荧光原位杂交在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的应用

目的探讨3,7,17号染色体及9p21(p16基因)组合探针在监测膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发及诊断膀胱尿路上皮癌的应用价值。方法利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测膀胱尿路上皮癌患者的尿脱落细胞及组织切片中3,7,17号染色体及9p21组合的畸变情况。结果FISH监测膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发的敏感度为87.50%;术前FISH阳性的患者术后更易复发;FISH诊断膀胱尿路上皮癌的阳性率为78.85％。结论利用FISH检测尿脱落细胞中3,7,17号染色体及9p21组合的畸变能有效辅助监测膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发;并可能在一定程度上预测术后复发;同时利用FISH检测组织切片中3,7,17号染色体及9p21组合的畸变也能有效辅助膀胱尿路上皮癌的诊断。     

荧光原位杂交技术在膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤病理学诊断中的初步应用

目的应用荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术,了解膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤细胞核染色体畸变情况及其对病理诊断及鉴别诊断的应用价值。方法采用3、7、17号染色体着丝粒及p16基因探针,对33例不同级别膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤组织和10例正常对照膀胱组织进行FISH检测。结果 3、7、17染色体及p16扩增率与缺失率,浸润性尿路上皮癌与其他5组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;而其他各组间比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,4种探针联合检测≥2个指标出现异常,浸润性尿路上皮癌占100%,与其他5组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;该指标对浸润性尿路上皮癌诊断敏感性为81.82%、特异性为91.67%。结论应用FISH技术,可以了解膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤组织3、7、17染色体及p16基因的畸变情况,FISH技术还可作为尿路上皮肿瘤病理学诊断与鉴别诊断及术后监测的重要手段。     

应用荧光原位杂交技术诊断尿路上皮癌的临床研究

背景与目的：尿路上皮癌是一种最常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,尿细胞学检查是诊断尿路上皮癌的经典方法,虽然特异度较高,但是敏感度偏低。目前荧光原位杂交技术（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）计数分裂间期细胞的染色体倍数已成功应用于遗传学和肿瘤学研究领域。本研究旨在评价FISH在诊断尿路上皮癌中的诊断价值。方法：采用FISH检测100例血尿患者尿脱落细胞中3、7、9和17号染色体数目异常,以组织病理确诊为尿路上皮癌为金标准,评估FISH诊断的特异度和敏感度,并与尿细胞学检查结果做比较。结果：FISH诊断尿路上皮癌特异度为92.3%,敏感度为74.7%;尿细胞学诊断特异度为100%,敏感度为46.0%。两者相比,敏感度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而特异度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：与尿细胞学相比,FISH诊断尿路上皮癌具有较高的特异度和相似的特异度敏感度,可作为诊断尿路上皮癌的新方法。     

荧光原位杂交在尿路上皮癌诊断中的应用

目的:检测尿路上皮肿瘤患者尿液脱落细胞染色体的缺失和非整倍异常,探讨FISH技术作为尿路上皮肿瘤患者无创诊断方法的价值.方法:收集可疑尿路上皮肿瘤患者和健康对照人群的新鲜尿液,同步进行细胞形态学分析及荧光原位杂交(Fluorescencein situ hybridization,FISH)检测3号、7号及17号染色体、9号染色体p16位点异常.共入选可疑尿路上皮肿瘤患者100例,正常健康对照组20例,采用正常对照组患者各染色体异常数据设定阈值用于肿瘤患者的实验室诊断.根据检验结果与病理结果对照分别计算FISH和脱落细胞的敏感度和特异度并进行统计学分析.结果:与正常对照组相比,尿路上皮肿瘤患者尿液脱落细胞染色体异常明显增多.尿脱落细胞学的敏感度和特异度分别为71%和80%,FISH的敏感度和特异度分别为88%和80%(P<0.01).根据两种检测方法的敏感度和特异度绘制的接受者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示尿脱落细胞学和FISH的曲线下面积分别为0.758和0.842.结论:对可疑尿路上皮肿瘤的患者进行FISH检测是一种有价值的无创检测方法.FISH的总体敏感度高于尿脱落细胞学,特异度与尿脱落细胞学相当.     

