92例高级别胶质瘤患者术后生存分析

目的探讨影响高级别胶质瘤术后生存的因素。方法对2014年1月至2016年8月首诊确定为高级别胶质瘤(WHO III-IV级)的92例患者采用Kaplan-Meier法分析生存率,Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,Cox回归模型进行多因素分析。结果中位生存期为15个月,中位无进展生存期为8个月,肿瘤全切率为72. 83%,1年、2年、3年、4年的生存率分别为56. 5%,35. 9%,30. 4%,25. 4%。Log-rank单因素分析表明高级别胶质瘤预后与年龄、术前生活质量评分、肿瘤大小、数目、是否累及多个皮层脑叶或者运动功能区、切除程度、病理级别、异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因是否突变、O-6-甲基鸟嘌呤DNA甲基转移酶基因启动子是否甲基化、Ki 67指数、术后是否进行放疗和/或化疗以及所进行的放化疗的方式、复发后是否积极治疗相关(P 0. 05)。引入检验水准(α=0. 01),COX多因素分析表明年龄、肿瘤切除程度、术后是否进行放疗和/或化疗是影响高级别胶质瘤预后的独立危险因素(P 0. 01)。结论发病年龄65岁、肿瘤全切除、术后进行同步放化疗和辅助化疗的高级别胶质瘤患者预后较好。     

手术联合125I粒子植入治疗复发性脑胶质瘤及预后因素初步分析

目的探讨手术联合125I粒子植入治疗复发性脑胶质瘤的疗效及影响预后的主要因素。方法 60例手术加放化疗后复发的脑胶质瘤患者随机分为手术联合125I粒子植入组35例,单纯手术对照组25例进行治疗,术后每2个月复查MRI进行随访,收集临床资料和随访结果进行分析。用Kaplan-Meier法计算全组的累积生存率,Log-Rank检验做单因素分析,Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果全组随访32~128周,平均随访时间52.8周,125I粒子植入组中位生存期60.3周(95%CI,53.3~67.3周),1 a生存率为71.4%,单纯手术组中位生存期43.1周(95%CI,37.5~48.8周),1 a生存率为36%(P<0.05)1。25I粒子植入组中WHO病理分级Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的患者1 a生存率分别为87.8%、65.3%、36.4%(P<0.01);肿瘤全切组和次全切的患者1 a生存率分别为79.2%和54.5%(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,肿瘤组织学分级、肿瘤部位、肿瘤切除程度和放射性并发症是手术联合125I粒子植入治疗复发性胶质瘤的预后影响因素;多因素分析显示肿瘤组织学分级和肿瘤切除程度是影响预后的独立因素。结论手术联合125I粒子植入可有效地延缓脑胶质瘤的生存时间,提高患者的生存率,肿瘤组织学分级和肿瘤切除程度是影响其预后的最重要因素。     

The prognostic implications of Hyam’s subtype for patients with Kadish stage C esthesioneuroblastoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma (EN) is a rare sinonasal tumor with varied aggressiveness and potential for intracranial invasion. EN is staged anatomically with radiographic evaluation using the Kadish staging system (stages A, B, and C) and histologically by using Hyam’s criteria (grades 1–4). Here we show that despite radiographic evidence of aggressive features, the prognosis of patients with Kadish stage C EN is best predicted by tumor histology using Hyam’s criteria. We retrospectively analyzed patients with EN with Kadish stage C who were evaluated and treated at our institution between 1995 and 2009. Clinical information was collected using patient medical records, imaging, and review of pathological specimens. Twenty patients with Kadish stage C EN were identified with mean age of 51 years (31–70 years) with a median follow-up of 41.4 months (1.3–175 months). Upon pathological review, 44.4% of patients had low-grade (1/2) and 55.6% had high-grade (3/4) histology. About 37.5% of patients with low-grade EN had undergone gross total resection (GTR) and the remaining 62.5% had GTR and adjuvant radiation, whereas 50% of patients with high-grade ER had undergone GTR, 20% had undergone GTR and adjuvant radiation, and 30% had been treated with a subtotal resection (STR) and adjuvant radiation. The 5-year and 10-year survival in patients with low-grade EN was 86% in comparison to 56% and 28% with high-grade EN, respectively. In patients with low-grade EN, the 2-year progression free survival (PFS) was 86% and the 5-year PFS was 65% in comparison to 73% and 49% in patients with high-grade EN, respectively. The patient’s tumor histology (Hyam’s criteria) appeared to be the best way of predicting the prognosis and for selecting patients for adjuvant radiotherapy.     

