and 23% of the 12-year-olds. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that dental disease is prevalent in these patients. These assessments not only provide a baseline on oral health parameters in young people with clefts but underline the need for a more aggressive approach to prevention of oral disease to optimize clinical outcome.     

Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition of pre-school children

Developmental defects of the enamel (D.D.E.) are changes in the deciduous dentition that have been little studied in Brazil, although they lead to aesthetic problems, dental sensitivity and may be predictors of dental caries. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of D.D.E. in the deciduous dentition of pre-school children in the municipality of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in 2003. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 431 children aged 3 to 5 enrolled in public day care centres. All of the teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed according to the Modified DDE Index (FDI, 1992). The prevalence of D.D.E. was 24.4% (CI 95% 20.3-28.5). Diffuse opacities were the most common defects found (17.9%), followed by hypoplasia (11.1%) and demarcated opacities (6.1%). The most affected teeth were the second molars (44.4%), followed by the first molars (23.5%). Defects were observed more frequently in the upper arch (58.2%). Assessing enamel hypoplasia separately, a prevalence of 15.1% (CI 95% 11.7-18.5) was observed, with the most affected teeth being the canines (33.6%) and second molars (33.6%). One quarter of the pre-school children presented enamel defects, with diffuse opacities being the most prevalent ones.     

Dental caries and associated factors in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6-13 years

The objectives of the present study were to establish dental caries prevalence (percentage with caries) and experience in the primary and permanent dentition (dmft and DMFT) of 6 to 13-year-old schoolchildren in Campeche, Mexico, and to estimate the contributing roles of the likely risk indicators. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,644 children aged 6-13 years. Self-administered questionnaires obtained information on social, economic, behavioral, and demographic variables. The primary dentition of 1,309 children and the permanent dentition of 1,640 children were evaluated in the oral examinations. The main outcome measures were DMFT, dmft, and SiC indices. Data were modeled using logistic regression analysis. The overall caries prevalence was 77.4%, 73.6% in the primary dentition (61.6% in 6-year-olds), and 49.4% in the permanent dentition. The dmft and DMFT indices were 2.85+/-2.73 and 1.44+/-2.05, respectively (DMFT = 3.11+/-2.62 in 12-year-olds). The SiC index was 6.05 at 12 years of age. Associated variables to dental caries in both dentitions were presence of enamel defects, presence of dental plaque, low socio-economic status, female sex, and older age. Mother's schooling was negatively associated (OR = 0.95) with caries in primary dentition. Caries experience in the primary dentition (OR = 6.02) was positively associated with caries in the permanent dentition. Dental caries status in these Mexican children was closer to the goals proposed by the WHO/FDI for 2000 than previous studies. This study has identified clinical, socio-economic, and behavioral determinants for dental caries in primary and permanent dentition on Mexican schoolchildren.