2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者临床特征分析

目的: 观察2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者和单纯2型糖尿病患者的平均血糖?血脂?血尿酸等指标以及心脑血管并发症及微量白蛋白尿发病情况,分析糖尿病伴原发性高血压的临床特征及其危害性?方法:2型糖尿病患者752例,分为合并原发性高血压组324例,血压正常组428例?分别观察患者性别?年龄?病程?体重指数?糖化血红蛋白?血脂?血尿酸?心脑血管并发症及尿微量白蛋白排泄率并加以分析?结果:2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者占43.1%;两组间性别?年龄?病程?糖化血红蛋白差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),原发性高血压组患者体质指数[(24.9±3.7) kg/m2]?总胆固醇[(4.9±1.3) mmol/L]?低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(3.1±1.2) mmol/L]?甘油三酯[(2.5±3.0) mmol/L]?血尿酸[(325.2±122.9) μmol/L]水平高于血压正常的糖尿病患者,心脑血管并发症发生率(15.1%)?尿微量白蛋白排泄率[(47.7±91.4) mg/g]及阳性率(24.3%)显著高于血压正常组患者(P < 0.01及P < 0.05)?结论:2型糖尿病患者中,伴原发性高血压者较非高血压人群具有更高的体质指数?总胆固醇?低密度脂蛋白胆固醇?甘油三酯和血尿酸水平,发生心脑血管病变和肾脏损害的几率升高?2型糖尿病患者需控制体重,纠正高血糖?血脂代谢紊乱和高尿酸血症,高度重视原发性高血压的防治,使代谢性指标和血压全面达标,从而更为有效地预防糖尿病心脑血管及肾脏并发症的发生?     

原发性高血压家系中高血压患者及其亲属血脂、血糖的比较

目的:探讨原发性高血压家系中高血压患者及其一级亲属的体重、血脂、血糖及胰岛素水平变化的临床意义。方法:收集10个原发性高血压家系成员共84例的资料(血压、体重、腰围、臀围、体重指数(BMI)等资料)并检测血脂、血糖和胰岛素水平。分3组:高血压患者组(A组)、正常血压一级亲属组(B组)、正常血压非一级亲属组(孙辈)(C组)。结果:(1)A组的年龄明显大于B、C组,血压增高与年龄显著相关,[3组分别为(57.25±15.96)(48.38±7.95)(35.78±17.84),均P<0.05];(2)3组的身高、体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、腰围/臀围(WHR)、腹围均无显著差异;3组的体重指数(BMI)>23,属超重,总BMI=23.84±4.13,原发性高血压家系BMI的均值高于正常水平。(3)A组的甘油三酯(TG)>1.7 mmol/L、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VIDL-C)>0.8 mmol/L均高于正常水平,3组间有显著性差异,P<0.05。3组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)均小于0.9 mmol/L,3组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),原发性高血压家系的HDL-C的均值低于正常水平。(4)3组的空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白A1(HbA1c)、空腹血胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽(cp)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)均无显著差异。结论:原发性高血压家系的高血压患者的TG、VIDL-C异常,可能与原发性高血压的发生有关。     

氯沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者血尿酸水平的影响

目的观察氯沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者血尿酸水平的影响.方法老年原发性高血压患者60例,随机分为二组观察组30例口服氯沙坦 50mg/d,对照组30例口服安氯地平5mg/d,均连续服药12周.结果观察组服氯沙坦治疗前、后血尿酸水平分别为(446.3±6.2)mmol/L和(410.5±7.1)mmol/L,服药后血尿酸水平较服药前明显下降(P<0.01);对照组服安氯地平治疗前、后血尿酸分别为(440.5±5.5) mmol/L和(436.8±6.8) mmol/L,无明显变化(P>0.05);观察组服氯沙坦治疗前、后血压水平分别为(164/110±7/8) mmHg 和(132/84±7/6) mmHg ,对照组服安氯地平治疗前、后血压水平分别为(167/112 ±10/7) mmHg和(128/80±5/7) mmHg,二组患者服药后血压水平较服药前均明显下降(P<0.01);二组患者服药后血压水平无明显差异性(P>0.05).结论氯沙坦能降低老年原发性高血压患者血尿酸水平.     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病糖化血红蛋白及尿微量蛋白测定的意义

