湖北省吸毒人员口腔健康行为的分析

目的 分析和评价吸毒人员的口腔健康行为。方法 对1999年湖北省戒毒中心收治的520名吸毒人员进行问卷调查。结果 吸毒人员每天刷牙2次或2次以上者占26％,刷1次者为49％,25％的人从不刷牙。33％的吸毒人员每天进甜食或甜饲料2次或以上。在过去的一年中,60％的吸毒人员牙龈出血,83％的人出现牙齿疼痛。只有10％的人看过医生,而60％的人从没有看过医生。结论 吸毒人员的口腔健康行为较差。     

Dental health in Dutch drug addicts

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the Dental health status of a group of Dutch 20–40-yr-old drug addicts (n=121) and to compare the results on DMFS with data of an age-comparable sample of the general adult population in the Netherlands (n=1532). Mean DMFT of the addicted group was 16.9. ANOVA showed that the mean DMFS of the addicted group differed statistically significantly from the DMFS of the general population of the same age (= 52.1 versus 38.9). Statistically significant differences in DMFS were also found between the various age groups. The percentage of addicted subjects with more than cervical plaque on one or more teeth was 76.5%, 82.4% and 88.2% in the three youngest age groups. In almost all addicted subjects, bleeding of the gingiva was present. Only 36% had visited the dentist less than a year ago and 18% brushed their teeth less than once a day. It is concluded that there is a large gap in dental health status and behavior between drug addicts and the general population. Dental care as an integral part of the care for drug addicts is advocated.     

Oral health status of children and adults in the Republic of Niger, Africa

The present study was undertaken in order to describe the oral health status of children and adults in the Republic of Niger and to provide baseline data for the organisation and evaluation of systematic oral health promotion programmes in the country. The WHO pathfinder sampling procedures were applied to obtain representative samples of the following age groups: 6 years (n = 373); 12 years (n = 400); 18 years (n = 300) and 35-44 years (n = 400). Data were collected in 1997 according to the WHO methods, including information on dental caries and CPITN. In 6-year-olds, 56 per cent had caries and a mean score of 1.3 DMFT was observed among the 12-year-olds; the 35-44-year-olds had an average score of 5.7 DMFT. Differences in dental caries prevalence were found according to sex, province and urbanisation. Ninety-nine per cent of individuals at age 18, and 87 per cent at age 35-44 had maximum CPITN score 2 (calculus). Where 6- and 35-44-year-olds are concerned, the data may indicate increasing levels of dental caries. The implementation of primary prevention and community-based oral health education is therefore a matter of urgency.     

Dental health in drug and alcohol addicts

The aim of this study was to describe the dental health status of a group of Dutch twenty- to forty-year-old drug addicts (n = 121) and to compare the results on DMFS with data of an in age comparable sample of the general non-addicted adult population in the Netherlands (n = 1532). The average DMFT of the addicted group was 16.9. The average DMFS of this group differed statistically significantly from the DMFS of the general non-addicted population of the same age (52.1 versus 38.9). Statistically significant differences in DMFS were also found between the various age groups. In the youngest three age groups the percentage of addicted subjects with cervical plaque on one or more teeth was 76.5%, 82.4% and 88.2%. Bleeding of the gingiva occurred in almost all addicted subjects. Only 36% of the addicts had visited their dentist less than a year ago and 18% of them brushed their teeth less than once a day. It is concluded that a large gap exists in dental health status and behaviour between drug addicts and the general non-addicted population. Dental care as an integral part of the care for drug addicts is advocated.     

Dental health in a group of drug addicts in Italy

The caries prevalence, periodontal health, and oral hygiene status were assessed in 124 drug addicts aged 18-34 yr in Mercato San Severino (Salerno), Italy. The years of drug addiction ranged from 1 to 15 yr. The majority used heroin (96%) but all the subjects indicated that they had used more than one drug. The percentage of drug addicts caries free was 6.5%, ranging from no caries free subjects in the group over 29 yr of age, to 11.4% in the group aged 26-29 yr old. Mean DMFT and DMFS scores for all age groups were 12.9 and 36.2, respectively; mean Periodontal Index (PI) and mean Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) scores were 1.37 and 1.71, respectively. The poor dental health in this target group indicates the need for more extensive collaboration between the social and dental health care sectors.     

