经皮踝外侧韧带复合体重建治疗慢性踝外侧不稳

[目的]探讨经皮功能重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效。[方法]2014年1月~2018年2月,符合纳入标准的47例慢性踝关节不稳患者随机分为两组,其中,切开组23例采用常规切开术式重建距腓前韧带(ATFL)和跟腓韧带(CFL),经皮组24例采用超声定位,经皮建立骨隧道重建ATFL和CFL。比较两组间手术时间、围术期并发症、踝背伸-跖屈活动度(ROM)、AOFAS评分、VAS评分,应力位影像测量距骨前移度和倾斜度。[结果]术中切开组2例出现腓浅神经损伤。经皮组手术时间、切口总长度显著小于切开组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。切开组术后4例切口边缘处坏死,而经皮组1例切口渗液。两组患者随访26~30个月,平均(27.39±2.51)个月。术后6个月时,经皮组ROM显著大于切开组(P<0.05)。随时间推移两组患者AOFAS评分均显著增加,而VAS评分显著减少(P<0.001),但是两组相同时间点AOFAS评分和VAS评分的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。应力位X线测量方面,术后两组患者距骨前移距度和距骨倾斜角均较术前显著减少(P<0.001)。但是两组相同时间点在距骨前移距度和距骨倾斜角的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]经皮踝关节外侧韧带复合体重建治疗慢性踝关节不稳的效果与常规开放手术相当,但具有手术时间短、创伤小、并发症少的优点。     

Reconstruction of superficial deltoid ligaments with allograft tendons in medial ankle instability: A technical report

BackgroundDeltoid ligament insufficiency can cause arthritic changes with various symptoms in the ankle joint. However, reconstruction procedures of the medial collateral and deltoid ligaments have drawn less attention than those of the lateral ankle ligaments. Few techniques for reconstructing deltoid ligaments are available, and those that are can be complex.ObjectiveWe introduce a new surgical method for reconstructing superficial deltoid ligaments that is simple and straightforward.ConclusionWith this method, the tibionavicular and tibiocalcaneal ligaments can be reconstructed efficiently and easily.     

内侧髌股韧带联合髌胫韧带重建治疗髌骨不稳的研究进展

髌骨不稳是临床常见疾病,常见于青少年.内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建是治疗髌骨不稳的主要治疗方式之一,但仍有部分患者术后出现再次脱位.近年来MPFL联合内侧髌胫韧带(medial patellotibi?al ligament,MPTL)重建成为治疗髌骨不稳的...     

关节镜下自体半腱肌肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下自体半腱肌肌腱重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳定的方法及初期临床疗效。方法 将2015年12月至2017年2月我院收治的16例慢性踝关节不稳定病人纳入研究,其中男14例,女2例,年龄为（28.1±6.4）岁;术前应力位X线片提示距骨倾斜25.5°±5.5°（18°~35°）,距骨前移（10.1±1.8） mm（7~14 mm）。采用2.7 mm 30°短踝关节镜经前外侧入路观察,经前外侧辅助入路于腓骨远端和距骨外侧面距腓前韧带足印区制作骨隧道,跟骨外侧壁跟腓韧带止点处经皮透视制作骨隧道,取自体半腱肌肌腱对折编织成“Y”型,将移植物引入骨隧道,腓骨端使用袢钢板悬吊固定,距骨及跟骨端使用5.0 mm界面螺钉固定。术后早期功能锻炼,末次随访应用美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评价踝关节功能;采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评估疼痛情况;采用Sefton外侧副韧带重建疗效评价系统评估踝关节稳定性。结果 本组16例病人术后随访（16.8±4.3）个月（12~24个月）,均于术后3个月恢复正常体育活动,末次随访未观察到踝关节不稳定复发。AOFAS评分为（89.2±4.8）分,VAS评分为（0.7±0.6）分。依据Sefton评价标准：优9例,良5例,可2例,优良率为87.5%。结论 关节镜下自体半腱肌肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳定的近期疗效理想,并发症较少。     

自体腓骨短肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定

目的:探讨自体腓骨短肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2019年7月采用自体腓骨短肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗的42例慢性踝关节外侧不稳定患者,其中男30例,女12例;年龄25～46(37.6±12.4)岁;左足15例,右足27例;受伤至手术时间3～...     

单隧道悬吊固定解剖重建外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳

目的:探讨单隧道悬吊固定解剖重建外侧韧带复合体术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2016 年 1 月至2018 年12 月行单隧道悬吊固定踝外侧韧带复合体解剖重建的23 例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者的临床资料,其中男7 例,女16 例;年龄17～33(26.0±4.3)岁;Kellgren-Lawrenc...     

