急性肾功能衰竭与氧化损伤

目的测定急性肾功能衰竭患者体内自由基异常反应诱导的氧化损伤。方法采用随机对照研究设计,选择50例急性肾功能衰竭患者(ARF)和50例健康成人志愿者(HAV)。用分光光度测量法分别检测血浆一氧化氮(NO),维生素C(V_C),维生素E(V_E),β-胡萝卜素(β-CAR),血浆和红细胞过氧化脂质(LPO)以及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的活性。结果与HAV比较,ARF的血浆NO浓度、血浆和红细胞LPO浓度明显增高(P＜0．01),而血浆V_C、V_E、β-CAR浓度和红细胞SOD、CAT、GPX活性明显下降(P＜0．01)。直线相关分析显示,ARF随着血浆NO水平、血浆和红细胞LPO水平增高,以及血浆V_C、V_E、β-CAR水平和红细胞SOD、CAT和GPX活性下降,血清尿素氮和肌酐水平逐渐增高(P＜0．01)。判别分析显示,ARF的判别正确率为75．3%～93%,HAV为70%～91．3%,逐步判别分析显示,ARF的判别正确率提高到99．2%,HAV提高到100%。可靠性分析显示,ARF的可靠系数(α)为0．816,标准系数α为0．972,P＜0．01。结论在ARF体内,一系列自由基连锁反应呈现严重病理变化,其结果导致氧化损伤,加速肾功能恶化。因此,在ARF的治疗上,加用抗氧化剂非常必要。     

肌腱蛋白C与肝移植术后肝损伤的关系及其检测的价值

目的 明确肝移植术后患者早期血清肌腱蛋白C(TNC)水平变化规律,探讨其与移植肝损伤的关系及检测价值.方法 将2015年2月至2018年5月于空军军医大学西京医院行肝移植治疗的37例患者纳入研究.检测纳入研究者术前,术后1、3、5、7 d的血清TNC水平.依据肝功能不全分级标准将患者分为轻度肝损伤组(17例)和重度肝损伤组(20例).采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测上述患者不同时间点的血清TNC水平.采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清TNC水平对移植肝损伤的预测价值.对血清TNC水平与患者早期移植物功能评分(MEAF)、术后住院时间的相关性进行分析.结果 两组间术前血清TNC水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后各检测时间点,重度肝损伤组TNC水平均高于轻度肝损伤组(P<0.05).ROC曲线分析显示,血清TNC水平用于移植肝损伤预测的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.888,最佳临界值为1489 pg/mL.血清TNC水平与MEAF评分、患者住院时间均呈正相关(r=0.33、0.38,P<0.05).结论 肝移植术后早期血清TNC水平与移植肝损伤程度有关,对肝移植术后肝损伤程度的预测有一定价值.     

严重多发伤后免疫紊乱与急性胃肠功能损伤间的关系

目的:探讨严重多发伤患者伤后免疫紊乱与急性胃肠功能损伤（acute gastrointestinal injury, AGI）间的关系。方法:纳入同济医院创伤外科2018年4月至2019年10月收治的严重多发伤患者205例,选取23例健康志愿者作为对照组。依据AGI诊断标准将患者分为AGI组与不伴AGI组（N-AGI组...     

四氯化碳造成急性肝损伤大鼠模型的实验研究

目的评估建立四氯化碳(CCl4)造成大鼠急性肝损伤模型的效果。方法健康SPF级SD大鼠40只,随机分为模型组(n=30):腹腔注射50%CCl4橄榄油溶液3 ml/kg.只;对照组(n=10)腹腔注射生理盐水溶液3ml/kg.只。比较造模后24、72 h、1周3个时间点模型鼠外周血AST/ALT水平及造模后24、48 h模型鼠存活率,观察造模后24 h模型鼠肝脏组织病理改变。结果造模后24、72、1周3个时间点急性肝损伤模型鼠ALT/AST水平为(198.45±15.02)/(498.2±29.83)、(154.27±11.82)/(373.58±20.45)、(88.4±6.8)/(224.7±29.55),明显高于对照组相应时间的ALT/AST(P0.01),造模后24 h和48 h模型组实验动物存活率分别为40%和10%,对照组实验动物存活率均为100%(P0.01),病理切片显示模型鼠肝脏呈急性肝坏死表现。结论所构建的CCl4造成大鼠急性肝坏死造模体系适宜实验需求。     