Oral health status of apprentices

3011 students of vocational schools in Rostock were examined for obtaining informations about their caries prevalence (DMF/T and DMF/S) and the periodontal treatment needs (CPITN). Those students, who need a special proof to be good for their occupation and therefore had a regular dental care, have a much more better oral health status than other students in vocational schools (successful treated 40%:20%, degree of treatment (FM/T) 80%:71%, DMF/T 8.5:10.3). Concerning the periodontal status of the 6 sextants 55.6% of the students hat code 0 of CPITN, 33.5% the 1, 10.3% code 2 and 0.6% the code 3. Summarizing recommendations are given for the improvement of passing from the regular dental care for young adults to dental care of the adult population.     

Oral health status and traditions in the Philippines

With an annual population growth of 2.71 per cent per year the government is harnessing all available resources so that every Filipino can enjoy a decent way of life. Since the majority of the population is in the rural areas, priority health services are directed towards this particular segment. Because of meagre income among the rural population all health services are given free, except for major operations, medicines and dental procedures such as the construction of partial and full dentures, porcelain restorations, root canal therapy and major oral surgery. Older people in the rural areas still adhere to their beliefs and traditions to alleviate the pain of toothache, particularly in the areas which cannot be reached by dentists. Because their fees are minimal the services of quack doctors/dentists and faith healers are still sought. In the Philippines, although dental health services have been given a low priority by the government, preventive dental health programmes are being implemented throughout the country. These include mouthrinsing with sodium fluoride solutions, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and the use of fluoride-containing varnish and fluoride tablets. Water fluoridation exists in two pilot areas and there is an intensive dental health education campaign. Indigenous health workers augment the inadequate dental manpower in attempting to attain and maintain the global indicator for oral health, which is 3 DMFT on average for age 12 years old.     

Dental health in a group of drug addicts attending an addiction-clinic

The present study was undertaken to investigate the dental health of a group of parenteral drug addicts. The study population comprised 134 persons with a mean age of 25 yr (min. 18, max. 37) examined in 1977-81. Mean DMFT was 18.3 and mean DMFS was 50.2, approximately twice as much as found in comparable age groups in Denmark. Even free smooth surfaces were often involved. The oral hygiene was measured by the use of the Visible Plaque Index (VPI) and the Bleeding Index (BI). Both indices were high, mean VPI = 77.4 and mean BI = 71.3. 12-40% of the teeth selected had a loss of periodontal attachment of more than 4 mm. It is suggested that not only drug abuse, but also factors like low social status, low education and different barriers towards receiving dental treatment should be considered in a multifactorial cause-effect relationship. The effect of offering a free dental care system for this high-risk group will be dealt with in another paper.     

Oral health status in geriatric rehabilitation patients

Objective: To study the microflora on the tongue and tooth surfaces in subjects with hyposalivation because of radiation therapy in the head and neck region (RT). Material and methods: The RT subjects (≥16 teeth, an unstimulated secretion rate of ≤0.1 ml min⁻¹, 6 months after completed radiation therapy) were matched with controls with normal salivary secretion rates according to age, sex and number of teeth. A clinical examination was performed, and samples for microbial analysis were taken. Results: The RT group (n  =  16) had a mean age of 53 ± 8 years and 28 ± 2 teeth. The unstimulated secretion rate was 0.02 ± 0.04 ml min⁻¹ and the stimulated 0.4 ± 0.2 ml min⁻¹. On the tongue, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia , associated with gingivitis, were found in low numbers in almost all RT subjects. Candida albicans and enterococci, associated with mucosal infections, were frequently found in high numbers. On the tooth surfaces, the number of C. albicans was increased. Lactobacillus species, indicating an acidic environment, were generally found in very high numbers in the RT subjects. Mutans streptococci, strongly associated with the development of caries, showed a different pattern. In 44% of the RT subjects, mutans streptococci could not be detected; 38% of the subjects showed very high numbers. Conclusions: Although high numbers of microorganisms associated with the development of mucosal infections and caries were frequently found in RT subjects, there were differences between subjects, especially for mutans streptococci. Microbial analysis might therefore be a helpful tool to identify RT subjects with an increased risk of oral disorders.     

