乳牙菌斑附着部位的分析

目的观察分析全口乳牙的菌斑附着状况。方法应用菌斑染色片对120名5岁幼儿进行乳牙菌斑检查。结果120名儿童PI均值为1.69±0.01，男、女间无显著性差异；上后牙颊面PI最高；乳磨牙菌斑总量高于乳前牙；上颌牙唇颊侧菌斑附着多于腭侧、下颌牙舌侧多于唇颊侧。结论上述菌斑附着多的牙及牙面需强化刷牙。     

助攻型微种植体支抗在颊腭侧稳定性的比较研究

目的:通过比较上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间颊、腭侧骨皮质的厚度,进而讨论颊、腭侧微种植体支抗的稳定性。方法:研究1:采用锥形束CT(cone bean computed tomography,CBCT)对20例18～40岁的成人颅颌面部进行扫描并三维重建,分别测量上颌第二前磨牙和第一磨牙牙根之间,牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处颊、腭侧骨皮质厚度,进行统计学分析。研究2:选择在上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间植入助攻型微种植体支抗病例91例,共植入167枚微种植体,(其中植入颊侧64例117枚,植入腭侧27例50枚),比较不同部位微种植体植入后的稳定性。结果:研究1:20例成人上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间腭侧牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处骨皮质厚度明显高于颊侧牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处骨皮质厚度,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究2:颊侧117枚微种植体,脱落8枚,成功率93.16%;腭侧50枚微种植体,脱落2枚,成功率98.96%。结论:上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处的腭侧骨皮质较颊侧厚;腭侧微种植体稳定性高于颊侧。骨皮质厚度与微种植体的稳定性呈正相关。     

成年人刷牙效果的初步分析

目的观察刷牙前后全口恒牙的牙菌斑附着状况,分析成人的刷牙效果。方法记录81名大学生的刷牙时间及刷牙前后各牙面菌斑指数(PLI)。结果81名受检对象刷牙用时28s～2min32s,平均为57s,男性平均为49s,女性平均为64s,两者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。刷牙后上颌牙PLI为0.33±0.02,下颌牙为0.47±0.03,两者之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。刷牙后男性PLI为0.532±0.04,女性为0.295±0.03,两性间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。受检者有菌斑牙面数及PIL较高的牙位是上、下颌磨牙,有菌斑牙面数及PIL较高的牙面为下颌磨牙的舌侧面,上颌磨牙的腭侧面。结论人群刷牙时间不足,上述菌斑附着多的牙及牙面需要强化刷牙,男性应加强刷牙。     

数字化技术在全口固定式种植义齿修复中的应用

全口固定式种植义齿是一种公认的修复牙列缺失的有效方法。文献报道,全口固定式种植义齿随访20年,种植体生存率可达86.9%～99.4%,修复体生存率可达82.8%～94.1%。应用全口固定式种植义齿为患者实现咬合重建,应遵循牙合学原则,使牙齿、咬合、咀嚼肌、颞下颌关节和神经等所组成的系统达到协调和稳定。随着数字化设备与技术的发展和完备,传统全口固定式种植义齿修复的每个程序都有多种数字化的替代方法。数字化技术的加入符合精准治疗的理念,提高治疗的可预期性;此外数字化技术使治疗效果可视化,有利于医患的沟通和交流。本文对全口固定式种植义齿的治疗程序进行叙述,并介绍治疗程序中应用的各种数字化设备与技术,希望能为临床医生的诊疗工作提供参考。     

伴有附着丧失的乳磨牙无菌斑区宽度研究

对拔除的已有附着丧失的乳磨牙牙根无菌斑区面积进行测量,结果表明:无菌斑区面积在乳磨牙的近中面宽于颊侧和舌侧之和,其差异有显著性(P<0.001).无菌斑区在下颌乳磨牙面积大于上颌乳磨牙,第二乳磨牙范围大于第一乳磨牙,平均宽度1.75±0.49mm,其     

