1976～1990年北京地区腺病毒肺炎的流行特点及分子流行病学研究

对１９７６～１９９０年度１５个冬春２７５７例住院肺炎患儿作了病毒学检查，并对８０～９０年代及部分５０、６０年代分离的３、７型腺病毒（Ａｄ３、Ａｄ７）９９株用１２种ＤＮＡ限制性内切酶作了基因组型分析。研究结果阐明了北京地区腺病毒（Ａｄｖ）肺炎的流行特点。１９７６年以来北京地区没有出现Ａｄｖ肺炎的爆发流行，仅有小规模的流行。Ａｄ３、Ａｄ７仍是Ａｄｖ肺炎的主要病原，但在不同阶段以一个血清型为主。１９８２年以后Ａｄｖ肺炎的发病率逐渐下降；病情减轻。ＤＮＡ限制性内切酶分析揭示了北京地区引起肺炎Ａｄ３、Ａｄ７基因组型分布。Ａｄ７中有６个基因组型，Ａｄ３中有３个基因组型。１９５８、１９６５年曾出现７ａ１、７ａ４、７ｂ及７ｇ，以后未再检出；１９６２年出现３ａ２。１９８０～１９９０年７ｄ及３ａ２是优势基因组型。Ａｄ７中除１９８４年一株７ｄ１外均为７ｄ。１９８４及１９８６年分别检出３ａ４及３ａ６。     

湖北省1989～1992年A组轮状病毒分子流行病学调查

对１９８９～１９９２年在湖北省内收集的２４９份婴幼儿腹泻粪便标本用ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＣＡＴ试剂盒和核酸电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）等３种方法检测Ａ组轮状病毒。这３种方法各有优点，可基本满足临床检测的需要。共检出７种电泳型、３种血清型的Ａ组轮状病毒，表明近年来该病毒在我省的流行与８０年代初相似，仍以血清１型占优势，但有多种电泳型和血清型同时或交替流行。该类病毒的遗传多样性和易变性增加了预防和控制的难度。     

液氯和二氧化氯对病毒灭活作用对比实验研究

应用病毒细胞病变法（ＣＰＥ）研究液氯和二氧化氯对六种病毒［脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅰ型（ｐｏｌｉｏ＿１）、柯萨奇病毒Ｂ＿３（ＣＶＢ＿３）、艾可病毒１１型，（ＥＣＨＯ＿１１）、腺病毒７型（ＡｄＶ＿７）、单纯性疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（ＨＳＶ＿１）、腮腺炎病毒（ＭＶ）］的灭活作用。结果表明，液氯投置最高浓度达７．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、作用时间６０分钟时对上述六种病毒均达不到灭活效果。而二氧化氯投置仅在１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、作用时间３０分钟时即可达到灭活效果。二氧化氯在ｐＨ３．０～７．０时对病毒有显著的灭活作用。总之，二氧化氯是一种优于液氯的广谱、高效、快速的饮水杀病毒剂。     

JM细胞分泌液体外抗病毒作用的研究

本文采用组织培养技术对ＪＭ细胞分泌液（ＪＭＣＳ）体外抗单纯疱疹病毒１型（ＨＳＶ１），巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ），腺病毒１型（ＡｄＶ１），麻疹病毒（ＭＬＶ）和小儿麻痹病毒１型（Ｐ１Ｖ）作用进行了研究。结果显示在病毒接种的同时或吸附后加入ＪＭＣＳ能明显地抑制ＨＳＶ１、Ａｄｖ１，ＣＭＶ的增殖且抑制作用随ＪＭＣＳ浓度的提高而增强，对病毒的抑制滴度分别为１００ＴＣＩＤ５０     

早产儿、低体重儿人工胃肠支持

本研究把不能正常吸吮的４例早产儿、３例低体重儿分为三组。母乳全肠内营养（ＴＥＮ）组２例，肠内加静脉营养（ＥＮ＋ＰＮ）组３例，全静脉营养（ＴＰＮ）组２例。产后１～３ｄ、４～７ｄ、８～１４ｄ给予每个病儿的液体量分别为１２０ｍｌ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）、１５０ｍｌ／...     