应用荧光原位杂交技术检测膀胱癌的研究

目的应用荧光原位杂交((fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术检测膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞中染色体异常,评估FISH在中国人群中诊断膀胱癌的作用。方法2007年1月至2008年8月,随机留取20例良性前列腺增生症患者的新鲜尿液,用3号和7号、17号及p16位两组混合探针,通过在尿液脱落细胞标本上进行FISH检测,建立正常人群的阈值;其后随机留取30例门诊膀胱镜活检证实的膀胱癌患者的尿液,同时进行尿液脱落细胞的细胞形态学分析及FISH检测,对比检查结果。结果3号、7号和17号染色体非整倍性改变及p16位点异常正常阈值分别为8.5%、7.1%、6.8%和9.2%,FISH与细胞学检查总敏感性分别为76.6%和43.3%(P<0.05)。T_(is)及T_a、T_1患者FISH检测的敏感性分别为80.0%和64.2%,脱落细胞组织学检测显示敏感性分别为40.0%和35.7%;T_(2-3)患者FISH的敏感性为90.9%,而脱落细胞组织学检测为54.7%(P<0.05),低级别尿路上皮癌FISH及细胞学敏感性分别为68.4%和31.6%;高级别分别为90.9%和63.6%。结论与尿液脱落细胞组织学检测相比,对尿液脱落细胞进行FISH检测可以提高膀胱癌的诊断率,FISH可以作为诊断膀胱癌的一种无创伤的新方法。     

膀胱癌荧光原位杂交检测及其临床意义

目的:分析膀胱移行细胞癌的染色体畸变情况,探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在膀胱癌的临床应用价值.方法:采用3、7、17号染色体着丝粒探针和9号染色体p16基因位点探针对56例膀胱移行细胞癌患者和20名健康人群的新鲜尿液进行FISH检测,统计染色体的畸变并分析其与病理分级、分期的关系.对所有病例同步进行尿细胞学分析.结果:膀胱癌患者尿脱落细胞核中3、7、17号染色体及9号染色体p16基因畸变率分别为58.9%、39.3%、58.9%和75.0%,各染色体畸变在膀胱癌不同分期之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3、7、17号染色体畸变在不同分级之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),四染色体探针组合诊断膀胱癌的总阳性率为80.4%;膀胱癌尿脱落细胞的FISH检出率明显高于尿细胞形态学.结论:膀胱癌的发生发展与染色体的畸变有关,膀胱癌尿脱落细胞的FISH检测,对膀胱癌的早期诊断、预后评估及复发监测等具有重要价值.     

多色荧光原位杂交在膀胱尿路I皮癌诊断中的应用

背景与目的:膀胱尿路上皮癌是我国泌尿生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤.本研究旨在分析中国人膀胱尿路上皮癌中染色体畸变的情况,探讨多色荧光原位杂交(multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization,M-FISH)技术辅助诊断膀胱尿路上皮癌的可行性和有效性.方法:用随机引物法标记3、7、17号染色体着丝粒及9p21区带探针,对57例膀胱尿路上皮癌间期细胞核进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH),统计染色体畸变情况并分析其与病理分期、分级的关系以及染色体畸变组合诊断膀胱尿路上皮癌的阳性率.结果:3、7、17号染色体和9p21的畸变率分别为47.4%(27/57)、50.9%(29/57)、56.1%(32/57)和59.6%(34/57),畸变与分期无相关性,3、7和17号染色体畸变与病理分级有显著相关性(P＜0.01).四个探针组合诊断膀胱尿路上皮癌的总阳性率为54.4%.结论:M-FISH技术检测有助于探索3、7、17号染色体畸变与病理分级的关系.     

