4928例维吾尔族恶性肿瘤住院患者的疾病构成分析

目的:分析2005-2012年4928例维吾尔族恶性肿瘤住院患者的发病情况、分类、疾病构成及其变化,为掌握肿瘤流行病学、发展趋势、制定防治疾病规划以及指导防治研究提供参考。方法:回顾统计2005-2012年新疆医科大学第一附属医院维吾尔族恶性肿瘤住院患者的总就诊人数,肿瘤发生部位,性别,年龄。结果:2005-2012年新疆医科大学第一附属医院维吾尔族恶性肿瘤患者就诊人数呈现逐年增加的趋势,男女之比为1.2∶1,恶性肿瘤发病的高峰年龄集中在60岁,其中胃恶性肿瘤,气管、支气管恶性肿瘤,骨、关节软骨恶性肿瘤,喉恶性肿瘤、鼻咽恶性肿瘤,卵巢恶性肿瘤中位发病年龄呈现逐年增高的趋势。而肝脏恶性肿瘤、食管恶性肿瘤、结肠恶性肿瘤、宫颈癌和脑恶性肿瘤中位年龄呈现逐年降低的趋势。结论:维吾尔族恶性肿瘤患者的发病人数呈现出逐年上升的趋势,部分肿瘤的发病年龄呈现年轻化的趋势。     

2008~2012年某医院首次住院恶性肿瘤病例构成情况分析

目的：分析四川省肿瘤医院首次住院恶性肿瘤病人的性别、年龄和种类构成特点,为防治恶性肿瘤和专科建设提供参考依据。方法：对四川省肿瘤医院2008~2012年首次入院的恶性肿瘤病例进行回顾性调查和分析,运用SPSS软件进行统计学处理。结果：5年首次住院患者62255例,其中恶性肿瘤42098例。恶性肿瘤构成比居前10位的分别为：肺癌、食管癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、鼻咽癌、直肠癌、结肠癌和滤泡性淋巴瘤。45岁以上的中老年患者占恶性肿瘤患者总数的75．32%。男女性别比为1．17∶1。男性恶性肿瘤病种构成前五位是：肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌,女性分别是：宫颈癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、食管癌。结论：恶性肿瘤患者病例数呈逐年增长的趋势。中老年是恶性肿瘤住院患者的主要人群。不同的肿瘤类型存在着性别和年龄方面的差异,应根据恶性肿瘤的构成特征有针对性地制定医院的肿瘤防治策略和优化专科建设。     

2011～2015年重庆某院恶性肿瘤住院患者疾病构成特征分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析恶性肿瘤住院患者疾病构成特征,为重庆地区恶性肿瘤的防治和专科建设提供方向和思路。［方法］ 收集2011年1月至2015年12月重庆市某肿瘤专科医院恶性肿瘤首次住院患者的病例信息,并按ICD-10编码对所有病例进行分类,分析不同年份、性别、年龄间恶性肿瘤的疾病构成及顺位变化。［结果］ 5年间恶性肿瘤住院患者32 070例,2011年5882例,2015年7169例,增长率为21.88%;男女比例1.22∶1;肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌处于该院恶性肿瘤患者构成的前5位;男性患者前3位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、食管癌、肝癌,占51.19%,女性患者构成前3位的恶性肿瘤依次为乳腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌,占48.39%;好发年龄主要集中在40～69岁,占患者总数的73.77%。［结论］ 2011～2015年首次住院恶性肿瘤患者呈逐年上升趋势,该院恶性肿瘤的疾病分布存在性别、年龄差异,根据肿瘤疾病分布特征和高发肿瘤调整恶性肿瘤的防治措施,对加强肿瘤专科能力建设具有重要意义。     

2005～2010年靖江市人民医院恶性肿瘤住院病例统计分析

目的对我院2005～2010年首次住院的恶性肿瘤患者的病种和年龄构成进行分析,为我院城市丰十区防治肿瘤提供依据。方法从医院病案室通过微机调取2005～2010年首次住院的恶性肿瘤病例,所有病例均有完整的病史、各种检查、病理组织学诊断等。根据不同病种、性别及年龄进行统计,计算其构成比。结果我院5895例恶性肿瘤住院者中肿瘤发病排序位于前5位的是胃癌、食管癌、肺癌、肝癌和乳腺癌,占总数的39．39％,男女之比为1．76：1,男、女性患恶性肿瘤排在首位者均是胃癌,其中20岁以下者48例,40岁以上者5516例（占93．57％）。结论我院2005～2010年收治的恶性肿瘤患者以胃癌、食管癌等为主,强调应加强调研、监测和综合防治工作。     

