脱细胞真皮与异体巩膜在眼睑重建中的实验研究

目的　了解脱细胞真皮植入兔眼睑后的组织相容性 ,比较脱细胞真皮与异体巩膜替代睑板后的组织转归。方法　 16只新西兰白兔 ,随机平均分成两组 ,在去除右下睑 5mm× 10mm的全层睑板后 ,分别植入脱细胞真皮和异体巩膜 ,观察大体情况和血液中免疫学指标的改变 ,分别于术后 1、4、8、12周取出植片 ,光镜检查组织学的改变 ,取第 4周的植片做免疫组化检查。结果　脱细胞真皮植入眼睑后结膜充血水肿消退较快 ,无植入物排斥 ,两组血液中抗体和CD 4、CD 8细胞的改变无明显差异 ,组织学检查显示脱细胞真皮引起的免疫和炎症反应轻微。作为一种生物支架 ,可以引导受体新生血管和胶原纤维的长入。结论　脱细胞真皮在植入兔眼睑后有较好的组织相容性 ,并可引导新生胶原的生长 ,起到替代睑板的作用     

异种脱细胞真皮基质联合邻位皮瓣修复眼睑全层缺损的临床观察

目的 观察异种脱细胞真皮基质联合邻位皮瓣Ⅰ期修复眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后眼睑全层缺损的临床疗效.万法 35例(35眼)眼睑恶性肿瘤患者,其中基底细胞癌21例,睑板腺癌13例,鳞状细胞癌1例;累及上睑者12例,累及下睑者23例.所有患者均行术中冰冻并根据冰冻结果确定切缘,肿物切除后眼睑有不同程度全层缺损.取异种脱细胞真皮基质替代结膜睑板组织,根据皮肤缺损大小做邻近滑行或转位皮瓣修补眼睑缺损.术后观察皮瓣及口腔修复膜愈合情况、有无眼睑闭合不全及睑球粘连.结果 随诊半年,异种脱细胞真皮基质已完全溶解,被爬行结膜上皮覆盖,皮瓣愈合良好、无一例皮瓣坏死.其中28例患者术后恢复良好,无眼睑闭合不全及睑内、外翻.4例患者出现轻度眼睑闭合不全,均无暴露性角膜炎.3例患者出现轻度睑球粘连.结论 异种脱细胞真皮基质可替代睑板结膜组织,联合邻位皮瓣治疗眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后的眼睑全层缺损有较好的临床疗效,可减少患者因取口唇黏膜或行二次眼睑重建的痛苦.     

自体游离硬腭粘膜移植修复眼睑缺损

目的探索自体硬腭粘膜修补眼睑缺损的效果。方法动物实验：３只狗的１２只眼睑，自体硬腭粘膜修补人为眼睑缺损。观察２２周，眼睑外形修复。病理检查上皮形态、厚度恢复，结缔组织内细胞及毛细血管数量呈正常水平，胶原纤维束排列整齐。临床研究：收治１３例（１５只睑）眼睑缺损患者，其中上睑３例，下睑８例，上、下睑２例。肿瘤导致缺损５例，外伤造成缺损８例。完全缺损６只睑，２／３缺损４只睑，１／２～１／３缺损５只睑。年龄２２～７９岁。采用脂肪区中厚硬腭粘膜植片修补眼睑缺损。结果术后观察平均１１．３个月。治愈８只睑，显效３只睑，改善４只睑。无严重并发症发生。结论自体硬腭粘膜移植不仅能替代睑板起支架作用，同时可修补睑结膜缺损。     

兔异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损实验研究

目的比较甘油、酒精及深低温3种方法保存兔异体睑板修复眼睑缺损的有效性和术后组织病理学反应及细胞凋亡情况。方法分3组进行甘油、酒精及深低温保存兔异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损各16眼,术后1周、1月及3月分别取材用光镜观察植片的组织病理学改变,并以原位末端标记（TUNEL）技术观察移植后细胞凋亡情况。结果3组术后均有不同程度的炎性反应出现,深低温保存兔异体睑板移植术后临床及组织病理学观察炎性反应轻于甘油及酒精保存材料移植后反应;3组均出现细胞凋亡现象,深低温组移植术后凋亡细胞数量较甘油、酒精组少。结论深低温保存的兔异体睑板移植修复眼睑缺损活性高,简便易行,保存方便,术后并发症少,排斥反应小,是理想的眼睑缺损修复的材料。     

用自体足底皮代替睑板行眼睑再造的初步报告

目的：探讨用自体足底皮代替睑板行眼睑再造术的效果。方法：对１１例（１１眼眼睑）由于切除肿瘤和外伤造成眼睑缺损病例施行手术。其中上睑９例,下睑２例。眼睑完全缺损６例,２／３缺损３例,１／２缺损２例。年龄２４～８０岁,平均５８．６岁。用自体足底皮代替睑板行眼睑再造。结果：追踪观察６～４２个月,治愈９例,好转２例,无明显并发症。结论：自体足底皮取材简便,易于成形,经济实用,是一种比较理想的睑板替代材料。     