双色荧光原位杂交技术在膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

 目的 探讨双色荧光原位杂交技术（FISH)诊断膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法 标记为3,7,17号染色体着丝粒及9号染色体p16位点9p21区带探针,采用FISH对80例膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤患者尿液间期细胞核进行荧光原位杂交,同时选取20例健康体检者作为正常对照组,建立阈值,以组织病理结果作为诊断“金标准”,统计染色体畸变情况,分析其与病理分期、分级的关系以及染色体畸变组合诊断膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤的敏感性。结果 3、7、17号染色体和9p21的畸变率分别为47.5%（38/80）、60.7%（49/80）、51.3%（41/80）和58.8%（47/80）,3、7、9和17号染色体联合检测膀胱癌的阳性率为76.3%(61/80),畸变和肿瘤分期无相关性,3、7、17号染色体与肿瘤病理分级有显著相关性（P﹤0.05）。 结论 膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤的进展可能与染色体的畸变有关,FISH可以作为膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤诊断的一项重要方法,并可能在术后监测复发以及预后判断中具有重要临床意义。     

RT-PCR法检测尿脱落细胞中XIAP的表达在膀胱癌诊断中的价值

目的：比较膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞中XIAP表达的RT-PCR检测法和常规尿脱落细胞病理学检测在膀胱癌诊断中的临床价值。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术（RT-PCR）检测51例膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿液脱落细胞中XIAP-mRNA的表达,同时行常规尿脱落细胞病理学检测,20例非肿瘤人员作为对照组。结果：实验组51例尿脱落细胞XIAP-mRNA RT-PCR检测阳性27例（53%）,尿脱落细胞学病理学检测阳性12例（24%）,对照组20例尿脱落细胞XIAP-mRNA检测阳性1例（5.0%）,对照组尿脱落细胞病理学检测阳性0例（0%）。实验组RT-PCR检测膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿脱落细胞中XIAP表达的敏感性高于尿脱落细胞病理学检测,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）,实验组RT-PCR检测膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿中XIAP表达的敏感性显著高于非肿瘤对照组,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：膀胱尿路上皮癌患者尿脱落细胞中XIAP表达的RT-PCR检测法较常规尿脱落细胞病理学检测更敏感,临床上作为膀胱癌的筛选方法,有一定的临床价值。     

膀胱移行细胞癌的分子细胞遗传学研究

目的　分析膀胱移行细胞癌的染色体畸变。方法　采用 7,9,11,17号染色体着丝粒探针对 34例膀胱移行细胞癌患者尿液、30例膀胱冲洗液的脱落细胞核进行荧光原位杂交 (fluorescenceinsituhybridization ,FISH )研究 ,并同时做了细胞学检查。结果　 (1)膀胱癌患者尿液脱落细胞核中 7,9,11,17号染色体数目畸变阳性率分别为 2 3.5 %、38.2 %、14.7%和 11.8% ;冲洗液中各号染色体畸变阳性率分别为 30 .0 %、5 0 .0 %、2 6 .7%和 16 .7%。其中 9号染色体畸变率较高 ,但与膀胱癌分级、分期无明显关系 ;7号染色体数目畸变与膀胱癌的分期密切相关 ;11,17号染色体数目畸变与膀胱癌分级、分期无显著相关性。 (2 )膀胱癌患者尿液组中尿细胞学、FISH阳性率分别为 2 9.4%和 5 5 .9% ,两种方法联合后阳性率达 6 7.6 % ;膀胱冲洗液组中阳性率则分别为 2 7.6 %和 73.7% ,两种方法联合后阳性率达 80 .0 %。结论　膀胱癌的发生发展与染色体的畸变有关。FISH检测膀胱癌患者尿液、冲洗液脱落细胞间期核染色体数目畸变 ,有可能作为膀胱癌诊断、预后判断的一项辅助方法。     

The effects of the current World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathologists bladder neoplasm classification system on urine cytology results