Tolterodine-associated acute mixed liver injury

OBJECTIVE: To report a patient with an acute mixed liver injury associated with tolterodine therapy. CASE SUMMARY: An 81-year-old white woman with urge incontinence experienced malaise, fever, and gastrointestinal disturbances 18 days after starting tolterodine 2 mg twice daily. The patient's concurrent medications included flunitrazepam, diclofenac, and dorzolamide/timolol eye drops. Laboratory examination was consistent with the presentation of an acute mixed liver injury with increased transaminase enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and bilirubin. Additionally, she had mild leukocytosis with eosinophilia. After tolterodine was discontinued, the abnormal liver and hematologic parameters returned to normal within 4 weeks. DISCUSSION: Tolterodine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, has predominantly anticholinergic effects. To our knowledge, this is the first case published describing tolterodine-associated acute mixed liver injury. However, some of the patient's additional symptoms can also be considered part of a drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. This is usually defined by the triad of fever, cutaneous reaction, and involvement of internal organs, mainly affecting the liver. The close temporal relationship between the start of tolterodine therapy and the first symptoms and the reversibility after dechallenge led us to conclude that the adverse reaction was possibly related to tolterodine exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our case illustrates that tolterodine may rarely be associated with liver injury. This may have been an organ manifestation of tolterodine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.     

多种损伤因子与重症胸腹损伤急性肝功能障碍相关性研究

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumornecrosisfactor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、磷脂酶A2（phospholipaseAz,PLA2）在重症胸腹损伤急性肝功能损害发生过程中的作用。方法胸腹创伤患者82例（观察组）,同期体检健康者46例（对照组）,检测2组谷丙转氨酶（glutamicpropylictransaminase,GPT）、谷草转氨酶（glutamicoxaolacetictransaminase,GOT）、TNF—α、IL-6和PLA2水平并进行比较。结果观察组就诊时GPT（（208．43±41．35）u／L）、GOT（（198．49±39．62）u／L）、TNF—α（（36．41±18．09）μg／L）、IL-6（（393．83±143．86）μg／L）、PLA2（（41．35±14．26）μg／L）均高于对照组（（17．25±4．48）u／L,（18．29±5．37）u／L,（1．28±0．59）μg／L,（63．93±41．49）μg／L,（7．47±5．27）μg／L）（P〈O．01）;观察组GPT、GOT分别与TNF-α、IL-6、PLA2呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论TNF-α、IL-6、PLA2参与了胸腹损伤急性肝功能损害的发生、发展;对TNF—α、ID6、PLA2进行早期干预可抑制急性肝功能损害发生或减轻损害程度。     

老年急性肾损伤与急性肺损伤相互作用及治疗策略

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是系统性疾病,临床常合并急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI),死亡率高,尤其见于老年患者.AKI与ALI通过多种因素介导相互作用、相互损伤,从而使死亡率急剧增高.本文主要关注老年AKI和Au相互作用的相关机制,探讨治疗策略,期待可以积累经验深化认识,改善患者预后.     

Leukopenia in acute thermal injury: evidence against topical silver sulfadiazine as the causative agent

White blood cell data from time of admission to 4 days after burn injury was retrospectively reviewed to determine differences in the incidence of leukopenia in patients with burn injuries treated topically with either silver sulfadiazine or silver nitrate. WBC counts decreased in both groups of patients during the first 3 days after burn injury. An incidence of leukopenia (WBC count less than or equal to 5000/mm3) was observed in of 40 (47.5%) patients treated with silver sulfadiazine and in 13 of 30 (43.3%) patients treated with silver nitrate. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of leukopenia between the two treatment groups. These data suggest that silver sulfadiazine may not be the cause of the leukopenia observed early after burn injury.     

Sudden amnesia resulting in pain relief: the relationship between memory and pain

Nociceptive pain and its emotional component can result in the development of a "chronic pain memory". This report describes two patients who had long histories of chronic pain and opioid dependence. Both patients experienced sudden memory loss that was followed by significant pain reduction and an eradication of their need for opioid management. Neural centers involved in sensory pain, its affective component, opioid dependence, and memory overlap in the brain and share common pathways. The anterior cingulate cortex, the insular cortex, and the amygdala are examples of regions implicated in both pain and memory. One of the patients in the report experienced multiple seizure episodes, which may have contributed to memory loss and pain relief. The role of electroconvulsive therapy as it relates to amnesia and pain is reviewed. Questions are raised regarding whether therapies that address the memory component of pain may have a role in the treatment of long-term chronic pain patients.     