应用自体硬腭黏膜修复睑板缺损

目的 观察自体硬腭黏膜修复睑板缺损的效果.方法 各种原因所致睑板缺损26例（26眼）.其中上睑10例,下睑14例,单眼上下睑2例.睑板完全缺损10只睑,缺损1/2～2/3者10只睑,缺损1/3～＜1/2者8只睑.取自体硬腭黏膜修剪后代替睑板修复眼睑缺损.结果 术后随访6～36月.16只睑外形及功能完全恢复,4只睑轻度睑内翻,3只睑轻度闭合不全,1只睑闭合不全为3 mm,4只睑轻度睑缘切迹.无严重并发症发生.结论 自体硬腭黏膜修复睑板缺损外形及功能均良好,自体硬腭黏膜是一种很好的睑板替代物.     

眼睑肿瘤切除眼睑重建术远期疗效观察

目的：探索恶性眼睑肿瘤组织学控制性切除和自体足底皮移植修补眼睑缺损的远期效果。方法：治疗9例（9只眼）眼睑肿瘤患者,7例恶性肿瘤采用组织学控制性切除,2例良性肿瘤采用常规方法切除。眼睑完全缺损7例,2／3缺损1例,1／2缺损1例。取自体足底皮片代替睑板修补眼睑缺损。结果：术后随访平均39．3个月。治愈7例,好转2例,眼睑肿瘤无复发,供皮足无功能障碍。结论：组织学控制性切除恶性眼睑肿瘤疗效确切,自体足底皮移植重建眼睑有利于恢复眼睑的形态和功能。     

睑板部分切除联合脱细胞真皮植入矫正瘢痕性上睑内翻临床观察

目的 评估睑板部分切除联合脱细胞真皮植入矫正瘢痕性上睑内翻的临床疗效.方法 对严重眼化学伤或热烧伤致瘢痕性上睑内翻的病人11例(13只眼睑),均行睑板部分切除联合脱细胞真皮植入术.术后随访5～20个月(平均10个月).结果 11只眼睑内翻获得成功矫正.有2只眼睑内翻复发,再次手术后睑内翻获得成功矫正.荧光素染色试验显示术后所有患者角膜上皮缺损明显减少.术前泪膜破裂时间(BUT)为(4.46±1.20)s,术后3个月延长至(6.92±1.32)s,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);术后泪液分泌量(Schirmer I试验)与术前相比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 用睑板部分切除联合脱细胞真皮植入术来治疗由眼部化学伤或热烧伤引起的伴有眼睑变形的瘢痕性上睑内翻是一种安全有效的方法.     

深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损的临床观察

目的 评价深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复,因眼睑肿物切除造成的眼睑缺损的临床效果.方法 采用深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植眼睑再造术修复眼睑缺损21例(21只眼).结果 术后随访3～80月,平均46.9月.本组病例共治愈10只眼,好转11只眼,1例(1只眼)因首次手术时切缘未净再次行扩大切除时未更换移植片导致植片脱落.结论 深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损,简便易行,保存方便,术后并发症少,临床效果满意.异体睑板睑结膜是理想的眼睑缺损修复的材料.     

保存异体睑板修复睑板缺损的临床观察

目的观察眼睑肿瘤术后保存异体睑板Ⅰ期修复睑板缺损的疗效。方法采用纯甘油保存的异体睑板,对58例眼睑肿瘤切除术后的患者行Ⅰ期睑板缺损修补术,用转位或滑行肌皮瓣和结膜瓣铺衬于异体睑板两侧。分析异体睑板的血运环境、异体睑板大小、保存时间与手术疗效的关系。术后随访3个月至10.5年,平均1.8年。结果58例中,43例异体睑板结膜瓣遮盖完全,术后1周异体睑板内可见新生血管,1个月后新生血管布满整个植片;15例异体睑板结膜瓣遮盖不全,术后2～3个月新生血管长满植片,而裸露部位的植片表层可见不同程度的融解。不同大小结膜瓣间的植片愈合效果比较,差异有显著性（χ     