Treatment of central neurocytoma. Experience at a single institution

Central neurocytomas are classically considered as a rare, intraventricular benign tumours with neuronal differentiation derived from precursor cells of subventricular matrix. However some patients with neoplasms with histologic atypia and elevated proliferation potential may have a poor outcome. Treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. Adjuvant therapy is reserved for patients with residual or recurrent lesions including reoperation, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. We review our experience with the treatment of this neoplasm. Five patients with an intraventricular mass studied with magnetic resonance imaging underwent craniotomy for tumour resection. All cases were reviewed retrospectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed central neurocytoma in all cases. Proliferation index was assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Complete radiological tumor resection through transcortical approach was achieved in all except one patient. In this case adjuvant therapy with radiosurgery was given with important reduction in tumor size. All the tumours had a proliferation index below 2% except one with 5%. Follow-up in four patients ranged from 12 to 36 months. There were no tumour recurrences in this period. Complete surgical excision of central neurocytoma provides better local control and survival compared with other treatments. Radiosurgery as adjuvant therapy in incomplete resections may eliminate the need of reoperation and avoid long-term side effects from conventional radiotherapy.     

173例胶质瘤预后的影响因素分析

目的 探讨影响胶质瘤预后的相关因素。方法 对2000年1月至2009年12月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心首次手术病理确诊为胶质瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并排除因非肿瘤因素死亡患者,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存率估计及Cox比例风险回归模型进行预后多因素分析。结果 本组纳入胶质瘤173例,其中WHO Ⅰ级10例,Ⅱ级61例,Ⅲ级53例,Ⅳ级49例;98例术后接受放疗[高级别胶质瘤（WHOⅢ~Ⅳ级）61例,低级别胶质瘤（WHO Ⅰ~Ⅱ级）37例];60例术后接受化疗（高级别胶质瘤46例,低级别胶质瘤14例）。本组患者1、3、5年总体生存率分别为74.0%、42.2%、32.4%;WHO Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级的 5年生存率分别为80.0%、52.5%、24.5%、6.1%。分层分析显示术后辅助放化疗显著影响高级别胶质瘤生存率（P <0.05）。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果 显示,年龄>40岁（RR=1.603;P=0.019）、WHO Ⅲ~Ⅳ分级（RR=2.311;P <0.001）、肿瘤未全切（RR=2.108;P <0.001）、术后未放疗（RR=1.652;P=0.008）是影响胶质瘤总体生存率的独立危险因素。结论 本组病例的分析结果 提示,发病年龄≤40岁、WHO级别低、肿瘤全切的胶质瘤患者预后好;术后进行放疗可以提高胶质瘤的疗效。     

Central neurocytoma: a clinical, radiological and pathological study of nine cases

PURPOSE: Central neurocytoma is a rare intraventricular brain tumor that affects young adults and presents with increased intracranial pressure secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus. Typically, it has a favorable prognosis after adequate surgical intervention, but in some cases the clinical course is more aggressive. In this report, we describe the diagnosis and treatment of central neurocytoma in a series of patients at our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our series of nine patients (M:F=2:7, mean age, 28.2 years) with ventricular tumors showed typical radiological, histologic and immunohistochemical features of central neurocytoma. Most patients received craniotomy with removal of the tumor through transcallosal or transcortical approach. The surgical and histopathologic data of these patients were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The prognosis is generally favorable. Although most patients were alive and well at the last follow-up, two developed recurrence. Typical histologic features of recurrent neurocytoma include high proliferative activity (MIB-1 labeling index: 2.0-6.8%), prominent vascular proliferation and remarkable synaptophysin expression. Two patients (non-recurrent) died during follow-up due to sepsis or central failure. The MIB-1 labeling indices were as high as 2.2-5.4% for these two patients. CONCLUSION: Although central neurocytoma is generally a benign neoplasm, some variant forms of recurrence are also present. Complete resection provides favorable long-term prognosis in most cases. Recurrent tumors are often local and the patients seem to recover well after a second resection followed by radiotherapy. Histologic features such as tumor proliferation (MIB-1 labeling index), vascular proliferation, and synaptophysin expression are often prominent in the recurrent tumor. We recommend that these histologic features be considered for tumor recurrence during treatment and follow-up of these patients.     