创伤性休克患者院前救治与术后急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征发生的相关性调查

目的 调查分析创伤性休克患者院前救治与术后急性肺损伤（ALI）／急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的相关性及其临床意义。方法 随机双盲法抽取1995年10月-2005年10月符合调查条件的创伤性休克患者600例，其中院前进行综合治疗184例（A组），单纯液体复苏治疗305例（B组），未治疗111例（C组）。对比各组全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）、ALI／ARDS、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）确诊率及预后；并以入院1h及术后24、48、96和144h相关数据进行SIRS评分。结果 600例患者中524例诊断为SIRS（占87．33％），其中A组73．37％（135／184例），B组91．48％（279／305例），C组99．10％（110／111例）；SIRS分值A组各时间点均显著低于B组和C组（P均〈O．01），B组又低于C组（P均〈O．01）；且A组术后96h基本正常，而B组术后144h才接近正常。ALI确诊率A组为5．98％（11／184例），发生ARDS1例，MODS1例，无死亡；B组为10．49％（32／305例），发生ARDS7例，MODS3例，死亡3例；C组则为20．72％（23／111例），发展为ARDS8例，MODS5例，死亡5例。结论 创伤性休克院前救治与术后ALI密切相关，院前综合治疗有助于降低术后ALI／ARDS的发生率。     

感染性休克合并急性肺损伤患者的液体治疗与预后的关系

目的 探讨感染性休克患者发生急性肺损伤时,首个7d液体治疗与预后的关系.方法 选取感染性休克并发急性肺损伤患者102例为研究对象,根据28 d生存情况分为生存组与死亡组.回顾性分析两组患者首个7 d液体治疗情况,采用ROC曲线分析7 d累积液体平衡量预测死亡率的价值.以7 d累积液体平衡量最优截断值行亚组分析,比较其2...     

血管外肺水与脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS预后关系的Meta分析

目的 研究血管外肺水(EVLW)在预测脓毒症相关性急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征预后中的价值.方法 检索1991年到2011年国内外公开发表的关于血管外肺水与脓毒症相关性ALI/ARDS预后关系的中英文文献,通过Stata软件进行Meta分析.结果 根据纳入和剔除标准筛选出7篇文献,Meta分析表明脓毒症相关性急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者中死亡组3d内的EVLW均维持在较高水平,而存活组有明显下降趋势,两组EVLW差距日趋扩大(SMDd1＜SMDd2＜SMD.d3),首日:SMD d1=0.29,95％CI:0.047～0.532;次日:SMDd2=1.64,95％ CI:0.14-3.13;第3天:SMDd3 =1.83,95％ CI:0.56～3.10.结论 脓毒症相关性急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征发病早期EVLW水平及其动态变化可作为预后评估指标,持续高水平的EVLW将增加死亡风险.     

Intact thrombin generation and decreased fibrinolytic capacity in patients with acute liver injury or acute liver failure

Summary. Background: It has been well established that hemostatic potential in patients with chronic liver disease is in a rebalanced status due to a concomitant decrease in pro‐ and antihemostatic drivers. The hemostatic changes in patients with acute liver injury/failure (ALI/ALF) are similar but not identical to the changes in patients with chronic liver disease and have not been studied in great detail. Objective: To assess thrombin generation and fibrinolytic potential in patients with ALI/ALF. Methods: We performed thrombin generation tests and clot lysis assays in platelet‐poor plasma from 50 patients with ALI/ALF. Results were compared with values obtained in plasma from 40 healthy volunteers. Results and conclusion: The thrombin generation capacity of plasma from patients with ALI/ALF sampled on the day of admission to hospital was indistinguishable from that of healthy controls, provided thrombomodulin was added to the test mixture. Fibrinolytic capacity was profoundly impaired in patients with ALI/ALF on admission (no lysis in 73.5% of patients, compared with 2.5% of the healthy controls), which was associated with decreased levels of the plasminogen and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. The intact thrombin generating capacity and the hypofibrinolytic status persisted during the first week of admission. Patients with ALI/ALF have a normal thrombin generating capacity and a decreased capacity to remove fibrin clots. These results contrast with routine laboratory tests such as the PT/INR, which are by definition prolonged in patients with ALI/ALF and suggest a bleeding tendency.     

大鼠重症急性胰腺炎相关性肝损伤模型的建立

目的 通过夹闭胰头部的方法建立一种新型大鼠重症急性胰腺炎相关性肝损伤(severe acute pancreatitis-associated liver injury)的动物模型.方法 将SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠180只随机分为对照组、假手术组、肝损伤模型组,每组60只.再分别将每个分组中的60只大鼠随机分为6个分组,包括0、6、12、18、24和36 h组,每组10只大鼠.肝损伤模型组用16 cm弯止血钳夹闭胰头2h后松开.同时在相应时间点建立对照组及假手术组.在造模完成后,分别于相应各时间点采集血液、肝脏组织、胰腺组织标本.行血清淀粉酶(AMY)、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、中性粒细胞百分比检测,行肝脏组织、胰腺组织病理学观察.结果 肝损伤模型组大鼠AMY 12 h[(5052.1±114.9) U/L]、中性粒细胞百分比值12 h[(75.2±5.8)％]、ALT 12 h[(52.6±5.9)U/L]、AST 12 h[(629.5 ±57.4)U/L]达到峰值,均显著高于其他时间点组(P＜0.05).肝损伤模型组与对照组和假手术组同一时间点组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病理组织学观察可见造模后随时间进程胰腺炎呈加重表现,肝组织损伤24 h最重.肝损伤模型组血清AMY与血液中性粒细胞百分比、ALT、AST呈正相关(r=0.796,P ＜0.01;r =0.710,P＜0.01;r=0.875,P＜0.01).胰腺病理学评分与肝脏病理学评分呈正相关(rs =0.919,P＜0.01).结论 通过夹闭胰头部的方法建立了一种新型大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)相关性肝损伤的动物模型,24 h为肝损伤最严重的时间点,也是我们建模的最佳时间点,为急性坏死性胰腺炎致肝损伤的发病机制及药物干预研究提供了一种较为理想的动物模型.     