用外侧眶骨膜瓣代替睑板行眼睑重建术

目的 评价用外侧眶骨膜瓣代替睑板行外侧眼睑重建术的手术效果.方法 回顾性分析13例外眦部眼睑肿瘤切除术后患者的临床资料,其中眼睑基底细胞癌7例,睑板腺癌4例,鳞状细胞癌2例,切除肿瘤同时一期用外侧眶骨膜代替睑板,用颧部或颊部的旋转皮瓣或滑行皮瓣修复缺损皮肤行眼睑重建术.结果 术后随访8～56个月,未发现肿瘤复发,所有患者眼睑形态自然,双侧睑裂基本对称,眼睑活动好,无眼睑切迹及内翻倒睫和外翻情况出现.患者对手术疗效表示满意.结论 用外侧眶骨膜瓣代替睑板行眼睑重建术对于外侧眼睑缺损在1/3-2/3范围内且肿瘤未影响到眶骨的患者,尤其对于同时影响上下睑的患者的眼睑修复是一种较好的方法 .(中华眼科杂志,2009,45:127-130)     

睑板腺癌术后眼睑缺损的整复

目的探讨睑板腺癌术后眼睑缺损的整复方法。方法睑板腺癌6例。1例上睑肿物切除后上睑缺损小于1/4,创缘直接分层缝合;1例上睑肿物切除后上睑缺损大于1/2,但未侵及睑板上缘,残留睑板结膜瓣向下滑行修复缺损;2例肿物侵及睑板上缘,切除后缺损分别大于1/2和3/4,下睑板结膜滑行修复上睑缘,上睑提肌瓣向下滑行和滑行睑板吻合;1例下睑肿物切除后缺损大于3/4,鼻颊部皮瓣转移修复;1例部分眶内容摘除植皮修复。结果术后随访观察12～19个月,1例眶内容摘除眶内皮片成活良好,其余5例眼睑外形及功能均恢复,眼睑闭合好,活动自如。结论睑板腺癌切除术后根据眼睑缺损的部位和大小选择不同的修复方案,均取得了良好的效果。     

风筝皮瓣修复眼睑前层及中面部皮肤缺损

目的 评价风筝皮瓣修复合并或不合并中面部皮肤缺损的眼睑前层缺损的疗效.方法 自2008年1月至2010年3月,以面部皮下组织为蒂,设计"风筝"皮瓣,联合或不联合硬腭黏膜移植,修复合并或不合并中面部皮肤缺损的眼睑缺损共10例.眼睑前层或和中面部皮肤缺损面积为(1.2～6.5)cm2、(0.7～4.0)cm2.其中下眼睑中央水平方向4/5、垂直方向完全全层缺损合并颧颊部皮肤缺损1例,下睑内侧水平方向1/2、垂直方向完全全层缺损、下泪小点下泪小管缺损合并中面部皮肤缺损1例,下睑水平及垂直方向均完全全层缺损合并下泪小点及下泪小管缺损1例,上下睑水平方向完全、垂直方向1/3全层缺损合并上下泪小点泪小管缺损1例,下睑中央水平方向4/5、垂直方向完全全层缺损合并颧颊部皮肤缺损1例,全上眼睑前层及颞部皮肤缺损1例,下睑内侧水平方向1/3、垂直方向1/5前层缺损1例,上下睑中央水平方向2/3、上睑垂直方向1/3,下睑垂直方向2/3全层缺损1例,上下睑内侧1/3前层及内呲内侧皮肤缺损合并上下泪小点缺损1例,外眦外侧前层及颞部皮肤缺损1例.结果 皮瓣均无张力修复缺损,皮瓣及硬腭黏膜均全部成活,眼睑外形、功能完全恢复.结论 风筝皮瓣是修复眼睑缺损及面部皮肤缺损的良好方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of rehabilitating the anterior 1amella of eyelids and midfacial skin defects with kite flap.Methods From January 2008 to March 2010,with or without combination of a hard palate mucosal grafts,the kite flap on a subcutaneous pedicle have been used to repair defect in the anterior lamella of eyelids and midfacial skin in 10 patients.The area of the defect in the anterior lamella of eyelids and midfacial skin ranged from(1.2～6.5)×(0.8～4)cm.Among them,defects span central 4/5 in horizontal direction and complete in vertical direction in full-thickness lower eyelid and partes zygomatica skin in 2 patient,medial 1/2 in horizontal direction and complete in vertical direction and puncta and canaliculus in full-thickness lower eyelid and midface skin in 1 patient,complete lower eyelid and inferior puncta and canaliculus in 1 patient,complete in horizontal direction and 1/3 in vertical direction and puncta and canaliculus both in full-thickness upper and lower eyelids in 1 patient,complete anterior layer of upper eyelid and temples skin in 1 patient,medial 1/3 in horizontal direction and 1/5 in vertical direction in the anterior lamella of lower eyelid in 1 patient,central 2/3 in horizontal direction and 1/3 in vertical direction in full-thickness upper eyelid,and central 2/3 in horizontal direction and 2/3 in vertical direction in full-thickness lower eyelid in 1 patient,medial 1/3 of anterior lamella and puncta and canaliculus both in upper and lower eyelid and inside skin of medial canthus in 1 patient,outside skin of outer canthus and temples skin in 1 patient.Results All flaps and hard palate mucosal grafts were survived.All defects were repaired without tention.The cosmetic appearance and function of eyelids rehabilitated.Conclusions The kite flap provides a competitive method for repairing the anterior lamella of eyelids and facial skin defects.     