Management of recurrent intracranial hemangiopericytoma

Intracranial hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is an aggressive meningothelial neoplasm. A particularly challenging aspect of management of patients with HPC is optimizing treatment for recurrence, progression, and extracranial metastasis. Here we describe a modern cohort of patients with recurrent HPC to better understand treatment strategies that may improve outcome. Patients managed at UCSF for recurrent intracranial HPC were compiled into a single database based on a retrospective review of patient records, including operative, radiologic, and clinic reports. Cox regression was performed to determine factors that independently predicted treatment outcomes. At UCSF, 14 patients with available treatment and follow-up data were seen for management of HPC recurrence. Eight patients underwent repeat surgical resection, of whom four received adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), one received additional Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS), and one received brachytherapy. Radiosurgical intervention alone was utilized for recurrence in six patients, with four receiving GKS and two receiving CyberKnife. Nine patients suffered a second recurrence at a median time of 3.5 years following reintervention. Nine patients died following reintervention, with a median survival of 7.9 years following intervention for recurrence. In univariate analysis, factors associated with increased time to second recurrence included non-posterior fossa location (log rank, p < 0.05) and surgical resection with adjuvant EBRT (log rank, p < 0.05). The addition of adjuvant EBRT to surgical resection similarly extended overall survival compared to surgical resection alone (log rank, p < 0.05). GKS was associated with earlier second recurrence compared to surgically based strategies (log rank, p < 0.05). We conclude that when combined with surgical resection, EBRT appears promising in the extension of second recurrence-free survival and overall survival. This multimodality approach also appears to outperform GKS in extending time to second recurrence. Accordingly, when safe and feasible, surgical resection of recurrent HPC with adjuvant EBRT should be the first steps in management.     

Surgical treatment for brain metastases: Prognostic factors and survival in 309 patients with regard to patient age

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors. Overall, the only accepted prognostic factors are patient age and performance status. However, several other factors are considered before surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis of 309 patients who underwent surgical resection of newly diagnosed brain metastases between 1994 and 2004. Univariate survival analysis revealed age, performance status, extracranial metastases, complete resection, radiotherapy and re-craniotomy as prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis determined that patient age, performance status, extracranial metastases, radiotherapy and re-craniotomy are independent factors of prolonged survival. We statistically estimated the age threshold separating patients with favorable outcomes from those with unfavorable prognoses. Using the Kaplan-Meier analysis this threshold can be set at 65 years. Multivariate analysis of patients >65 years revealed the presence of co-morbidities, the number of brain metastases, post-operative performance status and radiotherapy as independent prognostic factors.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤影像学特征和疗效分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)的影像学诊断、治疗及预后,提高临床对PCNSL的认识。方法回顾性分析经术后病理证实的30例免疫正常的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床资料。单纯手术8例,手术+化疗14例,手术+化疗+放疗8例。Kaplan-Meier法分析患者生存期。结果PCNSL临床表现主要为颅内压增高和神经功能缺损为主,误诊率高达93.3%。24例PCNSL(占80.0%)MRI明显均匀强化,表现为团块状及结节状强化,或出现具有特异性的"缺口征"、"尖角征"。病理检查均为B细胞淋巴瘤,以弥漫性大B淋巴瘤最多见。Kaplan-Meier分析全组中位生存期32.0个月,2年生存率46.7%。手术+化疗(中位生存期29个月)及手术+化疗+放疗组(34个月)的生存期高于单纯手术组(3个月)。手术+化疗组(64.3%)及手术+化疗+放疗组(62.5%)的2年生存率均高于单纯手术组(0)。放化疗患者肿瘤全切组与次全切组的生存率未见明显的统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤影像学缺乏特异性,易误诊;单纯手术治疗不是首选,应尽早采取以放、化疗为主的全身综合治疗。     

MIB-1 labeling index predicts recurrence in intraventricular central neurocytomas