1999-2002年云南省肿瘤医院恶性肿瘤住院病例分析

目的 :掌握恶性肿瘤发病特征 ,为制订肿瘤的防治策略提供科学依据。方法 :回顾 1999- 2 0 0 2年云南省肿瘤医院的住院资料 ,以首次入住的患者为研究对象 ,详细分析这些患者的年龄特征、性别及疾病构成。结果 :前 10位的恶性肿瘤分别为 :肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌、脑恶性肿瘤、原发性肝癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、食管癌。男性与女性中恶性肿瘤的顺位有所不同 ,各种肿瘤的发病年龄段也有不同 ,如血液病较为集中 30岁以下人群 ,而肺癌则以中老年居多。结论 :恶性肿瘤患者数逐年升高 ,尤其以肺癌和结直肠癌增长趋势明显 ;患者的年龄有年轻化的趋势 ;男女患者在疾病构成和年龄分布上均有不同     

平顶山市恶性肿瘤住院患者病种构成分析

目的:了解分析平顶山市恶性肿瘤住院患者病种构成。方法:收集平顶山市4家三级医院和2家市级专科医院2012年-2013年恶性肿瘤住院病例资料,应用ICD-10规则统一编码、归类,3位数类目统计恶性肿瘤分类构成并排序,对7 563 例住院病例进行统计。结果:平顶山市2012 年-2013 年恶性肿瘤住院患者前十位病种为肺恶性肿瘤、食管恶性肿瘤、乳房恶性肿瘤、结直肠恶性肿瘤、肝恶性肿瘤、胃恶性肿瘤、宫颈恶性肿瘤、白血病、头颈部恶性肿瘤、胆囊胆管恶性肿瘤。前十病种构成除男、女性特有病种外,男女性别比为1.59∶1,甲状腺恶性肿瘤女性多于男性（5.98倍）。前十病种构成无城乡差异,肝恶性肿瘤城市多于农村。结论:平顶山市恶性肿瘤住院患者病种构成的前十位病种与本省恶性肿瘤流行病学分布相似。     

1999—2002年云南省肿瘤医院恶性肿瘤住院病例分析

目的：掌握恶性肿瘤发病特征，为制订肿瘤的防治策略提供科学依据。方法：回顾1999—2002年云南省肿瘤医院的住院资料，以首次入住的患者为研究对象，详细分析这些患者的年龄特征、性别及疾病构成。结果：前10位的恶性肿瘤分别为：肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌、脑恶性肿瘤、原发性肝癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、食管癌。男性与女性中恶性肿瘤的顺位有所不同，各种肿瘤的发病年龄段也有不同，如血液病较为集中30岁以下人群，而肺癌则以中老年居多。结论：恶性肿瘤患者数逐年升高，尤其以肺癌和结直肠癌增长趋势明显；患者的年龄有年轻化的趋势；男女患者在疾病构成和年龄分布上均有不同。     

陕西省15903例恶性肿瘤住院病人资料分析

[目的]分析陕西省87所医院恶性肿瘤病人的疾病分布及年龄分布特点.[方法]根据国际疾病ICD-10分类标准,按不同性别和年龄统计恶性肿瘤的构成比及各年龄段人群分布.[结果]15 903例恶性肿瘤,男性9 187例,女性6 716例,男女之比为1.31：1;构成比居前5位的是肺癌、胃癌、生殖器官癌、食管癌、白血病.年龄构成0岁～年龄组占3.35%、15岁～年龄组占19.17%、45岁～年龄组占34.10%、60岁～年龄组占43.38%.[结论]肺癌占恶性肿瘤住院病人的20.57%,已成为陕西省肿瘤防治的重点病种.     