The safety and applications of acellular human dermal allograft in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery: a preliminary report

PURPOSE: To describe the uses and determine the safety of a commercially available acellular dermal allograft in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. The existing literature regarding current applications and results using acellular dermal allograft is reviewed. METHODS: The study design was a retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants consisted of 63 consecutive patients undergoing ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery using an acellular dermal matrix graft. The main intervention was placement of a dermal allograft. Outcome measures included the degree of clinical improvement and complications for each patient. RESULTS: We used AlloDerm (LifeCell Corporation, The Woodlands, TX, U.S.A.) as a posterior lamellar conjunctival spacer graft, a soft tissue interpositional graft, and an orbital implant wrapping material. Clinical improvement was noted in all cases. There were no complications attributable to the acellular dermal matrix material. CONCLUSIONS: We describe several novel ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgical applications using acellular dermal allograft tissue. This material may be used safely as a posterior lamellar conjunctival spacer graft, a soft tissue interpositional graft, and a wrapping material. Clinically, the allograft appears to be biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonallergenic in the orbit, eyelid, and midfacial tissues. Long-term data and studies comparing the efficacy of acellular dermal allograft with conventional materials are necessary.     

Processed human pericardium barrier for gold weight implantation

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of processed human pericardium as a barrier material for gold weight implantation. METHODS: In this retrospective, noncomparative case series, all patients undergoing gold weight implantation with human pericardium barrier between November 2000 and May 2002 were studied. Charts were reviewed for surgical indications, gold weight size, follow-up interval, and complications. RESULTS: Twenty-three eyelids of 23 patients underwent gold weight implantation with processed human pericardium barrier material. There were 15 female and 8 male patients. Mean patient age was 53 years (range, 22 to 78 years). Indications for surgery included extruded implant (4 eyelids), thin tissues overlying existing implant (3 eyelids), thin anterior lamellar eyelid tissues (6 eyelids), radiotherapy (1 eyelid), and requirement for long-term gold weight therapy (9 eyelids). Mean follow-up was 11 months (range, 3 to 36 months). Acceptable tissue coverage was found in 23 of 23 eyelids. There were no complications of infection, extrusion, or thinning of overlying tissues. One patient had prolonged eyelid edema and erythema that resolved spontaneously 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Human pericardium appears to be well tolerated on at least a short-term basis within the eyelid when used as a barrier material for gold weight implantation.     

A modified posterior approach for upper eyelid retraction

PURPOSE: To describe and review a graded technique for lowering the upper eyelid from a posterior approach, recessing or resecting Müller muscle and levator aponeurosis but leaving a central pillar of Müller muscle intact, occasionally including a temporal tarsorrhaphy or superior tarsal strip where needed, and performing tissue dissection with a hot-wire cautery instrument. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective chart review was performed. Where follow-up was less than 6 months, telephone interviews were conducted to assess patient satisfaction with the procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t test. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients (161 eyelids, 62 bilateral and 37 unilateral) with a mean age of 47 years (range, 21-82 years) were studied. The mean follow-up period was 61 months. The mean preoperative and postoperative margin reflex distances (MRD1) were 7.3 mm (range, 4.5-10 mm) and 4.3 mm (range, 2-7 mm), respectively. Eighty-nine percent (144/161 eyelids) achieved the target result of an MRD1 of 4 +/- 1 mm after one procedure. Fifteen eyelids (9% of operated eyelids) required a second procedure, and in this group, 2 (13% of the reoperated eyelids) underwent a third procedure. Although bilateral cases were more likely to achieve symmetry (p = 0.0071), 90% of either unilateral or bilateral cases achieved a postoperative MRD1 of 4 +/- 1 mm. Both mild (MRD1 of 5-7 mm) and severe (MRD1 > 7 mm) cases of eyelid retraction achieved similar operative outcomes. In the first 6 months after surgery, complications included undercorrection (8 eyelids), overcorrection (2 eyelids), and pyogenic granuloma (2 eyelids). None had a flattened upper eyelid contour. Late recurrence of retraction was seen in 9 eyelids. Mean operative time was 16 minutes per eyelid. CONCLUSIONS: This technique of lowering the retracted upper eyelid is effective even in severe cases of eyelid retraction. Minimal complications were encountered, and upper eyelid contours were well preserved. The use of hot-wire cautery dissection proved useful in shortening operative time.