Percutaneous tumor ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: This report reviews the current clinical status of percutaneous ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CONCLUSION: HCC is increasing in incidence. Multiple percutaneous ablation methods are now available for primary treatment or for bridging to transplantation. Percutaneous ethanol instillation and radiofrequency ablation are the most extensively evaluated percutaneous treatments for HCC. Newer technologies are being evaluated and may change future practice patterns.     

Microwave ablation after downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: outcome was similar to tumor within Milan criteria

European Radiology - The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients receiving microwave ablation (MWA), either after downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with...     

Small nodular hepatocellular carcinoma treated by laser thermal ablation in high risk locations: preliminary results

Objectives

To demonstrate the effectiveness and the safety of laser thermal ablation (LTA) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deemed not accessible for other percutaneous procedures (radiofrequency ablation, sclerotherapy).

Methods

From September 2003 to August 2008, 140 patients with HCC nodules were treated. In 49 patients, the lesions were localized in “critical sites”. A total of 29 men and 20 women (age range 51–79 years; Child–Pugh score A = 75.51%, B = 24.49%) with 52 nodules (mean diameter 2.0?±?1.2 cm) were treated in 95 percutaneous LTA sessions. We compared major and minor complications observed in the two groups of patients. Effectiveness was defined as the percentage of HCCs completely ablated after percutaneous LTA. Follow-up was carried out with computed tomography (CT) at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Results

No major complications or deaths were registered. In a few patients (8.16%), minor complications were observed. No substantial differences were observed on comparing the percentage of minor and major complications in these patients with the remaining patients. A difference in terms of effectiveness was found.

Conclusion

LTA can be considered a safe treatment in “critical nodules”.     

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status

Ablation therapy is one of the best curative treatment options for malignant liver tumors, and can be an alternative to resection. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of primary and secondary liver cancers can be performed safely using percutaneous, laparoscopic, or open surgical techniques, and RFA has markedly changed the treatment strategy for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Percutaneous RFA can achieve the same overall and disease-free survival as surgical resection for patients with small HCC. The use of a laparoscopic or open approach allows repeated placements of RFA electrodes at multiple sites to ablate larger tumors. RFA combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization will make the treatment of larger tumors a clinically viable treatment alternative. However, an accurate evaluation of treatment response is very important to secure successful RFA therapy. Since a sufficient safety margin (at least 0.5 cm) can prevent local tumor recurrences, an accurate evaluation of treatment response is very important to secure successful RFA therapy. To minimize complications of RFA, clinicians should be familiar with the imaging features of each type of complication. Appropriate management of complications is essential for successful RFA treatment.     

Radiofrequency ablation combined with chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment response based on tumor size and morphology

PURPOSE: To evaluate local therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on tumor size and morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients underwent RF ablation under ultrasonographic or real-time computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopic guidance within 2 weeks after chemoembolization. One hundred eight lesions were treated. Sixty-five lesions were small (相似文献   

肝细胞癌的射频消融治疗:外科医生的观点

肝脏切除目前仍然是肝癌治疗的首选方法,但射频消融(RFA)对直径＜3cm的小肝细胞癌(HCC)可获得相当效果.由于肿瘤大小、位置、技术等诸多因素,射频消融治疗仍存在缺陷,若要突破此瓶颈,达到外科切除的效果,则应遵循外科的治疗原则,一次性对肿瘤进行完全消融是非常必要的.目前,在腹腔镜辅助下,对一些位置特殊及直径较大(＞3cm)的HCC已能实现一次性完全消融,且无痛、安全、微创.把微创外科与外科消融两种理念相结合,有可能促进HCC治疗的进一步提高和发展.     