腭部种植体支抗稳定性的临床研究

目的评价腭部种植体支抗系统在临床固定矫治技术正畸治疗中的稳定性。方法将直径5.0mm、长6mm的种植体植入19例错畸形患者上颌前磨牙区腭中缝的硬腭,愈合期4周,以横腭杆连接上颌双侧磨牙和种植体作为强支抗,配合MBT矫治技术常规减数正畸治疗。对种植体植入时和支抗作用完成种植体取出前的头影测量指标进行配对比较。结果本组腭部种植体支抗成功率为84.3%,16颗种植体在口内行使功能的时间10～36个月,平均为(23.08±8.06)个月。种植体植入到种植体取出,IL-X轴分别为(62.88±5.85)mm和(62.45±6.70)mm,IL-Y轴为(36.66±5.41)mm和(37.96±4.90)mm,IAP-PP为(73.81±8.84)°和(74.72±9.22)°,IAP-Y轴为(62.09±9.33)°和(63.85±10.96)°,U6-Y轴为(20.80±5.87)mm和(21.49±6.00)mm,经配对t检验,差异均无统计学意义。结论腭部种植体支抗种植系统承载临床正畸力能保持稳定,从而起到增强磨牙支抗作用。     

腭侧旋转结缔组织瓣在上前牙种植修复中的临床研究

目的:探讨腭侧旋转结缔组织瓣在上颌前牙种植修复中的临床意义。方法:26例上颌前牙种植二期修复时,唇侧软组织有轻度缺损或凹陷,在牙槽嵴顶种植体位置作“H形”切口,形成颊侧带蒂粘骨膜瓣尖端带有腭侧的结缔组织瓣。将腭侧结缔组织旋转折叠,插入颊侧龈瓣内侧。愈合基台挤压龈乳头瓣诱导种植体周围龈乳头成形。2~4周后上部冠修复。6月后测量腭侧旋转结缔组织瓣移植前后唇侧牙龈丰满度等变化。结果:所有种植体均稳固,唇侧龈缘基本对称,手术前后唇侧软组织丰满度差为(1.10±0.45) mm,外形有明显改善,龈乳头顶到牙冠邻面接触点的距离为(2.05±0.76) mm。结论:腭侧旋转结缔组织瓣手术方法简单、易行,针对唇侧软组织缺损较少的部位可以较好地改善上颌前牙美学区种植义齿的软组织凹陷问题。     

Tomas微种植体矫治力系统竖直倾斜磨牙的三维有限元研究

目的 探讨微种植体复合矫治力系统竖直倾斜磨牙的影响.方法 对上颌第二恒磨牙向近中、颊侧倾斜的干燥头颅骨进行多层螺旋CT扫描,利用有限元软件建立上颌第二恒磨牙及其牙周支持组织的三维有限元模型,并观察计算机模拟微种植体位于不同位置、施加不同的远中向力和根颊向力偶矩时磨牙牙周膜的位移.结果 当微种植体位于第二恒磨牙近中颊侧牙槽骨,进行力学加载时,磨牙产生向远中倾斜、腭侧旋转的趋势;位于近中(牙合)面和近中腭侧牙槽骨,进行力学加载时,磨牙均产生向远中倾斜、颊侧旋转的趋势.结论 合理运用复合矫治力系统可以更有效地竖直倾斜磨牙.     

上颌单个前牙早期种植的软组织效果观测

目的:对上颌单个前牙早期种植牙龈软组织效果进行观察和分析。方法:28例上颌单个前牙缺失患者,在缺牙后4～8周,平均(6.2±2.4)周,植入Straumann种植体28枚。其中12例患者同期进行骨移植术。种植体愈合3～7个月后行永久修复。随访时间为5～24个月(平均14个月)。此期间使用改良龈沟出血指数(modification sulcus bleedingindex,MBI)、探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、牙龈乳头指数(papilla fill index,PFI)、PES(pink esthetic score)评分对种植修复体周围软组织进行评价,同时对种植修复体及对侧同名牙牙冠高度进行测量。结果:28枚种植体留存率100%。12例MBI记分为1。PD平均值为(3.1±1.3)mm。PFI得分为"2"以上27例。PES平均得分为10.45±2.25。种植修复体牙冠平均高度为(8.3±2.2)mm(7.0～11.7 mm),与对侧同名牙牙冠高度差值平均(0.8±0.3)mm(-0.7～1.5 mm)。结论:单个前牙早期种植,牙龈软组织的近期效果令人满意。     