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病 (NIDDM)早期肾损伤的诊断方法及预防措施。方法　用免疫比浊法检测血清载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、B (apoB) ,尿转铁蛋白 (TRF)和尿微量白蛋白 (mALB) ;终点法检测血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-Cho) ;两点法检测尿肌酐 (Cr) ;色谱分光光度计法检测糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1C)。结果　糖尿病组TRF/Cr、mALB/Cr、HBA1c分别为 (5 0 6± 3 81)mg/mmol、 (7 72± 5 91)mg/mmol、(7 5 9± 2 30 ) % ,与对照组比较 [其值分别为 (1 2 0± 0 81)mg/mmol、 (1 71± 0 70 )mg/mmol、 (4 4 0±0 88) % ]差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。血脂分析结果表明TG、apoB增高 ,HDL -Cho、apoA1降低 ,4 4例糖尿病患者中有 2 9例HbA1C 明显增高 ,其中TRF/Cr,mALB/Cr与 15例HbA1C 正常者相比差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　测定TRF、mALB是诊断糖尿病早期肾损伤的灵敏、可靠的指标     

城市老年人高血压相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨城市老年人高血压及相关危险因素.方法 整群选取2014年8月—2016年8月在济南医院健康体检的65岁以上市属企业离退休干部2450名,检测血压、体重指数(BMI)、血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿素氮(Bun)、肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)之间的关系进行t检验及Logistic回归分析.结果 高血压组的平均年龄为(77.42±3.24)岁,高于血压正常组的(76.24±4.05)岁;BMI为(26.75±3.28)高于血压正常组的(21.52±1.74);血糖为(6.69±1.54)mmol/L,高于血压正常组的(6.25±1.83)mmol/L;高血压家族史人群中高血压发病率为87.1%,明显高于无家族史人群,差异有统计学意义;而TC、TG、Bun、Cr、UA两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);通过Logistic回归分析,年龄、BMI、高盐饮食、高血压家族史是老年人高血压的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05).结论 年龄、BMI、高盐饮食、高血压家族史是影响老年人高血压的重要因素.     

银种城区1558名健康人血清总胆固醇及甘油三脂含量分析

对宁夏银川城区1558名健康人血清总胆固醇(TC)及甘油三脂(TG)进行性别、年龄分组测定。结果,男性TC均值4.77±1.05mmol/L,女性4.69±1.06mmol/L,TG均值男性为1.27±0.56mmol/L,女性1.22±0.49mmol/L,TC和TG均值与全国水平相当,TC值性别差别不明显（P>0.05）,TG值性别差别明显（P<0.05）。     

肥胖青少年血脂代谢变化的调查

目的　探讨青少年肥胖与代谢综合征的关系。方法　从年龄 17～ 19岁的 2 4 0 0例学生中筛选出体重指数(BMI)≥ 2 5kg/m2 的肥胖学生 (肥胖组 ) 116例 ,BMI在 (18.5～ 2 3.0 )kg/m2 之间体重正常学生 (正常组 ) 6 0例 ,测定血糖、血脂、谷氨酰转肽酶 (GGT)水平。同时做肝脏B超 ,测量血压及腰围 ,比较两组差异。结果　肥胖组血糖、甘油三酯 (TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)水平虽然在正常范围内 ,但血糖和TG水平高于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ,分别为 [(4.72± 0 .85 )mmol/L比 (4.13± 0 .33)mmol/L ,(1.5 7± 0 .93)mmol/L比 (0 .93± 0 .32 )mmol/L]。HDL C水平低于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) [(1.14± 0 .2 4 )mmol/L比 (1.38± 0 .2 6 )mmol/L]。肥胖组GGT水平异常检出率及脂肪肝的检出率分别是 2 1.5 4 %和 4 0 .31% ,均明显高出正常组。结论　肥胖青少年可能存在潜在的糖代谢和脂代谢异常等代谢综合征改变。     