BACKGROUND: Historically, the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma has been low, particularly for low-grade lesions. In 1998, the World Health Organization and International Society of Urologic Pathologists (WHO/ISUP) established a new classification system for urothelial neoplasms. It has been postulated that the accuracy of urine cytology for the detection of low-grade carcinomas should improve, because the current WHO/ISUP system classifies bladder lesions that lack any significant cytologic atypia as papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Also, the accuracy of urinary cytology for the detection of high-grade lesions is expected to decrease, because the criteria for high-grade lesions is lowered, placing most of the previous WHO Grade 2 tumors into the current high-grade carcinoma category.METHODS: One hundred bladder biopsies that were classified according to the previous WHO classification system were examined by one pathologist and were reclassified according to the new WHO/ISUP scheme. All biopsies had corresponding urine specimens that had been diagnosed previously by a different cytopathologists. The patients' previous WHO and current WHO/ISUP surgical diagnoses were compared with the corresponding urine cytology. In addition, cytospins obtained from 40 patients with a histologic diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma (n = 20 patients) and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (n = 20 patients) according to the WHO/ISUP classification system were reviewed to identify any outstanding cytologic features.RESULTS: According to the original WHO classification system, there were 26 patients with Grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), 61 patients with Grade 2 TCC, and 13 patients with Grade 3 TCC. The corresponding cytology was positive in 11 of 26 Grade 1 tumors, 28 of 61 Grade 2 tumors, and 12 of 13 Grade 3 tumors. After the reclassification, there was 1 papilloma, 12 PUNLMP lesions, 50 low-grade urothelial carcinomas, and 37 high-grade carcinomas. The cytology was positive in 0 of 1 papillomas, 5 of 7 PUNLMP lesions, 18 of 50 low-grade carcinomas, and 28 of 37 high-grade carcinomas. In addition, morphologic uniformity and cytoplasmic homogeneity (50.0% and 45.0%, respectively) were seen more commonly in low-grade bladder tumors.CONCLUSIONS:The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology for high-grade lesions decreased, as expected; however, cytologic detection of low-grade urothelial carcinomas was remarkably lower than expected. In addition, no outstanding cytologic features could be identified to make a definitive diagnosis.     

Cytokeratin 20 as an immunocytochemical marker for detection of urothelial carcinoma in atypical cytology: preliminary retrospective study on archived urine slides

Previous studies have shown that expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20), a constituent of intermediate filaments, is increased in malignant versus benign urine samples. To evaluate whether immunocytochemical staining of CK20 on archived urine slides could be used as a potential adjunct marker for triage of atypical urine cytology, we analyzed a total of 77 archived urine slides obtained from a spectrum of patients with various risks of developing urothelial carcinoma. These patients were divided into four groups on the basis of initial urine cytologic results and subsequent follow-up biopsy findings; group 1 had negative results in both evaluations, whereas the results in group 4 were positive for both cytology and biopsy. Groups 2 and 3 had a diagnosis of atypical urine cytology; however, patients in group 3 had a positive follow-up biopsy, and patients in group 2 did not. The Papanicolaou-stained archived urine slides were destained and then restained immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibody against CK20. With 5% positively stained nonumbrella cells as a threshold, CK20 was positive in 94.4% of group 3 or 4 patients. In contrast, CK20 was positive in 27.3% of group 2 patients and in 10.5% of group 1 patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity for CK20 for the detection of urothelial carcinoma in this population of patients were 94.4% and 80.5%, respectively. This study demonstrated that immunocytochemical analysis of CK20 on archived urine slides could be used to triage atypical urine cytology into low- and high-risk categories and that CK20 might be a simple and useful early detection marker for urothelial carcinoma.     