不同垂直骨面型成人上下颌后牙区皮质骨密度测量研究

目的探讨不同垂直骨面型成人上下颌后牙区微螺钉种植体（MSI）常植入部位的皮质骨密度,为临床成功植入MSI提供参考。 方法采用整群抽样的方法从2015年1月至2018年12月广州市花都区妇幼保健院（胡忠医院）口腔正畸科就诊并拍摄锥形束CT（CBCT）的20 ~ 40岁成人患者中抽取57例患者,其中高角组患者20例、均角组患者22例和低角组患者15例。应用Ez3D-i软件重建上下颌骨三维模型,测量上下颌骨12个牙根间部位（距离牙槽嵴顶4 mm处）皮质骨密度（HU值）,运用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）比较3组各测量部位皮质骨密度均数的差异。 结果3组间上下颌后牙区颊侧多数测量部位皮质骨密度差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,其中高角组最小。上颌腭侧多数测量部位差异无统计学意义。各组中相同牙位上颌后牙区颊侧、腭侧、以及下颌颊侧皮质骨密度差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,其中上颌腭侧最小,下颌颊侧最大。 结论成人上下颌后牙区颊侧皮质骨密度受垂直骨面型影响,高角成人在上颌后牙区颊侧植入MSI需谨慎;上颌后牙区腭侧皮质骨密度几乎不受垂直骨面型影响,但骨密度低,植入MSI时也需谨慎。     

Palatal positioned implants in severely atrophic maxillae versus conventional implants to support fixed full-arch prostheses: Controlled retrospective study with 5 years of follow-up

Background

To evaluate soft tissue conditions and bone loss around palatal positioned implants supporting fixed full-arch prostheses to rehabilitate edentulous maxillae with horizontal atrophy and compare them with conventional well-centered implants placed in non-atrophic maxillae after a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

Material and Methods

A clinical retrospective study was performed of patients that were rehabilitated with full-arch fixed implant-supported maxillary prostheses and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years after implant loading. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with class IV maxilla according to Cawood and Howell and treated with palatal positioned implants (test) and with class III maxilla and treated with implants well-centered in the alveolar ridge and completely surrounded by bone (control). The following variables were assessed: age, sex, frequency of tooth brushing, smoking, type of prosthesis, type of implant, implant success, amount of buccal keratinized mucosa, buccal retraction, probing depth, plaque index, modified bleeding index, presence of mucositis or peri-implantitis and peri-implant bone loss. Statistical analysis was performed applying Chi2 Test and Student’s t-test using alpha set at 0.05.

Results

A total of 57 patients were included: 32 patients with 161 palatal positioned implants (test) and 25 patients with 132 well centered implants (control). No statistically significant differences were found regarding age, sex and smoking, but test group patients reported a significantly higher frequency of daily tooth brushing. Implant success rates were 96.9% for test group implants and 96.0% for control group implants. Peri-implant mucosa retraction was significantly higher in the control group than in the test group (p=0,017). No significant differences were observed either for all the other assessed clinical parameters or for peri-implant bone loss.

Conclusions

Despite its limitations the outcomes of the present study suggest that palatal positioned implants may be a good treatment alternative for patients with severe horizontal maxillary alveolar bone atrophy. Palatal positioned implants presented similar success rates, soft tissue conditions and peri-implant bone loss than well-centered implants placed completely surrounded by bone in non-atrophic ridges. Key words: Atrophic maxilla, bone atrophy, fixed dental prosthesis, dental implants.     

Satisfaction and quality of life with palatal positioned implants in severely atrophic maxillae versus conventional implants supporting fixed full-arch prostheses

Background

To evaluate satisfaction and quality of life in patients with palatal positioned implants supporting fixed full-arch prostheses to rehabilitate edentulous maxillae with horizontal atrophy and compare them with conventional well-centered implants placed in non-atrophic supporting fixed full-arch prostheses.