581例高危妇女性传播疾病调查

５８１例高危妇女性传播疾病调查朱威１连石１田秋华１宋承田１徐方２赫翠珍３姚庆英３高天祥３郭晓磊４为了解高危人群性传播疾病（ＳＴＤ）流行情况，我们对性罪错妇女进行了调查与分析。１．调查对象与方法：１９９３年７月～１９９５年１２月北京地区的性罪错妇女共５...     

^99mTc—DTPA测定肠道通透性的方法及应用

目的：建立９９ｍ锝┐乙三胺五乙酸（９９ｍＴｃ┐ＤＴＰＡ）测定肠道通透性的方法并观察其在临床和动物实验研究中的应用效果。方法：口服９９ｍＴｃ┐ＤＴＰＡ３７～７４ＭＢｑ，收集２４ｈ尿液，γ计数器测定尿液中ＤＴＰＡ排泄量。采用此方法观察了９例健康人和２５例胃肠道手术病人手术前及术后７天肠道通透性，３组病人术后７天分别给予谷氨酰胺０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）（Ａ组，ｎ＝８），０．３ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）（Ｂ组，ｎ＝８）和０．６ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）（Ｃ组，ｎ＝９）；１０头杂交猪自体小肠移植后分别给予标准全肠外营养（ＳＴＰＮ组，ｎ＝５）和强化３％甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的全肠外营养（ＧＴＰＮ组，ｎ＝５）２８天观察移植小肠的通透性。结果：９例健康人２４ｈ尿液ＤＴＰＡ排泄率为４．８６±１．８６％，术后７天Ａ、Ｂ二组病人ＤＴＰＡ排泄率较术前明显增加（６．６４±３．９５％ｖｓ１３．７１±４．８５％；８．８８±３．９５％ｖｓ１０．７６±２．８８％，Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｃ组手术前后肠道通透性无变化（６．８０±２．１２％ｖｓ３．５５±１．２９％，Ｐ＞０．０５）。术后２８天ＳＴＰＮ组ＤＴＰＡ排泄率明显高于ＧＴＰＮ组（２４．０１±７．４４％ｖｓ７．７７±３．０４％，Ｐ＜     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病

探讨用 Ｈ Ｌ Ａ 相合的同胞异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗急性髓细胞白血病及 Ａ Ｂ Ｏ 血型不合的 Ｐ Ｂ Ｓ Ｃ Ｔ 的情况,采用 Ｃ Ｔ Ｘ６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ×２ ＋ Ｔ Ｂ Ｉ７０ ～７５ Ｇｙ 直线加速器照射＋ Ｃ Ｃ Ｎ Ｕ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ×１ ± Ｖ Ｐ１６３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ×１ 对受者作预处理,供者经 Ｇ－ Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ６μｇ／ｋｇ ×５ｄ 动员后,用血细胞分离机（ Ｂａｘｔｅｒ Ｃ Ｓ３０００ｐｌｕｓ） 分离采集干细胞去除红细胞。对 Ａ Ｂ Ｏ 血型不合的 Ｐ Ｂ Ｓ Ｃ,强化移植物抗宿主病（ Ｇ Ｖ Ｈ Ｄ） 预防方案中 Ｍ Ｔ Ｘ 用量及次数;选输合适血制品。结果３ 例病人输注单个核细胞数分别为４０ 、１００ 、５０ ×１０８／ｋｇ , Ｃ Ｄ３４ ＋ 细胞分别为３６ 、１９０ 、２０ ×１０６／ｋｇ ;干细胞悬液中红细胞残存量分别为２３ｍｌ、１４ｍｌ、２６ ｍｌ,红细胞残存率分别为４ ％ 、３ ％ 、５３ ％ 。移植后造血重建迅速。例１ 于＋ ３４ｄ 染色体完全转变为供者型;例２ 于＋ ４０ｄ 血型完全转变为供者型,＋ ４５ｄ 染色体完全转变为供者型,例３ ＋ ５５ｄ 血型完全转变为供者型。没有输血溶血和免疫溶血发生。例２ 为主,次要 Ａ Ｂ Ｏ 均不合,则早期     

