整合素αvβ3-RGDS位点相互作用介导纤维蛋白所致的肾小球内皮细胞表型变化

观察了体外培养的人类肾小球内皮细胞(GEC)在纤维蛋白凝胶上的生长状态,以及在GEC表面覆盖纤维蛋白凝胶对GEC表型的影响,并进行了干预试验.结果发现,GEC在纤维蛋白凝胶包被的细胞培养板上培养可以自发地形成典型的血管样结构.αvβ3整合素单抗23C6可以显著促进纤维蛋白介导的血管样结构的形成,而精氨酰-甘氨酰-天门冬氨酰-丝氨酸(RGDS)四肽、放线菌酮、放线菌素D对血管样结构的形成具有抑制作用(P<0.001).在融合态GEC细胞单层表面原位形成des-AA-纤维蛋白或des-AABB-纤维蛋白凝胶均可引起GEC单层结构破坏,肝素、放线菌酮、放线菌素D、非免疫小鼠IgG以及精氨酰-甘氨酰-甘氨酰-丝氨酸(RGGS)四肽不能阻断纤维蛋白诱导的GEC单层结构破坏,而23C6、RGDS四肽可以完全阻断上述改变.说明αvβ3整合素-RGDS位点相互作用介导了纤维蛋白所致GEC单层结构破坏和血管样结构形成,RGDS四肽防治纤维蛋白所诱发的GEC表型变化可能具有潜在的价值.     

纤维蛋白对肾小球内皮细胞表达胞间粘附分子-1的影响及其机制探讨

观察体外培养的肾小球内皮细胞表面原位形成纤维蛋白凝胶对ＧＥＣ表面胞间粘附分子－１的影响。结果：８５％－９３％在无血清ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养液中培养的ＧＥＣ表达ＩＣＡＭ－１阳性。纤维蛋白显著促进ＧＥＣ表达ＩＣＡＭ－１，呈现明显的剂量，时间依赖关系。放线菌酮和放线菌素Ｄ均可阻断纤维蛋白诱导的ＩＣＡＭ－１表达增强Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交显示，纤维收白刺激ＧＥＣ４ｈ可诱导ＩＣＡＭ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达增强。     

从细胞生物学角度深入研究活化凝血因子参与慢性进行性肾损伤的机制

传统观点认为,肾小球内凝血导致慢性进行性肾损伤的主要机制是微血栓形成引起肾小球缺血笥损伤。近年来作者采用细胞生物学方法,观察了活化凝血因子凝血酶和纤维蛋白对肾小球内皮细胞和系膜细胞的直接影响,发现凝血酶可以诱导ＧＥＣ增殖,细胞外基质降解增加以及细胞脱壁,纤维蛋白可以支持ＧＥＣ铺展,增殖,并可以诱导ＧＥＣ单层结构破坏和血样结构形成,同时可以上调胞间粘附分子－１的表达。     

微波辐照对兔晶体上皮细胞增殖和转化生长因子β表达的影响

目的观察微波辐射对兔晶体上皮细胞（ＲＬＥＣｓ）增殖和转化长生因子β（ＴＧＦ－β）表达的影响,探讨ＴＧＦ－β在微波白内障形成中的作用。方法原代培养ＲＬＥＣｓ并鉴定,应用平均功率密度８０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２的连续波辐照ＲＬＥＣｓ１５ｍｉｎ。测量培养液温度,并采用噻唑盐（ＭＴＴ）比色试验、免疫细胞化学法检测细胞活力和ＴＧＦ－β１表达的改变。结果ＲＬＥＣｓ在常规培养条件下可表达ＴＧＦ－β１,但较弱;本实验条件下,辐照前后培养液温度未见明显改变,辐照后ＴＧＦ－β１的表达显著增强,而细胞增殖能力却较对照组降低。结论低剂量微波暴露,可能导致ＴＧＦ－β１的过表达,并抑制晶体上皮细胞增殖活力,从而使晶体发生白内障样病理改变。推测ＴＧＦ－β１表达的增强和ＲＬＥＣｓ增殖能力的降低,是微波致白内障的可能机理。     

硝酸甘油、血小板聚集抑制肽对人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶的影响

硝酸甘油作为治疗冠心病、心肌梗塞、不稳定心绞痛、心力衰竭的首选用药随着内皮细胞舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）研究的不断进展，其作用机理也不断完善。临床硝酸甘油耐受性机理目前认为［１］：１．硫氢基缺乏，２．神经激素激活，３．血浆容量扩张，但均不能满意解释硝酸甘油耐受问题。本实验通过硝酸甘油与人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）关系的研究，提供关于硝酸甘油耐受性问题的新的解释。近年研究发现，精氨酰－甘氨酰－天门冬氨酸肽段（Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｓｐ，缩写为ＲＧＤ）可以有效地抑制体内、外血小板聚集和…     