Material and Methods

A clinical retrospective study was performed of patients that were rehabilitated with full-arch fixed implant-supported maxillary prostheses and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years after implant loading. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with class IV maxilla according to Cawood and Howell and treated with palatal positioned implants (test) and with class III maxilla and treated with implants well-centered in the alveolar ridge and completely surrounded by bone (control). Ten-cm visual analogue scales (VAS) (range 1-10) and the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire were used respectively to estimate patient satisfaction and quality of life after implant therapy. Statistical analysis was performed applying Mann-Whitney Test using alpha set at 0.05.

Results

Mean global and specific satisfaction – except for self-esteem – were superior for the test group than the control group, although differences were not statistically significant. Regarding quality of life, the reported incidence of problems was lower in the test group for all the studied ítems except for ‘problems at work’. However, differences were not statistically significant in any case.

Conclusions

Despite the limitations of the study (retrospective and nonrandomized design) the results suggest that the prosthesis design needed to rehabilitate palatally positioned implants (more coverage of palate) does not lead to lower satisfaction and quality of life of patients, compared to patients treated with implants placed centered and conventional design prostheses that do not cover the palate. Key words:Atrophic maxilla, palatal implants, satisfaction, quality of life.     

A comparative study on 7-year results of “All-on-Four™” immediate-function concept for completely edentulous mandibles: metal-ceramic vs. bar-retained superstructures

The study aims to document the clinical outcomes over a 7-year period of two techniques used for the rehabilitation of edentulous mandibles according to the “All-on-Four?” concept: (1) fixed complete-arch prostheses fabricated with metal-ceramic implant-supported fixed prosthesis with a titanium framework and all-ceramic crowns and (2) bar-retained implant-supported removable prosthesis with acrylic resin prosthetic teeth. The study was performed on 32 patients who received immediately loaded “All-on-Four?” fixed mandibular prostheses. (Fixed prostheses with ceramic superstructures, n:16; bar-retained removable acrylic prostheses, n:16). The patients were evaluated for up to 7 years after prosthesis completion. The endpoints included the evaluation of prosthodontic complications, bone resorption, plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, periodontal probing depth and an oral health impact profile (OHIP). Bone loss remained under 1.2 mm in all of the implants, and no difference was observed between two groups. Plaque accumulation increased gradually in both groups, and the bar-retained acrylic-bearing implants showed significantly higher values during the first 5 years. Immediate improvement was assessed by the OHIP score in both groups. The observed bone loss and the subjective outcomes showed equivalent levels of clinical success for bar-retained and ceramic superstructures over a 7-year period. The higher level of plaque accumulation observed around implants with bar-retained superstructures requires that patients with acrylic superstructures be highly motivated to maintain their personal oral hygiene. Further studies are needed to clarify the occurrence of prosthodontic complications and assess their economic aspects.     

Within-subject comparison of maxillary long-bar implant-retained prostheses with and without palatal coverage: patient-based outcomes

Although maxillary implant overdentures are used in oral rehabilitation, different designs have not been compared previously in clinical trials. This crossover trial was designed to measure differences in patient satisfaction with maxillary long-bar implant overdentures with and without palatal coverage opposed by a fixed mandibular implant-supported prosthesis. Data were also gathered on new conventional dentures and on maxillary conventional dentures opposed by mandibular fixed prostheses. Sixteen participants were selected from a population wearing conventional dentures. Fifteen received new upper and lower dentures (1 drop-out). Four implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible (2 drop-outs). A mandibular fixed prosthesis was inserted in 13 participants, who were then divided into 2 groups. One group (n = 7) received long-bar overdentures with palate, then long-bar overdentures without palate. The other group (n = 6) received the same treatments in the reverse order. Mastication tests and psychometric evaluations using Visual Analog Scales and Categorical Scales were performed throughout the study. General satisfaction was very high with both maxillary implant-supported prostheses, as were ratings of almost all psychosocial and functional variables. There were no significant differences between treatments, suggesting that patients are equally satisfied with long-bar overdentures with and without palate when these are opposed by mandibular fixed prostheses. However, the ratings given to the maxillary implant prostheses were not significantly higher than for new conventional maxillary prostheses. This suggests that maxillary implant prostheses should not be considered as a general treatment of choice in patients with good bony support for maxillary conventional prostheses.     