Oral health status and tradition in Australia

In the past 30 years, dental health in Australia has undergone a marked improvement. This improvement has been paralleled by a significant change in attitudes to many aspects of dental health and in consequent behaviour. The caries experience of the younger Australian is now about one-third of that of his older counterpart. Two-thirds of the Australian population drink fluoridated water and there is widespread use of fluoridated dentifrices. Hence, the DMFT of 12 year olds is already approaching the target level of 3 for the year 2000, compared with a level of over 10 just 30 years ago. Edentulousness is still a problem, as evidenced by a rate of 68 per cent in those aged 45-64. With the increased retention of teeth in the young there is every expectation that this rate will be reduced significantly with time. Among the problem groups the aboriginal population, particularly those described as 'transitional', show all the ravages created by very high sucrose intake. To formulate plans to combat this a study of aboriginal dental health has been proposed.     

Oral health status among hospitalized patients

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene 9 , 2011; 21–29
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00423.x
Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant’ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. Abstract: Aim: To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. Results: Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis (n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. Conclusions: The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation.     

Oral health status of male prisoners in Italy

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of dental and root caries, periodontal conditions, and prosthetic status of prison inmates. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Penal institutions in the Calabria region (Italy). PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 544 prisoners. METHODS: Participants underwent a structured interview by trained interviewers and a dental examination. RESULTS: Only 2% had no history of caries. Mean DMFT and DMFS were 9.8 and 37.6 and missing teeth was the most prevalent component of the DMFT. Higher DMFT was found among older prisoners, having regular dental attendance, higher plaque index, and in those with a lower frequency of a tooth brushing habit. Conservative care and extractions were required by 61.9% and 33.3%. The mean plaque and gingival indices were 0.74 and 0.75; 10.5% had healthy periodontal tissues. The highest number of individuals was classified as having a CPI of 2, whereas 5% had at least one sextant with a CPI score of 4. Deep pockets were more likely in older subjects and in those with a lower frequency of a tooth brushing habit. A minimum of oral hygiene instruction was needed by 89.6%. Seven subjects were edentulous and 85.1% had a prosthetic treatment need. CONCLUSIONS: This survey emphasises the need for programmes to improve the oral health of prisoners.     

Oral health status of homeless men in Brisbane

A bstract — A survey of a sample of homeless men in Brisbane, Australia, was made to determine the prevalence of oral diseases and conditions, and attitudes to dental health and dental treatment. Twentynine per cent were completely edentulous; the mean number of extracted teeth was 15.4 with a monotonic increase in tooth loss with increasing age. Despite lack of oral hygiene, complex periodontal therapy was needed for less than one-tenth of the men. Eighty-four per cent regarded their general health as satisfactory to very good, while 58 per cent were happy with their dental health, and only seven per cent sought dental treatment regularly.     

Oral health status of rural adults in the United States

BACKGROUND: Many sociodemographic indicators of oral health disparity in the United States have been documented. Rural residence, however, has not been researched thoroughly, though it has been considered to be a potential indicator of disparity. The authors conducted this study to present information on the effects of rural residence on oral health in the United States. METHODS: The authors conducted their analyses using data from adults aged 18 to 64 years from the 1995, 1997 and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys and the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1988-94. The authors present national estimates for various oral health status indicators including dental insurance coverage, unmet care needs, frequency of dental visits, caries experience and prevalence of edentulism by rural/urban residence. RESULTS: The authors found that adults living in rural areas were more likely to report having unmet dental care needs and were less likely to have had a dental visit in the past year compared with adults living in urban areas. The prevalence of edentulism among rural adults was 16.3 percent-almost twice that of urban adults. Caries experience also was more likely to be greater among adults residing in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health disparities exist among U.S. adults living in rural and urban areas. Compared with urban residents, rural residents were less likely to report a dental visit in the past year and were more likely to be edentulous. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: By understanding the rural/urban differences in adult oral health status, practitioners, policy-makers and rural health advocates will have better information to use to promote activities that better meet the needs of rural adults in the United States.