三种新型防噪声耳塞声衰减值的测定

本文采用Ｍ×４１／ＡＲ型缓冲垫的ＴＤＨ３９型耳机，对噪声作业人员等，用自己配戴耳塞的方法，测定了美国Ｃａｂｏｔ公司的蘑菇状耳塞、松树状耳塞和柱状耳塞在０．１２５～８ｋＨｚ之间１０个音频上的声衰减值，结果如下：①三种耳塞的平均声衰减值在２５～２８ｄＢ之间，三者无差别。它们都是对中高频特别是对高频的衰减效果好，且三种耳塞在各频率上的平均声衰减值（ｄＢ）与其频率（ｋＨｚ）呈直线相关，其回归方程分别为：ｙ＝１８．５＋２．５ｘ，ｙ＝２１．０５＋２．５１ｘ，ｙ＝１５．１＋３．７ｘ。②由于测试的方法不同，本次的实测值较厂家的理论值平均低７～１７ｄＢ（相当于６０～８０％），尤其是柱状耳塞和磨菇状耳塞及其在１２５Ｈｚ～２ｋＨｚ的差别更大。③与国产护耳器中较好的ＸＸ型泡沫塑料耳塞的平均实际声衰减值比较高５～１０ｄＢ，④三种耳塞的ＮＲＲ值分别为１１ｄＢ、８ｄＢ和４ｄＢ，仅为厂家的１４～４４％。同时也说明，要想提高噪声的个人防护效果，不但要重视耳塞的选择，还要重视耳塞的佩戴方法。本次的测定结果仅供参考。     

EHFV气溶胶感染乳小鼠抗原在体内的动态分布

本项研究用ＥＨＦＶ Ｈ８２０５株气溶胶感染１～３龄乳小鼠，乳小鼠吸入０．０２４ＰＦＵ病毒就发生感染，分别在感染后的４ｈ，１６ｈ，１ｄ，２ｄ，３ｄ，４ｄ，５ｄ，７ｄ，９ｄ，１２ｄ，１４ｄ，１６ｄ，２１ｄ各取４只活杀，对７种脏器组织（肺、脑、肾、脾、肝、胸腺和心）用Ｖｅｒｏ－Ｅ６细胞培养病毒和直接免疫荧光法进行病毒抗原的测定。结果表明：肺从感染后的第４ｈ～２１天、脑和肾从第２～２１天、脾从第３～２１天     

Epidemic outbreaks of adenovirus 7 with special reference to the pathogenicity of adenovirus genome type 7b

Adenovirus type 7 (Ad 7) is the serotype among the 36 recognized adenovirus types which most frequently has been associated with severe illness. Three different epidemic patterns of Ad 7 infection can be distinguished: 1) the first appears during the winter among infants with median age below two years, has characteristic symptoms of high fever and pneumonia and an outcome that may be fatal: 2) the second appears in the fall among children with median age seven years, has characteristic symptoms of high fever, pneumonia, abdominal symptoms and meningism and an outcome that is favorable; 3) and the third has been seen as acute respiratory disease among military recruits. In the United States, the last mentioned outbreaks require prophylaxis in the form of a live enteric-coated vaccine. DNA restriction site mapping demonstrated the occurrence of three distinct viral entities of Ad 7, which have been designated Ad 7 prototype, Ad 7a (the vaccine strain) and the Ad 7b genome type. In the present study, 36 isolates obtained from outbreaks with the first and the second epidemic patterns were analyzed by restriction endonucleases Bam HI and Sma I. All were identified as the newly recognized Ad 7b genome type. It is concluded that this genome type is responsible for a large portion of the severe infections caused by Ad 7. The epidemic nature of Ad 7 and the severe illness noted among infants indicate that vaccination of institutionalized infants could be considered during years when Ad 7 epidemics appear.     

Adenovirus type 7 peptide diversity during outbreak, Korea, 1995-2000

To understand the molecular basis of observed regional shifts in the genome types of adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) isolated in Korea during nationwide outbreaks from 1995 to 2000, the genetic variabilities of Ad7d and Ad7l were studied by sequence analysis of hexon, fiber, E3, and E4 open reading frame (ORF) 6/7 peptides. One amino acid change in the receptor-binding domain of fiber and 6 amino acid variations in E4 ORF 6/7 were identified between 2 genome types, while no variations were found in hexon and E3. Phylogenetic trees based on hexon, fiber, and E4 suggested that the Ad7 epidemic was probably caused by the introduction of the Japanese Ad7d strains. Our data also provide evidence that the rapid divergence of Ad7d to a novel genome type Ad7l could have been due to viral strategies involving multiple sequence changes in E4. This result suggests fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 peptides participate in the evolution of Ad7.     

Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 7 in the United States, 1966-2000

Genetic variation among 166 isolates of human adenovirus 7 (Ad7) obtained from 1966 to 2000 from the United States and Eastern Ontario, Canada, was determined by genome restriction analysis. Most (65%) isolates were identified as Ad7b. Two genome types previously undocumented in North America were also identified: Ad7d2 (28%), which first appeared in 1993 and was later identified throughout the Midwest and Northeast of the United States and in Canada; and Ad7h (2%), which was identified only in the U.S. Southwest in 1998 and 2000. Since 1996, Ad7d2 has been responsible for several civilian outbreaks of Ad7 disease and was the primary cause of a large outbreak of respiratory illness at a military recruit training center. The appearance of Ad7d2 and Ad7h in North America represents recent introduction of these viruses from previously geographically restricted areas and may herald a shift in predominant genome type circulating in the United States.     

Emergent strain of human adenovirus endemic in Iowa

We evaluated 76 adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) isolates collected in Iowa from 1992 to 2002 and found that genome type Ad7d2 became increasingly prevalent. By 2002, it had supplanted all other Ad7 genome types. The association of Ad7d2 with severe illness and death calls for heightened public health concern.     

应用实时荧光聚合酶链反应检测婴幼儿腹泻标本中的腺病毒

目的 建立实时荧光聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)方法检测腺病毒,并分析浙江省温州地区散发性婴幼儿腹泻患者不同型别腺病毒的感染情况.方法 根据GenBank中腺病毒六邻体基因序列设计一对通用引物,建立Real-time PCR方法检测婴幼儿腹泻标本中腺病毒DNA,并与免疫层析法比较;同时对Real-time PCR方法 检测阳性的标本进行PCR产物测序和病毒分离培养及酶切鉴定.结果 建立快速、特异检测婴幼儿腹泻标本中腺病毒DNA的Real-time PCR技术.157份婴幼儿腹泻标本中免疫层析法检测阳性3份,阳性率为1.91%;Real-time PCR检测阳性5份,阳性琦率为3.18%(5/157);154份免疫层析法检测阴性标本中,有2份Real-time PCR法检测为阳性.5份Real-time PCR检测阳性标本经测序鉴定,Ad3型占1.91%(3/157),Ad7型占1.27%(2/157);经病毒分离培养检出阳性2例,酶切鉴定为Ad3型.结论 Real-rime PCR技术结合PCR产物直接测序分析具有敏感、特异等优点,适用于腹泻标本中腺病毒的检测及分型.2008年2-4月浙江省温州地区散发性婴幼儿腹泻的腺病毒主要为Ad3型和Ad7型.     

Comparative studies on aetiology and epidemiology of viral conjunctivitis in three countries of East Asia--Japan, Taiwan and South Korea

A total number of 1105 cases with viral conjunctivitis, mainly epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis (EKC) consisting of 354 cases from Sapporo, Japan, of 628 from Kaohsiung, Taiwan and of 123 from Busan, Korea, encountered during the periods, 1980-81 and/or 1983, were studied aetiologically and epidemiologically. Patients were aged from 27 days to 88 years with a peak in the 20-29 year age group. Aetiological diagnoses were established in 610 cases (55%), consisting of 536 cases (49%) caused by adenoviruses and of 74 (7%) by EV 70. The most frequently detected agent was Ad 8 (57%), followed by EV 70 (12%), Ad 3 (9%) and Ad 19 (7%). The aetiological profiles of viral conjunctivitis were generally similar in three cities of East Asia. EKC (70%) was mainly caused by Ad 8, Ad 19 and Ad 37, but AHC (13%) by EV 70 and PCF (5%) by Ad 3 and Ad 11. Ad 19 and Ad 37 isolates in three cities were compared with the cleavage patterns with restriction endonucleases, BamHl, Smal, Sall and Hindlll. All of the Ad 19 isolates tested were identical to Ad 19a reported by Wadell et al, and all but three isolates of Ad 37 were identical to the Ad 37 prototype prevalent in Europe and the US. The three isolates of Ad 37, different from the prototype in cleavage pattern with Hindlll, designated as Ad 37A, were detected in Sapporo and Kaohsiung in 1980. From the cleavage patterns with four restriction endonucleases, Hindlll, BamHl, Sa1l and Sstl, the Ad 8 isolates in 1983 were divided into three subtypes, which were associated with the cities isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