半腱肌腱与同种异体肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳的疗效比较

目的比较自体半腱肌腱与同种异体肌腱重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-06—2014-12在踝关节镜联合小切口下分别应用同种异体肌腱与自体半腱肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳68例。半腱肌腱组35例,异体肌腱组33例。比较2组手术时间、住院时间、手术费用,以及末次随访时VAS评分、AOFAS评分、IKDC评分、距骨倾斜角和距骨前移距离。结果 68例均获得13~38(22.7±5.2)个月随访。半腱肌腱组手术时间明显长于异体肌腱组,但在住院时间和手术费用方面优于异体肌腱组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组末次随访时VAS评分、AOFAS评分、IKDC评分、距骨倾斜角和距骨前移距离比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论同种异体肌腱与自体半腱肌腱重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳均能获得良好临床疗效,临床中可根据患肢膝关节健康状况、运动期望值及经济承受能力综合分析,个体化选择移植物。     

自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳

目的对应用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的疗效进行评价。方法采用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳12例,术后将踝关节固定于中立略外翻位6周．第7周开始去石膏行踝关节功能锻炼。末次随访时采用AOFAS评分对疼痛、功能、外形进行评价。结果疼痛评分：术前0～30分,平均（20．83±7．93）分;术后30～40分,平均（32．50±4．52）分;术后较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t=-7．000．P〈0．001）。功能评分：术前14～39分,平均（28．08＋9．19）分;术后40—50分,平均（48．17±3．41）分;术后较术前明显提高．差异有统计学意义（t=-9．413,P〈0．001）。外形无明显变化,手术前后评分均为10分。总分：术前26—79分,平均（58．08±16．76）分;术后80～100分,平均（90．67±6．48）分;术后较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t=-9．475,P〈0．001）。结论采用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带是治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的可靠方法。     

自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳

目的探讨自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳的临床效果及安全性。方法对16例踝关节外侧不稳患者行自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带手术,观察踝关节功能情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~3年。术后6、12个月摄踝关节内翻应力位X线片未见距骨倾斜,均未发生复发踝关节外侧不稳。术后AOFAS评分为83.52分±7.26分,明显高于术前的50.45分±4.58分。踝关节功能评定:优8例,良7例,可1例。结论自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳疗效确切,安全性高,是一种较为理想的术式。     

MRI appearance of the lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex injury in the patients with chronic lateral ankle instability

BackgroundThe anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) comprises the superior and inferior fascicles. The inferior fascicle is connected to the calcaneofibular ligament, and forms “lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament (LFTCL) complex”. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing LFTCL complex injuries in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).MethodsForty-eight ankles (35 with CLAI and 13 without CLAI) underwent arthroscopic surgery, and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted with 0.8 mm- thick axial and oblique slices. The diagnostic accuracy of injuries to the superior fascicle and LFTCL complex was evaluated by two observers.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the LFTCL complex injury were 94.7% and 92.3% for observer 1 and 84.2% and 84.6% for observer 2, respectively.ConclusionsMRI with 0.8 mm slices could detect LFTCL complex injury in patients with CLAI. Diagnosing the LFTCL complex injury on MRI will improve outcomes of an arthroscopic isolated ATFL repair.     

High incidence of spring ligament laxity in ankle fractures with complete deltoid ruptures and secondary first ray instability

AimsTo assess the incidence of spring ligament failure in patients who have complete deltoid ruptures.Patients and methodsThe authors retrospectively analysed ankle fractures in our trauma database from January 2015 to January 2019. 61 patients who sustained ankle fractures with complete deltoid ligament ruptures based on an AP ankle radiographs with increased medial joint space were identified. 25 patients attended clinic for assessment. Of these, 5 were found to have gross planovalgus with pre-existing spring ligament laxity in the uninjured control foot and these were excluded from the analysis. 20 patients were assessed for spring ligament failure /laxity. For each patient, the uninjured foot was used as the control.ResultsThe TMT instability score and the lateral translation score showed statistically significant increases in the injured compared to the uninjured foot. The ratio of increase in both TMT instability and lateral translation scores (strain) in the injured versus the uninjured foot was assessed. A strong correlation (+0.62 pearson correlation coefficient) was found between the two ratios.ConclusionAll 20 patients showed increased spring ligament laxity and 19 patients showed increased TMT instability. Our results show that with complete deltoid rupture, there is likely greater disruption of the medial ligamentous structures of the foot than previously recognised. The degree of increase in the spring ligament strain also correlates with the degree of strain at the plantar TMT joint ligaments, and thus first ray instability. This finding has significant implications for the long-term assessment and management of ankle fractures involving complete deltoid disruption. Early intervention with orthotics in this cohort may prevent progressive destabilisation of the midfoot and the first ray. This evolving understanding may lead to the prospect of earlier surgical intervention to reconstitute the integrity of the spring ligament and protect the foot progressing to stage 2 AAFD.     