口腔肿瘤治疗后上颌种植义齿失败的分析

目的:分析口腔肿瘤治疗和重建术后患者上颌种植修复失败的影响因素.方法:27例病人,共植入131枚上颌种植体,25例患者佩戴了上颌种植义齿,12例接受了术前或术后的放射治疗,采用Kaplan-meier的方法评价种植体和修复体的生存率,Log-rank检验比较放疗和未放疗患者的种植体和修复体生存率,对所观察种植体的边缘骨吸收,种植体周围袋深度,菌斑指数,种植体周围出血指数以及吸烟与否等资料进行了统计学分析.结果:接受放疗和未接受放疗的患者之间,其种植体和修复体的5年累计生存率差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);种植体周围袋深度,菌斑指数,种植体周围出血指数以及吸烟与种植义齿失败之间无显著差异.结论:放疗是影响上颌种植修复失败的主要因素,其它因素尚需进一步探索.     

Level of satisfaction in patients with maxillary full-arch fixed prostheses: zygomatic versus conventional implants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the satisfaction of patients with maxillary fixed prostheses supported by conventional and/or zygomatic implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients restored with complete maxillary implant-supported fixed prostheses were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: those with at least 1 zygomatic implant (the zygomatic group) and those with no zygomatic implants (the nonzygomatic group). Twelve months after prosthesis delivery, subjects indicated their satisfaction with the new prosthesis on a visual analog scale. Prostheses were rated in terms of general satisfaction, comfort and stability, ability to speak, easy of cleaning, esthetics, self-esteem, and functionality. RESULTS: Forty-six patients participated in the study (23 in each group). The mean level of satisfaction was high; the groups differed significantly only in satisfaction with esthetics. Patients in the zygomatic group had a higher average score for esthetics than those in the nonzygomatic group. Those who had previously worn conventional removable prostheses gave a higher score for functionality to the implant-supported fixed prosthesis compared to the removable prosthesis. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction with zygomatic implant-supported fixed prostheses was similar to that for fixed prostheses supported by conventional implants.     

Modal analysis of two different types of fixed implant-supported prostheses embedded in edentulous maxillae

PurposeModal analysis has been used to monitor and quantify the vibration of each component of a prosthesis at its natural frequency. An understanding of the vibrational characteristics of a prosthesis can guide selection of the appropriate prosthesis configuration to prevent excessive stress. In this study, modal analysis of fixed implant-supported prostheses with 4 or 6 abutments in edentulous maxillae was performed.MethodsSixteen patients underwent maxillary dental implant treatment and received screw-fixed implant-supported prostheses (9 patients received 4-abutment prostheses and 7 patients received 6-abutment prostheses) in edentulous maxillae. An impact hammer was used for excitation of the prostheses, and vibration was detected on every crown of the prostheses. The modal parameters were determined in each subject. Furthermore, the modal shapes were compared at each natural frequency.ResultsThe median natural frequencies of subjects with 4- and 6-abutment prostheses were 697 and 781 Hz, respectively. The mean damping ratios did not differ significantly between 4- (8.2 ± 1.7%) and 6-abutment (6.6 ± 1.7%) prostheses (p = 0.125). The mean maximum displacements of fixed prostheses were significantly lower for 6-abutment (10.3 ± 3.3 μm) than for 4- (20.3 ± 9.1 μm) prostheses (p = 0.004). The median number of vectors in antiphase was significantly lower for 6- (4) than for 4-abutment prostheses (14) (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated less adverse vibration in the 6-abutment prostheses than in the 4-abutment prostheses, suggesting that modal analysis can contribute to novel future developments in the designs of dental implant prostheses.     