肝癌微波消融术后患者复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨胆囊切除对行肝癌微波消融（microwave ablation,MWA）患者预后的影响。 方法72例接受MWA治疗肝癌的患者,分为胆囊切除组（36例）和非胆囊切除组（36例）,分析总生存率（overall survival,OS）和无进展生存率（progression free survival,PFS）,比较胆囊切除组和非胆囊切除组的预后结果。采用单因素和多因素Cox分析评估总生存率和无进展生存率的潜在危险因素以及比较两组之间的预后。 结果本研究胆囊切除组纳入36例（50.00%）,非胆囊切除组纳入36例（50.00%）。胆囊切除组中位OS为35.55个月（4.20～36.00个月）,非胆囊切除组31.19个月（10.80～36.00个月） （P=0.894）。随访结束前,胆囊切除组和非胆囊切除组的死亡率分别为22.22%和22.22%。胆囊切除组1、2、3年累积总生存率分别为91.67%、79.91%、75.71%,非胆囊切除组分别为97.22%、88.72%和73.81%（P=0.97）。胆囊切除组中位PFS为7.67个月（1.68～32.30个月）,非胆囊切除组为18.25个月（2.24～33.60个月） （P<0.01）。随访结束时,胆囊切除组和非胆囊切除组肝癌复发率分别为69.44%和91.67%,胆囊切除组1、2、3年累积无进展生存率分别为36.11%、16.67%、0.00%,非胆囊切除组分别为77.78%、46.89%和0.00%。非胆囊切除组的累积无进展生存率明显高于胆囊切除组（P<0.01）。多因素分析显示肿瘤数量为3（HR=18.91,95%CI：1.54～232.99,P=0.02）是与OS相关的独立危险因素。多因素分析显示胆囊切除术（HR=3.55,95%CI：1.74～7.26,P<0.01）,肿瘤数量为2和3（HR=2.21,95%CI：1.10～4.42,P=0.02;HR=3.63,95%CI：1.26～10.45,P=0.02）和AFP≥400 ng/mL（HR=0.43,95%CI：0.19～0.98,P<0.05）是与PFS相关的独立危险因素。 结论肝细胞癌患者在MWA后行胆囊切除术后更易发生肝内复发,这可能与γ-GT水平升高有关,且复发率随时间增加而增加。     

微波消融治疗单发5cm以下肝细胞肝癌预后及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨微波消融(MWA)治疗单发5 cm以下肝细胞癌的预后及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2011-2013年就诊患者资料,随访期至2016年3月.结果 按照入选标准,共纳入603例患者,完全消融率为5.8％ (35/603),不同肿瘤直径组别间完全消融率差异无统计学意义(P=0.056).严重并发症发生率为1.7％(10/603),平均生存期时间(59.6±1.9)个月,1、2和3年总生存率分别为94.7％、81.9％及71.8％.不同年龄、肿瘤直径之间总生存率无明显差异(P=0.225、0.777),不同性别和复发间隔时间之间总生存率差异有统计学意义(P=-0.029、＜0.001).单因素及多因素分析表明,性别、术前白蛋白水平及复发间隔时间是总生存率的影响因素(P值=0.035、0.006及＜0.001).结论 MWA治疗单发肝细胞癌疗效确切,具有安全、微创等特点,不同年龄、肿瘤直径之间总生存率无明显差异,性别、术前白蛋白水平以及肿瘤复发间隔时间是影响患者总生存率的独立影响因素.     

超声引导下微波消融治疗肝细胞癌术后肿瘤复发及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨微波消融治疗早期肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC）患者术后肿瘤复发率及其危险因素。方法 收集2016年1月至2018年1月海军军医大学第三附属医院762例接受微波消融治疗HCC患者的临床、治疗和预后资料。分析治疗后肝内无进展生存率（progression free survival, PFS）包括：肿瘤局部进展率（local tumor progression, LTP）和肝内远处转移率（intrahepatic distant recurrence,IDR）。同时分析各类型肝内复发的风险因素。结果 762例HCC患者中,716例（94.0%）达到完全消融,经补充治疗技术成功率达98.1%(748/762)。9例（1.2%）患者发生严重并发症,未发生治疗相关死亡。至随访结束,肝内PFS为52.9%,其中LTP和IDR分别13.4%和40.7%。高HBV DNA、多发肿瘤、肿瘤直径>3 cm和不完全消融是肝内PFS的独立风险因素;不完全消融和肿瘤直径>3 cm是LTP的风险因素;高HBV DNA、多发肿瘤、术前血GGT>50...     