Dynamic medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in recurrent patellar instability: A surgical technique

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint; its reconstruction has been recommended in adults over the past decade after recurrent patellar instability. However, there has been no standardized technique for reconstruction, therefore, ideal graft and technique for reconstruction are yet undetermined. However, dynamic MPFL reconstruction studies claim to be superior to other procedures as it is more anatomical. This preliminary study aims at assessing the outcomes of MPFL reconstruction in a dynamic pattern using hamstring graft. We performed this procedure in four consecutive patients with chronic patellar instability following trauma. MPFL reconstruction was done with hamstring tendons detached distally and secured to patellar periosteum after being passed through a bony tunnel in the patella without an implant and using the medial collateral ligament as a pulley. In all 4 knees, the MPFL reconstruction was isolated and was not associated with any other realignment procedures. No recurrent episodes of dislocation or subluxation were reported at 24 months followup.     

Anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments using Gracillis tendon in chronic ankle instability; a new technique

Background

Many surgical technique have been described to assess the outcome of anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments using Gracillis tendon. This technique aims to restore the stability of the ankle by reconstruction of the talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) using the Gracillis tendon.

Methods

From January 2004 to February 2008; inclusive, 16 patients; 11 male and 5 female, underwent an anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligament for chronic ankle instability. Their ages ranged from 18 to 29 giving a mean age of 25 years. Patients were then subjected to radiologic and clinical assessments for a period of at least 33.5 months. For pain scoring the Americans Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were used; whilst subjective symptom was evaluated using the Olerud and Molander ankle scoring system.

Results

All patients returned for the final evaluation and subjective excellent or good results were recorded on self-assessment, pain scores, AOFAS and Karissons scores. Additionally Olerud and Molander ankle scoring was also done. During the final follow-up, the mean post-operative AOFAS score was 96 (range 80–100), the Visual analog score was 6 (range 0–4), Karissons score was 94.7 (range 80–100) and last but not least Olerud and Molander score was 87.5 (range 70–100). It was noted that the ankle range of motion was not affected by lateral ankle reconstruction. The talar tilt was reduced from a mean of 12–4° (p < 0.0001) and the anterior drawer was reduced from a mean of 11–4 mm (p < 0.001) by the ankle ligament reconstruction.

Conclusion

Anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of chronic ankle instability using Gracillis tendon graft resulted in successful results, excellent ankle stability, significant reduction in pain and negligible loss of ankle and hind foot motion.     

Novel reconstruction technique for an isolated plantar calcaneonavicular (SPRING) ligament tear: A 5 case series report

BackgroundIt is usually accepted that acquired flatfoot deformity after injury is usually due to partial or complete tear of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT), with secondary failure of the other structures which maintain the medial longitudinal arch, such as the plantar calcaneo-navicular (SPRING) ligament. It is unusual to find an isolated Spring Ligament (SL) tear, with an intact TP tendon.MethodsThe medial arch reconstruction technique of an isolated SL tear in 5 patients is presented discussed in this paper. In these 5 cases the clinical presentation mimicked PTT dysfunction. The operative regimen consisted of three steps: direct repair of the ligament, primary reconstruction of the SL by using FiberWire^® (Arthrex, Inc) and a medial calcaneal osteotomy.ResultsAmerican Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score improved from 55.8 (range, 34–74) before surgery to 97.6 (range, 91–100) at more than one year follow-up. No recurrence of the flatfoot deformity was observed at 10 years follow-up.ConclusionSL tear should be suspected in cases of clinical presentation of medial arc collapse even when PTT is intact. In such cases of isolated SL tear reconstruction of the torn ligament using the method described is recommended.     

Reconstruction of the cervical ligament in patients with chronic subtalar instability

PurposeDiagnosis and treatment of subtalar instability (STI) remains complicated and challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of an anatomical reconstruction of the cervical ligament in patients with suspected chronic STI.MethodsThis prospective study assessed the results of a surgical reconstruction of the cervical ligament using a gracilis tendon graft in a group of 14 patients (16 feet). Diagnosis of STI was performed using a predefined algorithm including clinical signs, MRI and peroperative evaluation. All patients had symptoms of chronic hindfoot instability despite prolonged non-surgical treatment. At final follow-up the outcome was assessed using the Karlsson score, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score.ResultsAfter an average follow up of 22.6 months (range, 15–36), all patients reported significant improvement compared to their preoperative symptoms. The mean preoperative Karlsson score improved from 36.4 ± 13.5 (median 37, range 10–55) to a mean postoperative Karlsson score was 89.6 ± 8.5 (median 90, range 72–100) (P < 0.0001). The cervical ligament reconstruction was combined with other procedures in 13 cases: calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) reconstruction (3), CFL and anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction (7), bifurcate ligament reconstruction (3).ConclusionAnatomical reconstruction of the cervical ligament is a valid technique to treat patients with STI. It is a safe procedure and produces good clinical results with minimal complications. This technique can be considered in more complex cases and can be combined with other procedures according to the specific location of the instability.Level of evidenceLevel III