肾移植后合并高脂血症的营养支持

目的探讨膳食调控对肾移植后合并高脂血症的疗效。方法对32例肾移植术后合并高脂血症的患者进行膳食调控，检测膳食调控前、后血总胆固醇、甘油三酯水平及体重的变化。结果膳食调控前与调控后2个月比较，患者血胆固醇水平由(7.95±0.86)mmol／L降至(6.28±0.63)mmol／L；血甘油三酯水平由(2.97±0.61)mmol／L降至(1.74±0.33)mmol／L(P<0.01)；体重由(71.30±3.57)kg降至(67.98±3.89)kg(P<0.05)。结论正确选择营养物质和合理配方，使本组肾移植术后合并高脂血症得到控制，有利于心血管疾病的预防。     

血清可溶性E选择素水平与血压的相关性研究

目的　探讨血清可溶性E 选择素 (sE selectin)浓度与血压水平、肥胖度、血糖及血脂等的关系。方法　测定 95例无靶器官损害的 1级原发性高血压患者 (HT组 )和 35例正常血压者 (NT组 )的空腹血清sE selectin浓度、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、体重指数 (BMI)、空腹血糖 (FPG)、总胆固醇 (TC)和三酰甘油 (TG)。分析血清sE selectin浓度与其他各项参数的相关性。结果　①HT组血清sE selectin浓度为 ( 4 2 .5± 15 .3) μg/L ,高于NT组的 ( 33.2± 14 .8) μg/L(P <0 .0 1) ,但经协方差较正BMI后 ,两组间血清sE selectin浓度的差异无显著性 ;②两组 ( 130例 )的血清sE selectin浓度为 ( 4 0 .0± 15 .7) μg/L ,与SBP、DBP、BMI和TG呈显著正相关(P值分别 <0 .0 5和 <0 .0 0 1) ;③在剔除超重、体重过轻者后 ,HT组 ( 2 9例 )与NT组 ( 30例 )的血清sE selectin浓度分别为 ( 37.5± 12 .3) μg/L和 ( 35 .2± 15 .0 ) μg/L ,两组差异无显著性 ,但仍与BMI显著相关 ,而与血压值不相关。结论　无靶器官损害的 1级原发性高血压患者和正常血压者血清sE selectin浓度与血压不相关 ,而与人体肥胖程度显著相关     

尿微量蛋白联合尿酶诊断肾早期损伤

目的 :探讨早期诊断肾脏损伤的方法。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附法定量检测尿微量白蛋白、尿微量蛋白(Alb)、尿蛋白 1(UP1)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP) ,比色法测量N -乙酰 -B -D -葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) ,Jaffe速度法测定尿肌酐 (Cr)。结果 :正常对照组尿Alb/Cr(1.93± 0 .42 )mg·mmol 1、UPl/Cr(47.6 1± 5 .86 )ug·mmol 1、RBP/Cr(2 4.41± 3.5 5 )ug·mmol 1,NRG/Cr(0 .96± 0 .5 8)u·mmol 1,尿蛋白定性阴性的糖尿病、高血压、系统性红斑狼疮及尿路感染患者尿Alb/Cr、UP1/Cr、RBP/Cr及NAG/Cr较正常对照组增高 (P <0 .0 1)。尿蛋白定性阳性的患者Alb/Cr、UP/Cr、RBP/Cr及NAG/Cr较正常对照组显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,单项或双项检测Alb、Upl、RBP或NAG这四项指标阳性率偏低 ,将这四项指标联合检测在糖尿病、高血压、系统性红斑狼疮及尿路感染中阳性率分别达 92 %、80 %、85 %、76 % ,大大提高了阳性检出率。结论 :联合检测尿Alb、UP1、RBP及NAG是诊断肾脏早期损伤的灵敏、可靠的实验室指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.