蛋白可溶性的理论预测

蛋白的高级结构、折叠进程是由一级结构确定的 ,而大量数据表明 ,蛋白的平均荷电数 (Ｅ ,Ｄ ,Ｋ ,Ｒ的数目 )、转角形成残基数 (Ｇ ,Ｓ ,Ｎ ,Ｐ)、半胱氨酸数 (Ｃ)等是影响蛋白折叠进程和可溶性的主要因素。根据上述不同氨基酸对蛋白可溶性影响大小的统计规律 ,我们建立了一种数学模型 ,并设计了一种程序ＣａｌＳｏｒＩＮＳ。利用该程序 ,可以根据蛋白的氨基酸序列预测外源蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达的可溶性指数。以分子伴侣如ＧｒｏＥＬＳ ,ＤｎａＫ ,ＧｒｐＥ ,折叠酶系如肽酰脯氨酰顺反异构酶ＰＰＩ、蛋白质二硫键异构酶ＰＤＩ、一些分子内伴…     

精氨酸加压素对内皮细胞脂质过氧化的影响

以培养的大鼠血管内皮细胞为模型，观察了精氨酸加压素对其脂质过氧化的影响及相关血管活性肽的调节作用，旨在探讨ＡＶＰ等血管活性肽对ＶＥＣ脂质过氧化的影响及与高血压病发病的关系。结果表明：（１）１０－７Ｍ的ＡＶＰ作用后，ＶＥＣ的丙二醛含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）１０－７Ｍ的降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、Ｐ物质分别与１０－７Ｍ的ＡＶＰ共同作用后，ＶＥＣ的ＭＤＡ含量均减少，与ＡＶＰ对照组比较差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此表明，ＡＶＰ可能通过增强ＶＥＣ脂质过氧化作用引起ＶＥＣ损伤，与高血压病发病有一定关系。ＣＧＲＰ、ＳＰ对ＡＶＰ有拮抗作用     

激光心肌血管重建术治疗心肌缺血后左室形态和功能表现

作者采用钕钇铝石榴石（Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ）激光直接心肌血管重建术观察对左室形态学和功能学的远期影响。１２只犬完全随机分力实验组（ＥＧ）和对照组（ＣＧ）。左室造影显示：ＥＧ的左室整体和局部射血分数（ＴＥＦ，ＡＥＦ）和左室短轴径缩短率（△Ｄ）均高于ＣＧ（Ｐ＜０．０５）：ＥＧ有２只犬显示左室前壁运动减弱，ＣＧ全部大显示左室前壁室壁瘤形成：左室舒张终末压（ＬＶＥＤＰ）在ＥＧ为－０．０６±０．８６ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）．在ＣＧ为０．３６±０．７３ｋＰａ（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＳＰＥＣＴ显示：ＣＧ全部犬发生透壁性心肌梗塞，ＥＧ仅１只犬发生心内膜下心肌埂塞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：左室造影和ＳＰＥＣＴ可用于检测心肌血管重建术后的效果；Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光用于直接心肌血管重建术是一种有效可行的方法。     

骨形成蛋白复合生物活性陶瓷修复骨缺损时血管的变化

目的研究骨形成蛋白（ＢＭＰ）复合生物活性陶瓷（ＢＧＣ）修复骨缺损时血管的变化。方法采用血管铸型方法，取大白鼠８只，随机分为４组。在麻醉下造成股骨中段１ｃｍ×０．５ｃｍ缺损，然后植入ＢＭＰ－ＢＧＣ复合材料。术后不同时相分别处死动物，观察缺损区微细血管的变化。结果植入ＢＭＰ－ＢＧＣ复合物后１周，在颗粒之间可见血管芽和新生血管形成。植入后２周，更多的血管形成，并构成血管网。植入后３周，血管网仍可见，有些血管向ＢＧＣ颗粒孔中生长。术后４周，骨缺损已愈合。与对照组相比，在ＢＭＰ－ＢＧＣ植入组中，新生血管的数量在４个时间点上都比对照组多，新骨形成也明显较早。结论ＢＭＰ不仅可诱导间质细胞向成骨细胞分化，而且也可以刺激血管的形成。这些新生血管既为骨缺损的愈合带来营养物质，又为新骨形成提供了更多的靶细胞     

鲑降钙素类似物[Glu^31,Pro^32—N（C2H5）2]sCT的合成,地级…

通过侧链悬挂固相法合成了Ｃ端二乙胺基保护及用Ｇｌｕ取代Ｔｈｒ＾３１的鲑降钙素类似物［Ｇｌｕ＾３１，Ｐｒｏ＾３２－Ｎ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）２］ｓＣＴ，以降低Ｃ端酰胺基的降解，增加肽的稳定性。用圆二色谱（ＣＤ）法研究了肽［Ｇｌｕ＾３１，Ｐｒｏ＾３２－Ｎ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）２］ｓＣＴ在水及三氟乙醇（ＴＦＥ）中的二级结构。它在大鼠体内的降钙活性为５２７６．９ＩＵ／ｍｇ。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.