Despite the relatively low-grade of most central neurocytomas (CN), evidence suggests the existence of an aggressive subset with a propensity for recurrence. Recent studies have found the MIB-1 labeling index to be a prognostic indicator in CN. Here we review our experience with CN to analyze the relationships between extent of resection, adjuvant therapy, tumor histology, and clinical outcomes based on aggressive histology, as defined by MIB-1 labeling. A retrospective review was performed on histologically proven CN surgically resected from 1993 to 2009 at the University of California at San Francisco. Recurrence rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method with respect to MIB-1 labeling and extent of resection. All MIB-1 labeling indices were analyzed. A total of 18 patients were identified with a mean age of 30 years (range 17–58 years) and median follow-up of 40 months (5–173 months). The treatments were: gross total resection (GTR) alone (17% of patients), subtotal resection (STR) alone (50% of patients), STR plus radiotherapy (XRT: external beam or stereotactic radiosurgery: 28% of patients), or STR plus chemotherapy (5% of patients). The extent of resection and a MIB-1 labeling index >4% was predictive of recurrence (p < 0.01). In the 33% of the patients in whom the tumor recurred, all had STR with MIB-1 labeling >4% with median time to recurrence of 23.5 months. The 2-year and 4-year recurrence rates in patients with MIB-1 labeling >4% were 50% and 75% respectively. No patient with a MIB-1 labeling index <4% who received STR alone had a recurrence. Thus, in patients with CN who were treated with STR, histology demonstrating a MIB-1 labeling index >4% can be a clinically useful prognostic indicator and can help guide adjuvant treatment.     

Optimising treatment strategies in spinal ependymoma based on 20 years of experience at a single centre

Spinal ependymomas are rare tumours, with total resection favoured where possible. Several case series assessing the outcome following neurosurgical treatment for spinal ependymoma advocate the usage of adjuvant radiotherapy in cases of subtotal resection, or in unencapsulated tumours. We assessed the outcome of 61 consecutive cases of spinal ependymoma in a single centre over a 20 year period using a variety of outcome measures. Sex distribution was equal, with a mean age at surgery of 43.6 years (range 5–76 years). Overall, most tumours occurred in the lumbosacral region (70.5%), with fewer in the thoracic (27.9%) and cervical regions (18.0%). Myxopapillary features were seen in 41.0% of tumours, and were more common when occurring in the lumbar region (51.2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 52.5%, subtotal resection in 37.7% and biopsy alone in 9.8% of patients and 31.1% received adjuvant radiotherapy. Two-thirds of patients achieved an excellent post-operative neurological outcome (Frankel grade E). Tumour recurrence was rare. Gross total resection and good preoperative neurological condition were most strongly predictive of good outcome. Post-operative radiotherapy did not seem to confer survival benefit in this case series, even in cases of incomplete resection, leading us to question its utility for all cases of spinal cord ependymoma.     

Temozolomide: therapeutic limitations in the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas

Temozolomide-based chemotherapy represents an incremental improvement in the treatment of patients with high-grade gliomas. Notwithstanding a survival benefit in a subset of patients with high-grade gliomas, temozolomide (TMZ; Temodar?, Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals, NJ, USA) is the primarily palliative treatment for the vast majority of patients. Indeed, for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, the median increase in survival for treatment with TMZ and radiotherapy is only 2.5 months compared with radiotherapy alone. Additionally, recent studies suggest that 60-75% of patients with glioblastoma derive no benefit from treatment with TMZ. For the treatment of recurrent anaplastic gliomas, more than 50% of patients fail TMZ treatment with cancer progression at 6 months, demonstrating that TMZ is only a modestly effective chemotherapy. In addition, 15-20% of patients treated with TMZ develop clinically significant toxicity, which can leave further treatment unsafe. Despite the availability of TMZ, there is still a substantial need for a chemotherapeutic agent that is more effective and safe. In fact, there still remains a significant unmet need for more effective treatments of high-grade gliomas (improved palliation or cure), whether that treatment be by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or any yet to be developed type of treatment, such as 'targeted therapies'.     

中枢神经细胞瘤18例诊断与治疗回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析中枢神经细胞瘤患者的临床特点和治疗效果,探索最佳的治疗策略。方法 2006年6月至2013年4月间我院共收治中枢神经细胞瘤患者18例。16例患者肿瘤位于侧脑室,其中5例经纵裂-胼胝体-侧脑室入路手术,11例经大脑皮层-侧脑室入路手术。2例患者肿瘤位于第四脑室,经枕下正中入路手术。回顾和分析这些患者的临床、影像和病理特点。结果 13例实现肿瘤全切,5例次全切。1例患者术后死亡,1例术后4个月复发后放弃治疗,1例失访。15例患者随访14~96个月,平均37.9个月。随访期间均未见肿瘤复发或残余肿瘤进一步生长。结论手术是治疗中枢神经细胞瘤的最佳选择,如未能实现肿瘤全切,术后需放疗。     