Percutaneous radio-frequency thermal ablation of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after occlusion of tumor blood supply

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of percutaneous radio-frequency (RF) thermal ablation of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after occlusion of the tumor arterial supply. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients with cirrhosis and biopsy-proved HCC underwent RF ablation after interruption of the tumor arterial supply by means of occlusion of either the hepatic artery with a balloon catheter (40 patients) or the feeding arteries with gelatin sponge particles (22 patients). RESULTS: After a single RF procedure in 56 patients and after two procedures in six patients, spiral computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a nonenhancing area corresponding in shape to the previously identified HCC, which was suggestive of complete necrosis. No major complications occurred. Two patients subsequently underwent surgical resection; the remaining 60 patients were followed up with spiral CT. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 months, 11 HCC nodules showed areas of local progression; 49 were identified as nonenhancing areas with a 40%-75% reduction in maximum diameter. The 1-year estimate of failure risk was 19% for local recurrence and 45% for overall intrahepatic recurrence. The estimated 1-year survival was 87%. Histopathologic analysis of one autopsy and two surgical specimens revealed more than 90% necrosis in one specimen and 100% necrosis in two. CONCLUSION: HCC nodules 3.5-8.5 cm in diameter can be ablated in one or two RF sessions after occlusion of the tumor arterial supply.     

Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: percutaneous radiofrequency ablation after hepatectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the liver after hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with 53 recurrent HCC tumors in the liver underwent percutaneous RF ablation with ultrasonographic guidance. All patients had a history of hepatic resection for HCC. The mean diameter of recurrent tumors was 2.1 cm (range, 0.8-4.0 cm). All patients were followed up for at least 10 months after ablation (range, 10-40 months; mean, 23 months). Therapeutic efficacy and complications were evaluated with multiphase helical computed tomography (CT) at regular follow-up visits. Overall and disease-free survival rates were calculated. RESULTS: At follow-up CT after initial RF ablation, 11 (21%) of 53 ablated HCC tumor sites showed residual tumor or local tumor progression. After additional RF ablation, complete ablation of 46 (87%) of 53 tumors was attained. Also at initial follow-up CT, before either additional RF ablation or other treatment was performed, 21 (47%) of 45 patients were found to have 41 new HCC tumors at other liver sites. Of these, nine tumors in eight patients were treatable with a second application of RF ablation. Overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 82%, 72%, and 54%, respectively. No deaths or complications requiring further treatment occurred as a result of RF ablation. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous RF ablation is an effective and safe method for treating recurrent HCC in the liver after hepatectomy, with a good overall patient survival rate.     

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term outcome and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the prognostic factors for post-RFA survival rate. METHODS: From 1999 to 2006, 266 patients with 392 HCCs underwent ultrasound guided RFA treatment. They were 216 males and 50 females, average age 59.4+/-15.4 years (24-87 years). The HCC were 1.2-6.7 cm in diameters (average 3.9+1.3 cm). There were 158 patients with single tumor, and the rest had multiple (2-5) tumors. Univariate and multivariate analysis with 19 potential variables were examined to identify prognostic factors for post-RFA survival rate. RESULTS: The overall post-RFA survival rates at 1st, 3rd, and 5th year were 82.9%, 57.9% and 42.9%, respectively. In the 60 patients with stage I HCC (AJCC staging), the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate were 94.8%, 76.4% and 71.6%, significantly higher than the 148 patients with stage II-IV tumors (81.8%, 57.6% and 41.2%, P=0.006). For the 58 patients with post-surgery recurrent HCC, the survival rates were 73.2%, 41.9% and 38.2% at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year, which were significantly lower than those of stage I HCC (P=0.005). Nine potential factors were found with significant effects on survival rate, and they were number of tumors, location of tumors, pre-RFA liver function enzymes, Child-Pugh classification, AJCC staging, primary or recurrent HCC, tumor pathological grading, using mathematical protocol in RFA procedure and tumor necrosis 1 month after RFA. After multivariate analysis, three factors were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival rate, and they were Child-Pugh classification, AJCC staging and using mathematical protocol. CONCLUSION: Identifying prognostic factors provides important information for HCC patient management before, during and after RFA. This long-term follow-up study on a large group of HCC patients confirmed that RFA could not only achieve favorable outcome on stage I HCC, but also be an effective therapy for stage II-IV or recurrent HCC.