乌鲁木齐地区腹泻患儿腺病毒感染的检测和分型

目的:了解2011年乌鲁木齐地区腹泻患儿腺病毒(AdV)的感染情况,分析该地区AdV的基因亚型,进行AdV感染分子流行病学调查。方法:采集在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院和门诊≤5岁腹泻患儿粪便标本315份,采用胶体金法检测轮状病毒(RV)抗原,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法对上述标本进行AdV检测,并对AdV阳性标本测序明确基因型。结果:315份粪便标本中共检出AdV阳性12例,总阳性率为3.81%,低于RV检出率26.35%,AdV和RV混合感染3例。AdV阳性标本中肠道腺病毒(EAdV,F组)Ad41占2.54%(8/315),其次是非肠道腺病毒(NEAdV)占1.27%(4/315),分别为Ad1、Ad3、Ad5、Ad7、Ad31型。12份阳性标本测序结果提示该地区AdV与参考株的核苷酸序列同源性为73%～99%。结论:乌鲁木齐地区AdV感染呈全年散发流行,未表现出明显的季节性,其主要的流行株为Ad41型。     

腺病毒引起呼吸道感染疫情调查分析

目的探讨一起家庭呼吸道感染疫情的病原学,及腺病毒感染流行病学特征。方法采用相应的流行病学个案调查表进行现场调查,描述流行特征;采集患者咽拭子或呼吸道吸取物,利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术进行病毒核酸检测,确定致病原。结果累计发病7例,其中1例中老年患者出现重症肺炎并死亡,RT-PCR病毒核酸检测确认腺病毒感染;临床表现主要为发热,38℃以上,伴有乏力、肌肉酸痛、咳嗽、咽痛等症状,潜伏期大约4～10d,病程1W左右,通过封闭环境短距离长时间接触呼吸道传播。结论此起疫情由腺病毒感染引起,通过不明原因肺炎监测报告机制发现。     

2013-2014年北京市怀柔区散发腹泻患者的 腺病毒感染调查

摘要:目的　了解北京怀柔地区腹泻患者腺病毒感染情况及其分子特征。方法　采集怀柔区2013年4月至2014年3月120例腹泻患者粪便标本,用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法检测腺病毒hexon区域,然后对PCR阳性扩增产物进行测序。采用Mega软件对序列进行比对并构建进化树。结果　120例标本中腺病毒阳性24例,检出率为20.0%;其中7月龄到2岁婴幼儿患者检出率最高,为26.7%（16/60）;2个感染高峰分别为6-8月和10-11月,其余月份有腺病毒感染的散发。对其中18例腺病毒hexon区域PCR阳性产物测序和系统进化分析显示,13例为腺病毒F组41型（72.2%,13/18）,2例为F组40型（11.1%,2/18）,2例为C组的Ad2和Ad6（11.1%,2/18）,A组31型1例。结论　腺病毒是怀柔地区2013-2014年病毒性腹泻的重要病原之一,F组41型为优势流行株,同时有其他型别的散发。     

Adenovirus eye infections in an Australian city, 1972-9.

A number of adenovirus serotypes have been associated with both sporadic cases and outbreaks of conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever but only adenovirus type 8 and adenovirus type 19 have been responsible for wide-spread epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis. In Melbourne, Australia, in the past eight years these two serotypes have been prevalent, resulting in an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 kerato-conjunctivitis in 1976-7 followed by adenovirus type 19 kerato-conjunctivitis in 1978-9. During these two periods of peak incidence, 53 cases of adenovirus type 8 and 43 cases of adenovirus type 19 kerato-conjunctivitis were confirmed by isolation.