老年高级别胶质瘤的临床特点和治疗

目的探讨老年高级别胶质瘤患者的临床特点和治疗方案。方法回顾性分析2012年4月至2017年8月中国医学科学院,北京协和医院神经外科连续收治的32例老年高级别胶质瘤患者的临床资料,总结其临床表现、术前Karnofsky功能状态评分(KPS)、合并症情况(查尔森合并症指数)、肿瘤病理学分型、治疗方法以及患者的总生存期。所有患者均行手术切除肿瘤或活组织检查术,术后辅以放化疗、单纯化疗或靶向治疗。采用Kaplan-Meier法探讨手术方式、合并症情况以及术前KPS对患者总生存期的影响。结果32例患者中,男21例,女11例;年龄为(71.9±6.9)岁(65~79岁);其中世界卫生组织(WHO)Ⅳ级(胶母细胞瘤)22例(68.7%),Ⅲ级10例(31.3%);术前中位KPS(范围)为78.1分(40~90分);中位查尔森合并症指数(范围)为5.7(4~8)。32例患者中,行病灶切除术21例(65.6%),行活组织检查术11例(34.4%)。术后行标准Stupp方案治疗7例,行替莫唑胺辅助化疗9例,行靶向治疗1例,未行进一步治疗11例。失访4例。32例患者的总生存期为1.2~73.3个月,中位值为15.8个月。生存分析结果表明,手术方式、术前KPS以及查尔森合并症指数并非患者总生存期的影响因素(均P>0.05)。结论老年高级别胶质瘤患者的一般情况较差,合并症多,通过采用手术、放化疗等综合治疗后生存期仍较短。在进行治疗方案的选择时,应根据患者的具体情况选择相对有利的治疗方案。     

Glioneuronal tumors of cerebral hemisphere in children: correlation of surgical resection with seizure outcomes and tumor recurrences

Object

Glioneuronal tumors are common neoplasms among the cerebral hemisphere during childhood. They consist of several histological types, of which gangliogliomas (GGs) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) are most common and often present with seizures. A great majority of glioneuronal tumors are benign. However, there are conflict reports regarding postoperative tumor recurrence rates and seizure control. The authors analyzed and compared these tumors for their locations and histology and the tumor and seizure control following resection.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with pediatric glioneuronal tumors in the cerebral hemisphere. All histology reports and neuroimaging are reviewed. Seizure group and non-seizure group were compared with their tumor types and locations. The extent of tumor resections were divided into gross total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR). Postoperative tumor recurrence-free survival (RFS) and seizure-free survival for patients who had the initial surgery done at our institution were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

There were 90 glioneuronal tumors including 58 GGs, 22 DNTs, 3 papillary glioneuronal tumor, 3 desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas, 3 anaplastic GGs, and 1 central neurocytoma. Seventy-one patients (seizure group) presented with seizures. The temporal lobe is the most common location, 50 % in this series. GTR was attained in 79 patients and STR in 11. All of the patients with GTR had lesionectomy, and only six of them had extended corticectomy or partial lobectomy. Postoperative seizure outcome showed that 64 (90 %) of seizure group had Engel’s class I, but five patients subsequently developed recurrent seizures. Patients with DNTs had a higher seizure recurrence rate. Tumor RFS was 87 % at 5 years and 75.5 % at 10 years. There are no significant difference in tumor recurrences between GGs and DNTs (p?=?0.876). Comparison between GRT (67) and STR (9) showed that in spite of the better 5-year tumor RFSs among GRT group (94 %) than STR group (66 %), the 10-year RFSs showed no significant difference between GRT and STR groups (p?=?0.719). Recurrent seizures are often related to recurrent tumor.

Conclusion

Lesionectomy alone often provides a high-rate seizure freedom. GGs and DNTs are benign tumor, but recurrences of GGs and DNTs are not uncommon. They may show late recurrences in spite of GTR. These patients need longer follow-up for 10 years. Recurrent seizures are often related to a tumor recurrence.