Three-year data from a randomizd, controlled study of early loading of single-stage dental implants supporting maxillary full-arch prostheses

PURPOSE: The aim of this 3-year randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to compare biologic and technical treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction after early (< or = 14 days postimplantation) loaded implants with those of implants loaded after a healing period of 3 to 4 months in the edentulous maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with completely edentulous maxillae were randomized into a test group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 8). All patients received 5 or 6 solid screw-type titanium implants with sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surfaces. In total, 142 implants were placed and 139 implants were loaded with full-arch prostheses. Clinical assessments were obtained at loading and after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Radiographs of implants and existing teeth were taken at loading; after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months; and at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. RESULTS: The cumulative implant success rate 3 years after loading was 100%. At the 3-year examination the mean (P < or = .005), distal (P < or = .005), and mesial (P > .05) crestal bone levels were better in the test group. No significant differences between the test and control groups were noted for any other outcome measure. The most common adverse event in both groups was tooth-crown fracture. DISCUSSION: A review of the literature, both printed and electronic, revealed no study fulfilling the criteria of an RCT dealing with the early loading of maxillary full-arch prostheses. This study fulfills those criteria. CONCLUSION: In this study population it has been concluded that the early (approximately 2 weeks) loading protocol is a viable alternative to the standard (3 to 4 months) protocol in the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous maxilla with a complete implant-supported fixed prosthesis.     

悬臂梁式种植固定义齿的回顾性研究

目的:评价悬臂梁式种植固定义齿的长期临床效果。方法 :采用回顾性研究方法 ,收集2005-01—2011-06,在我科室采用悬臂梁式种植固定义齿修复58例患者(60个修复体,共103枚种植体)的临床及影像学资料。记录种植体的失败个数、修复体失败个数、边缘骨吸收情况、机械及生物并发症情况。结果:随访期内无种植体失败,有3个修复体失败。种植体7年累计存留率100%,修复体7年累计存留率为92.3%。随访期内并未见严重的边缘骨吸收,近悬臂端种植体周边缘骨吸收为(0.08±0.12)mm,远悬臂端种植体周边缘骨吸收为(0.09±0.14)mm。8个修复体(13%)、14枚种植体(14%)发生生物学并发症,11个修复体(18.3%)出现机械并发症。结论:本研究初步证实悬臂梁式种植固定义齿的修复方式临床效果是可靠的,可作为临床种植设计的一个可选方案。因较高的机械并发症,在选择螺丝固位方式时需加以注意。     

Immediate loading of dental implants placed in revascularized fibula free flaps: a clinical report on 2 consecutive patients

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to report the clinical outcome of dental implants placed in revascularized fibula flaps for the reconstruction of severely atrophied edentulous maxillae and immediately loaded with full-arch implant-supported prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients, a 55-year-old woman and a 59-year-old woman, who presented with severely atrophied edentulous maxillae and local anatomy incompatible with rehabilitation with conventional complete removable dentures and insufficient bone volume for placement of implants of adequate dimensions were selected for reconstruction with revascularized fibula free flaps. Three months after the reconstructive procedure, Br?nemark System dental implants (8 in the 55-year-old patient, 7 in the 59-year-old patient) were placed in the reconstructed areas and immediately loaded with implant-supported full-arch prostheses. The mean follow-up period of implants after the start of prosthetic loading was 24 months. Radiographic peri-implant bone level changes and peri-implant clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, and probing depth) were evaluated. RESULTS: No implants were lost during the follow-up period. Implant survival and success rates were 100% and 93.3%, respectively. Peri-implant clinical parameters presented values consistent with those obtained for implants placed in native nonreconstructed bone and allowed to heal before loading. DISCUSSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the successful immediate loading of implants placed in fibula free flaps for the rehabilitation of totally edentulous patients with severely resorbed maxillae or mandibles has been described. CONCLUSION: Despite the limited number of patients and the short follow-up period, immediate loading of implants placed in revascularized fibula free flaps appears to be a reliable method for the dental rehabilitation of these patients.