2003～2012年辽宁省肿瘤医院恶性肿瘤住院患者病种及年龄分析

[目的]分析辽宁省肿瘤医院首次住院的恶性肿瘤患者病种构成及年龄构成,为开展肿瘤防治工作提供参考依据。[方法]对2003～2012年首次住院的89319例恶性肿瘤患者病案资料进行统计分析。运用Excel及SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据处理。[结果]前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌,占10年来恶性肿瘤总例数的81.17%。其中肺癌构成比居男性恶性肿瘤第1位,占男性恶性肿瘤的26.79%。乳腺癌构成比居女性恶性肿瘤第1位,占女性恶性肿瘤的30.71%。肿瘤发病年龄相对集中,高发于40岁以上的中老年人群。[结论]肿瘤发病存在年龄、性别差异,应针对高危人群做好癌症的三级预防工作。     

汕头地区恶性肿瘤住院病例的疾病构成及病死率分析

目的:通过对我院住院恶性肿瘤的病种构成和病死率的分析,了解潮汕地区的恶性肿瘤发病情况。方法:对汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院1996~2003年前8位住院恶性肿瘤患者疾病构成及前5位病死率构成进行分析。结果:8年间住院患者人数和前8位恶性肿瘤构成及绝对数均有上升趋势。食管癌、鼻咽癌连续8年为住院病种的第1位和第2位,肺癌、食管癌病死率居死亡病种的1、2位。结论:食管、鼻咽、肺、胃、乳腺的恶性肿瘤仍是今后防治的重点。政府应重视恶性肿瘤的社区防治,建立防治组织架构;广泛开展防癌健康教育和健康促进;实施肿瘤的“三早”战略。     

四川省肿瘤医院16年恶性肿瘤住院患者死因构成及变化趋势

目的:回顾性分析四川省肿瘤医院16年来恶性肿瘤住院患者主要死因构成及年代变化趋势。方法:回顾性收集四川省肿瘤医院2004年01月至2019年12月收治的恶性肿瘤住院患者及死亡病例,分析恶性肿瘤住院患者的主要死亡原因,性别、年龄分布,死因构成的年代变化以及死亡患者占同期住院患者比例的年代变化。结果:2004年-2019年16年间我院收治恶性肿瘤住院患者总数280 042例,恶性肿瘤死亡5 213例,恶性肿瘤住院患者和恶性肿瘤死亡患者数量呈逐年上升趋势。前10位死因顺位依次为:肺癌(34.5%)、肝癌(9.8%)、食管癌(8.2%)、结直肠癌(7.4%)、胃癌(5.5%)、淋巴瘤(3.9%)、乳腺癌(3.8%)、胰腺癌(3.6%)、前列腺癌(2.5%)和胆囊癌(2.0%),合计占总死亡数的81.2%。男性病死率明显高于女性(2.1% vs 1.6%,P＜0.001)。<40岁、40~49岁、50~59岁和≥60岁4个年龄组恶性肿瘤住院患者的病死率分别为0.8%、1.4%、1.8%、2.8%,随着年龄的增长,恶性肿瘤的病死率呈明显上升趋势(P＜0.001)。肺癌始终是第一大死因,3个年代的构成比逐年上升。食管癌和胃癌的死亡构成比明显下降,而肝癌和结直肠癌的死亡构成比明显上升。恶性肿瘤死亡患者占同期住院患者比例为1.86%。其中2004年恶性肿瘤死亡患者占同期住院患者比例为12.6%,2019年下降至1.4%,随时间呈明显下降趋势(P＜0.001)。结论:恶性肿瘤住院患者逐年增加,死亡患者占同期住院患者的比例逐年下降,肺癌仍是恶性肿瘤第一大死因,食管癌和胃癌的死亡构成比随时间呈下降趋势。     

834 例乳腺癌临床分析

 目的　探讨维吾尔族等少数民族乳腺癌的临床病理学特点。方法　对我院 1 982年至1 996年诊治的 834例乳腺癌进行临床回顾性分析。结果　维、汉等不同民族间乳腺癌的发病年龄、病理学类型无明显统计学差异 ( P>0 .50 )。在不同年龄组腋淋巴结状态比较中 ,35～ 65岁组中以维吾尔族腋淋巴结转移率最高为 75.5% ( P<0 .0 0 5) ,而其余年龄组无明显差异 ( P>0 .1 0 ) ,且肿瘤大小以维吾尔族肿瘤直径较大 ( P<0 .0 5)。结论　维吾尔族乳腺癌患者其肿块多较大 ,腋淋巴转移率较高 ,此可能是由于不同民族间乳腺癌之生物行为之间的差异而造成.     