     

Rapid tumor growth with glial differentiation of central neurocytoma after stereotactic radiosurgery

Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is effective for central neurocytoma (CN), the long-term outcome of SRS remains unclear. We present a case of recurrent CN that was diagnosed 10 years after surgical resection and consecutive stereotactic radiotherapy. The patient was treated with SRS for the recurrent tumor, but underwent two-staged surgery once again due to rapid tumor growth. Histological features of the recurrent tumor were consistent with the diagnosis of CN. However, an increased Ki-67 proliferation index (3.4%), aberrant angiogenesis and glial differentiation of the tumor cells were observed, which were not identified in the initial CN. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor were highly expressed in the recurrent tumor cells, as well as in the vascular endothelial cells. Our case suggests that malignant transition with aberrant angiogenesis and glial differentiation may be attributable to SRS.     

Impact of maximal safe resection on the clinical outcome of adults with craniopharyngiomas

Recent studies suggest that subtotal resection (STR) followed by adjuvant radiation therapy is an appealing alternative to gross total resection (GTR) for craniopharyngioma, as STR provides similar tumor control without the associated endocrinological and behavioral morbidity. We have examined the impact of maximal safe resection on the clinical outcome of patients with craniopharyngioma. A total of 90 patients underwent surgical resection of craniopharyngioma at a single institution between January 1995 and April 2009. Sixty-one patients underwent GTR alone, four underwent GTR followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, 15 underwent STR alone, and 10 underwent partial removal followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. We analyzed and compared the clinical and endocrinological outcomes and radiological follow-up data of these patients. During the follow-up period, tumor recurrence following the initial resection occurred in 36 of 90 patients (40%). The repeat resection rate was higher in the STR group than the GTR group. Recurrence occurred in 20 of 61 patients (32.8%) from the GTR alone group, in 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) from the STR alone group, and in five of 10 (50%) patients from the STR with adjuvant radiation, such as radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery, group (p=0.030). Maximal safe resection of craniopharyngioma leads to excellent local control. STR with adjuvant radiation therapy does not assure preservation of endocrine function, although it provides better local control than STR alone.     

中枢神经细胞瘤的诊断和显微手术治疗

目的探讨中枢神经细胞瘤的诊断和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析1995年8月～2003年7月我院收治的12例中枢神经细胞瘤，总结其临床表现、诊断方法及显微外科手术效果，结果手术治疗12例，其中9例完全切除．3例大部分切除，手术后常规进行放射治疗，随访6～24个月，效果良好。结论显微手术切除肿瘤辅助放疗是中枢神经细胞瘤的一种有效治疗策略。     

中枢神经细胞瘤5例报告及文献复习

目的探讨提高中枢神经细胞瘤诊疗水平的策略和方法。方法回顾分析2004年8月至2006年4月我院收治的5例中枢神经细胞瘤，总结其临床表现、影像学表现、病理学特征及显微外科手术治疗效果。结果肿瘤位于侧脑室前部或室间孔附近，呈宽基底与侧脑室壁或透明隔相连。肿瘤边缘及内部可见多发囊泡，常见钙化，MRI检查T1WI、T2WI相均表现为等或略高信号，增强后呈轻至中度强化。免疫组织化学染色均显示神经突触素阳性。显微外科手术治疗5例，其中全切除4例，次全切除1例，1例死于术后并发症，4例随访至今未复发。结论中枢神经细胞瘤影像学表现具有一定特征，是术前诊断的重要参考。显微手术切除肿瘤是最佳的治疗手段，预后良好。     

大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗原发性中枢系统淋巴瘤疗效分析

目的分析北京天坛医院神经外科原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(Primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)治疗现状,为国内神经外科PCNSL规范化治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年5月北京天坛医院收治活检病理确诊PCNSL后大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗的65例患者,与2004年至2005年手术切除,或联合全脑放疗患者的中位生存期、无进展生存期、不良反应等进行比较、分析不同治疗方法的疗效。结果 65例接受甲氨蝶呤化疗的PCNSL患者经过4~7个周期化疗后,CR61.5%(40/65),PR27.7%(18/65),总有效率89.2%,中位生存期60.6个月,无进展生存期39个月,化疗主要不良反应包括口腔溃疡、皮疹、恶心、呕吐、血小板减少等;14例全切或近全切肿瘤患者,中位生存期3.8个月;13例全切或近全切联合全脑放疗患者,中位生存期14个月(P0.01)。结论单纯的手术全切或近全切肿瘤并不能使PCNSL患者生存获益,联合大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗可以改善患者生存期,是目前PCNSL一线治疗方案。