Examination of Diagnostic Accuracy of UroVysion Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Bladder Cancer in a Single Community of Japanese Hospital Patients

Objective: UroVysion (Abbott Molecular, Inc., Illinois, USA) is based on multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). It has been used successfully in the USA following its Food and Drug Administration approval in 2001. However,the technology was not approved for use in Japan until 2017. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the most frequentlyused examinations to detect bladder cancer in Japan, and there are only a few reports regarding the performance ofUroVysion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of UroVysion FISH in Japanesepatients whose tumors are detected by cystoscopy before transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Methods:From April 2018 to July 2018, a total of 40 patients who were diagnosed as having bladder tumors by cystoscopy, andtherefore underwent TURBT were registered in this study. One day before TURBT, urine cytology and UroVysionFISH were used in order to compare the accuracy with which they could detect bladder carcinoma, as confirmed bypathological results of TURBT. Results: The pathological results of TURBT showed urothelial carcinoma in 33 cases.Urine cytology showed positive results for 0 cases (0%), suspicious results for 10 cases (30.3%), and negative resultsfor 23 cases (69.7%). On the other hand, UroVysion FISH indicated 9 positive cases (27.3%) and 24 negative cases(72.7%). There were 19 cases of urothelial carcinoma (57.6%) that were not detected by either method. Conclusion:We conclude that UroVysion FISH alone is insufficient to detect bladder cancer and that cystoscopy is essential for theoptimum detection or follow up of bladder cancer cases in our hospital.     

Reflex UroVysion testing in suspicious urine cytology cases

BACKGROUND:

UroVysion is a US Food and Drug Administration–approved fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe set for use in the detection of recurrent urothelial carcinoma and in patients with hematuria. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of UroVysion as a reflex test in patients with a suspicious urine cytology diagnosis. The rationale was that a more aggressive workup might be indicated in patients with a suspicious cytology diagnosis and positive UroVysion test.

METHODS:

The study population included 161 urine specimens diagnosed as suspicious over a period of 12 months. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (NPV) were calculated based on the histologic and cystoscopic correlation.

RESULTS:

The results using the reporting criteria suggested by the manufacturer demonstrated a sensitivity of 68.3%, a specificity of 39.7%, a PPV of 56.8%, and a NPV of 51.9%. The results using the presence of any cytogenetic abnormality as a positive FISH test demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.9%, a specificity of 21.7%, a PPV of 54.8%, and an NPV of 51.7%.

CONCLUSIONS:

A negative UroVysion test did not rule out the presence of low‐grade or high‐grade urothelial carcinoma in urine specimens diagnosed as suspicious. The use of less strict criteria dramatically increased the sensitivity of UroVysion FISH; however, there was a marked decrease in specificity noted. The results in this current study appear to indicate that a more aggressive workup of patients with a suspicious cytology, positive UroVysion result, and negative cystoscopic evaluation is not currently justified. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

DNA image cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for noninvasive detection of urothelial tumors in voided urine

BACKGROUND: Cystoscopy and histologic examination remain the standard methods for initial tumor diagnosis and monitoring for early detection of recurrences, since the sensitivity of conventional urinary cytology for the detection of urothelial tumors in urinary specimens is low. DNA image cytometry (ICM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been suggested as ancillary tools. The goal of the current study was to compare the diagnostic value of DNA image cytometry and FISH for the noninvasive detection of urothelial tumors in voided urine. METHODS: Cytospin preparations were prepared from voided urine collected prior to the resection of 26 noninvasive (pTa) and 11 invasive (pT1-2) tumors. Specimens from 14 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were used as negative controls. DNA ICM was performed using the AUTOCYTE trade mark cell analytical system on Feulgen-stained cytospin specimens. The commercially available UroVysion trade mark FISH multiprobe was used to analyze chromosomes 3, 7, and 17, and 9p21. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of cytology improved from 24% to 54% and to 78% if supplemented by ICM or FISH, respectively. Image cytometry detected all invasive tumors (pT1-2), while FISH missed one; FISH identified 19 of 26 (73%) pTa tumors, while only 9 (35%) of these tumors were aneuploid by ICM. The results of ICM and FISH were concordant in 37 of 51 (72%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows that both FISH and ICM can successfully be used as supplementary methods to detect the clinically most relevant group of invasive bladder carcinomas. However, UroVysion FISH is more sensitive in the detection of pTa tumors than ICM, as it recognizes individual chromosomal alterations that frequently prevail in urothelial tumors.     

Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Urothelial Carcinomas using Urine Samples

Urinary cells obtained from voided urine specimens of 46 patients with urothelial carcinomas (UCs) and 10normal individuals were analyzed with 3 different centromeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes.The overall sensitivity of cytology was 48.9% compared to 95.7%with the FISH technique. The minimumvalues were found for stage Ta and grade 1 (90.5 and 89.4) and sensitivity of FISH in other stages and gradeswas 100%. Chromosome 3 demonstrated the most frequent chromosomal abnormality in all samples (43%),followed by chromosome 17 (32%) and chromosome 7 (25%). There was a statistically significant associationbetween the number of cell abnormalities in chromosome 17 and the tumour stage (p value=0.02). No relationshipwas found between the type of chromosomal abnormality and grade. Thus feasibility and reliability of a FISHbased approach was confirmed for detection of UC in urine samples.     

Combined morphologic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of voided urine samples for the detection and follow‐up of bladder cancer in patients with benign urine cytology

BACKGROUND.

Bladder cancer is among the 5 most common malignancies worldwide. Patients with bladder cancer are closely followed with periodic cystoscopies and urine cytology analyses due to the significant risk of tumor recurrence. The UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test demonstrated higher sensitivity over urine cytology in detecting bladder cancer by most comparative studies.

METHODS.

In the current study, the diagnostic usefulness of a combined cytology and FISH analysis approach was tested using the Duet automatic scanning system in patients with benign urine cytology who were being monitored for recurrent urothelial carcinoma or being assessed for various urologic symptoms.

RESULTS.

By combining the benefits of conventional cytology with molecular diagnostics, a more sensitive detection of bladder cancer was attained. All patients who had positive cystoscopy concomitantly with urine sampling were detected by combined analysis. Additional patients that developed transitional cell carcinoma during a follow‐up period of 24 months had a previous positive result on combined analysis. Only 2 patients with a negative combined analysis result presented with late disease recurrence (20 months and 22 months, respectively, after the negative test). Therefore, negative combined analysis was found to be predictive of a lack of disease recurrence for at least 12 months. In this timeframe, the overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive values of the combined analysis test were 100%, 65%, 100%, and 44%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS.

Given the absolute sensitivity and NPV of the combined analysis test, the management of patients with a negative combined analysis result might be revised and allow for more flexible assessment and management of bladder cancer patients relying more on urine bound tests. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.     

Comparison of ImmunoCyt,UroVysion, and urine cytology in detection of recurrent urothelial carcinoma

BACKGROUND:

ImmunoCyt (uCyt) and UroVysion are ancillary studies that may aid in the detection of urothelial carcinoma in urine specimens. We compared ImmunoCyt and UroVysion to urine cytology in the ability to detect recurrent urothelial carcinoma.

METHODS:

Single voided urine samples were obtained from 100 patients who had a previous history of bladder cancer. All patients underwent cystoscopy immediately after urine sample collection. Forty‐one cystoscopically suspicious lesions were biopsied. Urine samples were divided and processed blindly and independently in 3 different laboratories for ImmunoCyt, UroVysion, and urine cytology (ThinPrep method).

RESULTS:

Of the 41 cystoscopically positive cases, most cystoscopy findings showed multiple tumors that were papillary and less than 1 cm. Biopsies showed many low‐grade tumors (54%). Overall sensitivity of cytology for low‐ and high‐grade urothelial cell carcinoma was 15% and 27%, whereas ImmunoCyt was 62% and 91% and UroVysion was 8% and 18%, respectively. Overall specificity of cytology was 97%, whereas ImmunoCyt was 63% and UroVysion was 90%.

CONCLUSIONS:

ImmunoCyt is more sensitive than either cytology or UroVysion in detecting low‐grade tumors. Both cytology and UroVysion have comparable specificity in cystoscopically negative cases. Whereas ImmunoCyt may improve the cytological detection of recurrent bladder cancer, UroVysion may be used as a confirmatory test for either cytology or ImmunoCyt. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.