Survival and distribution pattern of childhood liver cancer in Taiwan

Studies of survival and distribution of liver cancer in children are scarce. In this study, using data from the cancer registry of Taiwan, from 1979 to 1992, we identified 377 young patients (0-15 years of age) suffering from liver cancer, coded 155 according to the International Classification of Diseases. Among these patients, 122 were histopathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 43 hepatoblastoma (HB). For survival analysis, we also searched for cases of liver cancer in 0-16 year old children in the Taiwan cancer registry for the period between 1988 and 1992. We found 109 cases with identification numbers and birth dates which allowed our cases to be linked with the death registry of the National Health Department of Taiwan enabling the calculation of 5-year survival rates using actuarial life tables. Between 1979 and 1992, for 122 HCC cases, there was a peak incidence at the age of 1 year, then a decline to a trough at the age of 4 years, after which the number of cases increased to the age of 15 years. After the age of 4 years boys outnumbered the girls by 2:1. 36 (84%) of 43 HB cases were under the age of 5 years and boys tended to outnumber girls by 2.9:1. Between 1988 and 1992, of the 109 patients, 49 were diagnosed histopathologically and 60 patients clinically. Their overall 5-year survival rate was 19%. The 5-year survival rate of the 28 HCC patients was 17%, whereas that of the 17 HB patients was 47%. In conclusion, our epidemiological findings indicate that the HCC distribution among children is different according to age and to some extent sex. The overall 5-year survival rate of children suffering from liver cancer was still unfavourable.     

Dying with cancer, living well with advanced cancer

Introduction. There are 1.7 million deaths from cancer in Europe each year and by 2020 the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that, globally, more than 15 million people will experience cancer and 10 million will die from it each year. Furthermore, as new therapies are developed, people are living longer with cancer than in the past, and the population with cancer will be older.Materials and methods. We used epidemiologically based needs assessment approaches to estimate the number of people in Europe with symptoms and problems, published data and reviews to appraise treatment options, issues of communication, family care, bereavement and socio-demographic factors affecting care, and a European survey to consider the types of services. In addition, we used systematic literature review data to appraise the effectiveness of services and factors affecting place of death.Results. The quality of life of virtually all cancer patients with advanced disease is impaired by one or more symptoms, emotional, social, spiritual and communication concerns. Patients have a median of 11 symptoms. In Europe there are up to 1.6 million patients with pain each year, and in around one third of these it will be severe, requiring complex treatment. Almost an equal number are affected by fatigue, and more than 1 in 2 are affected by anxiety and/or depression, breathlessness, insomnia, nausea, constipation and/or anorexia. There is a complex interaction of factors affecting place of death – related to illness, the individual and environment – and although most people want to die at home, in most countries the majority of cancer patients die in hospital. In response to patient and family needs, systematic review shows the effectiveness of palliative care services. However, the distribution of services across Europe is inequitable.Conclusion. Palliative care is becoming increasingly recognised as a vital component of cancer care, but requires investment in research, education and services, incorporating appropriate needs assessment and outcome measurements.     

不同年龄段甲状腺癌患者精确放疗敏感性的影响因素

目的 研究不同年龄段甲状腺癌患者精确放疗敏感性的影响因素分析.方法 选取105例甲状腺癌患者为研究对象,依据年龄分布情况分为青年组(n=233)、中年组(n=235)及老年组(n=237),分析在不同年龄段甲状腺癌患者中精确放疗的敏感性.结果 不同年龄段患者的肿瘤体积、分化程度及增敏化疗次数存在明显差异(P<0.05)...     

CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk

The length of the polymorphic CAG repeat in the N-terminal of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is inversely correlated with the transactivation function of the AR. Some studies have indicated that short CAG repeats are related to higher risk of prostate cancer. We performed a case-control study to investigate relations between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk, tumour grade, tumour stage, age at diagnosis and response to endocrine therapy. The study included 190 AR alleles from prostate cancer patients and 186 AR alleles from female control subjects. All were whites from southern Sweden. The frequency distribution of CAG repeat length was strikingly similar for cases and controls, and no significant correlation between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk was detected. However, for men with non-hereditary prostate cancer (n = 160), shorter CAG repeats correlated with younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.03). There were also trends toward associations between short CAG repeats and high grade (P = 0.07) and high stage (P = 0.07) disease. Furthermore, we found that patients with long CAG repeats responded better to endocrine therapy, even after adjusting for pretreatment level of prostate-specific antigen and tumour grade and stage (P = 0.05). We conclude that short CAG repeats in the AR gene correlate with young age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, but not with higher risk of the disease. Selection of patients with early onset prostate cancer in case-control studies could therefore lead to an over-estimation of the risk of prostate cancer for men with short CAG repeats. An association between long CAG repeats and good response to endocrine therapy was also found, but the mechanism and clinical relevance are unclear.     