重症脑卒中患者急性肾损伤发生情况及预后与高钠血症关系探讨

目的分析探讨重症脑卒中患者急性肾损伤（AKI）发生情况及预后与高钠血症的关系。方法回顾分析我院ICU 2010年1月至2012年12月收治的重症脑卒中患者270例,所有患者均监测入院0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、7 d及此后隔日1次的肾功能、电解质,直至检验值恢复正常范围或患者出院或死亡,分析患者急性肾损伤发生情况及预后与高钠血症的关系,所有患者均进行APACHEⅡ评分并经过积极的病因和对症治疗。结果纳入本研究的270例患者中,发生高钠血症的50例,发生率18.5%;发生AKI的41例,发生率15.2%。高钠血症50例中,急性脑出血27例,急性脑梗死15例,蛛网膜下腔出血8例;其中男30例,女20例;平均年龄（58.12±18.33）岁;平均APACHEⅡ评分（24.0±7.9）分;平均血钠水平（159±10）mmol/L;发生AKI 14例,发生率28.0%（非高钠血症发生率12.3%）,且与血钠增高程度成正相关;死亡18例,病死率36%,死亡组的血钠水平、APACHEⅡ评分均明显高于存活组;死亡组AKI发生率（9/18,50%）亦明显高于存活组（5/32,15.6%）。结论重症脑卒中发生高钠血症多发生在发病后3~8 d,血钠值越高,AKI的发生率越高,APACHEⅡ评分越高;且高钠血症发生在卒中后7 d左右的,预后越差,死亡率越高。     

Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates acute alcohol-induced liver injury and inflammation in mice

Ethyl pyruvate dissolved in a calcium-containing balanced salt solution--Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS)--ameliorates ileal mucosal hyperpermeability and decreases the expression of several proinflammatory genes when it is used instead of Ringer's lactate solution (RLS) to resuscitate mice from hemorrhagic shock. Herein, we sought to determine whether delayed treatment with REPS would be beneficial in a murine model of acute alcoholic liver injury associated with binge drinking. Mice were gavaged with 3 doses of ethanol (5 g/kg each dose) over a 12-hour period and then randomized to treatment with 3 intraperitoneal doses of REPS or RLS over 12 hours. Compared with sham-treated controls not subjected to alcohol intoxication, RLS-treated mice demonstrated histologic evidence of fatty change and piecemeal necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver, as well as a significant increase in the plasma concentration of alanine aminotransferase. Biochemical changes induced by alcohol administration included increased hepatic lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA expression. All of these alcohol-induced effects were ameliorated by treatment with REPS instead of RLS. These data support the view that treatment with REPS ameliorates the hepatic inflammatory response and decreases hepatocellular injury in mice subjected to acute alcohol intoxication.     

乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨乌司他丁(UTI)对脓毒症性急性肺损伤(ALI)的保护作用。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)制作SD大鼠脓毒症ALI模型,随机分ALI组、糖皮质激素(GC)治疗(GC)和UTI治疗(UTI)组。成模后3 h、6 h、12 h开腹抽血行动脉血气分析,提取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)检测总蛋白(TP)、总磷脂(TPL)、饱和磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)含量,测定肺组织湿/干重(W/D)比值和肺组织匀浆中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,血浆中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)含量,观察与比较各组肺组织病理改变。结果UTI组PaCO_2、PaO_2、HCO_3~-、BE与GC组差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05),但高于ALI组(P＜0．05);两组W/D均明显低于ALI组(P＜0．01),BALF中TP显著低于ALI组(P＜0．01),TPL和DSPC/TPL高于ALI组(P＜0．05、P＜0．01),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05);两组肺组织匀浆中MPO、MDA含量均明显低于ALI组(P＜0．01),UTI组MPO含量还明显高于GC组(P＜0．05);两组血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于ALI组(P＜0．01),UTI组IL-6高于GC组(P＜0．05);两组病理变化均较ALI组轻(P＜0．01)。结论UTI能改善缺氧、过度通气和酸中毒,减轻肺水肿和肺组织病理损伤,具有抗氧化和抑制炎性细胞因子释放作用,其抗炎作用与GC相似。