A modified Nottingham prognostic index for breast cancer patients diagnosed in Denmark 1978-1994

Stage of disease at diagnosis is a predictor of breast cancer survival. We used data from the Danish Cancer Register and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group to study stage distribution in 0-69-year-old Danish breast cancer patients diagnosed in 1978-1994. We constructed a modified Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) calculated from the number of excised and positive lymph nodes, malignancy grade and tumour diameter. This NPI could be calculated for 63% of the patients, and among these the stage distribution improved during the study period. The proportion of patients with a poor prognostic score decreased from 27% to 20%. Based on a comparison of the crude 3-year survival of patients with an NPI score and those without, it seems probable that the stage of disease at diagnosis on average improved in Danish breast cancer patients below age 70 during the 1980s and the early 1990s.     

Locally advanced breast cancer in Saudi Arabia: high frequency of stage III in a young population

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), breast cancer constitutes 18% of all cancers in Saudi women. Whilst locally advanced breast cancer disease is unusual in Western countries, it constitutes more than 40% of all non-metastatic breast cancer in KSA. The relative frequency of locally advanced disease among our breast cancer population and the lack of a uniform consensus in the literature about its optimal management have prompted this retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with Stage III breast cancer patients seen at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center between 1981 and 1991. In all, 315 patients were identified. Their median age ±SD was 46±11.6 years which is distinctly different from the 60–65 years median age in industrial Western nations. Most patients were younger than 50 years (64%) and premenopausal (62%). Patients were approximately equally divided between Stage III A and Stage III B Patients received multimodality treatment, including surgery., adjuvant chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Sixty-one patients were excluded from survival analysis as they were considered lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 254 patients, 73 (29%) were alive and disease free, and 18 patients (7%) were alive but, with evidence of the disease. The remaining 163 (64%) had died from breast cancer or its related complications. Their median overall survival (OS) was 54 months, (95%, Cl, 27 to 121 months) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 28.8 months (95% Cl, 14.2 to 113 months). Cox proportional hazard, model identified Stage III B and the number of positive axillary lymph nodes as poor predictors of OS and PFS. Radiotherapy was the only adjuvant modality that affected survival favourably. The prognosis of patients with Stage III disease remains poor despite the use of a multimodality approach. The overall young age of our patients may have contributed to the poor outcome. Moreover, the adverse effect of Stage III B disease (as compared with Stage III A) and axillary nodal status was evident. Whilst the favourable effect of radiotherapy on survival was demonstrated, the lack of independent efficacy of other modalities (adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen) or the apparent deleterious effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be addressed with discretion in such retrospective analysis. Optimal management of patients with locally advanced breast cancer disease should be appraised in well designed, prospective, randomised studies.     

新疆地区907例甲状腺癌回顾性分析

目的：探讨新疆地区人群甲状腺癌的发病特点。方法：收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2003年1月-2013年12月甲状腺癌患者病例资料907例，用SPSS 22.0及Microsoft Excel 2007软件分析新疆地区人群甲状腺癌的发病趋势及性别、年龄和族别差异。分析方法采用χ²检验，检验水准α=0.05。结果：2003-2013年间，甲状腺癌的构成比呈上升趋势；甲状腺癌的病理类型主要为乳头状癌（90.96%）；患者男女人数比例1∶2.88，其构成比具有性别差异（P < 0.05），男女发病年龄高峰均为40～49岁，女性病例增加程度高于男性；甲状腺癌的组织类型在汉族与维吾尔族间分布不同（P < 0.05），乳头状癌在汉族患者中的比例（93.77%）高于维吾尔族（83%）。结论：过去10年当中该院收治甲状腺癌患者逐年增多，女性患者增加人数多于男性，男、女性甲状腺癌的高发年龄均为40~49岁，乳头状癌是主要的病理类型，病理类型的分布在汉族和维吾尔族之间存在差异。