阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能及脉搏波速度的影响

目的 探讨冠心病患者服用阿托伐他汀1年肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)及脉搏波速度(PWV)的影响.方法 选取35例(≥60岁)长期服用阿托伐他汀的冠心病患者作为阿托伐他汀组,选取25例(≥60岁)从未用过调脂药物的冠心病患者作为未服用阿托伐他汀组,20例(＜60岁)健康人作健康对照组,阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗的基础上,服用阿托伐他汀10 mg,1次/d,睡前口服,治疗1年.治疗前后用高频超声和科林VP-1000检查FMD及PWV,同时测血脂.结果 阿托伐他汀组治疗后与治疗前及未服用阿托伐他汀组相比FMD(P＜0.05),PWV(P＜0.05)及血脂(P＜0.05)均明显改善.结论 冠心病患者应用阿托伐他汀不仅可以调脂,还可以改善FMD及PWV,从而改善动脉弹性.     

原发性高血压患者肱动脉流量介导的舒张活性变化

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的改变。方法:应用无创性高分辨率超声检测61例EH患者(EH组)和38例正常血压者(对照组)肱动脉流量介导的舒张(FMD)活性,以评价其血管内皮功能。结果:①对照者、Ⅰ级EH者、Ⅱ级EH者的FMD呈逐渐明显降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。②Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级EH组的FMD峰值时间较对照组均明显延迟(分别P<0.05和<0.01)。结论:EH患者存在着明显的内皮功能障碍,并随着病程进展损害逐渐加重。     

Associations between parameters of flow-mediated vasodilatation obtained by continuous measurement approaches and the presence of coronary artery disease and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis

We investigated the associations between the parameters of flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) obtained by continuous measurement approaches and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The subjects consisted of 282 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and in whom we could measure FMD. Using continuous measurement approaches, we measured FMD as the magnitude of the percentage change from brachial artery diameter from baseline to peak (bFMD), the maximum FMD rate calculated as the maximal slope of dilation (FMD-MDR), and the integrated FMD response calculated as the area under the dilation curve during the 60- and 120 s dilation periods (FMD-AUC₆₀ and FMD-AUC₁₂₀). We divided the patients into two groups, the CAD group and the non-CAD group, and defined the severity of coronary atherosclerosis according to the Gensini score. The CAD group showed significantly lower %FMD, FMD-MDR, FMD-AUC₆₀, and FMD-AUC₁₂₀. Gender, smoking, dyslipidemia (DL), and diabetes mellitus (DM), in addition to FMD-AUC₁₂₀, were identified as significant independent variables that predicted the presence of CAD by a multivariate logistic regression. In addition, a multiple regression analysis indicated that gender, DL, and hypertension, in addition to FMD-AUC₁₂₀, were predictors of the Gensini score. Finally, we defined the cutoff value of FMD-AUC₁₂₀ for the prediction of CAD in all patients as 11.1 (sensitivity 0.582, specificity 0.652) by a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

In conclusion, FMD-AUC₁₂₀ as assessed by continuous measurement approaches may be a superior marker for evaluating the presence of CAD and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.     

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in patients with Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

Background

Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a heart syndrome associated with transient myocardial contractile dysfunction. The pathogenesis of TTC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with TTC.

Methods

The results of FMD tests of 4 women with TTC were compared with the results from 18 women with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and from 26 healthy female volunteers. FMD tests in all patients were performed within 24 hours of admission and again at 1-3 weeks as a follow-up.

Results

The FMD levels were significantly lower at the acute phase in patients with TTC than in patients with STEMI and in healthy volunteers (P <.01). After 1-3 weeks, the FMD test results of patients with TTC had greatly increased, and no significant differences were found between these results and the results from patients with STEMI (P >.05). Also, there were no significant differences in the FMD test results between the group of patients with TTC and the group of healthy volunteers (P >.05).

Conclusions

There is a pronounced and reversible endothelial dysfunction in patients with TTC, which can impair myocardial perfusion.     

The predictive value of flow-mediated dilation and carotid artery intima-media thickness for occult coronary artery disease

Background: Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is an attractive noninvasive alternative to assess overall coronary artery disease (CAD) burden and may reveal coronary plaques, which may be underestimated by conventional coronary angiography. The aim of this study was to determine whether brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CIMT) might accurately predict patients with occult coronary plaques whose conventional coronary angiographies revealed normal coronary arteries (NCA). Methods: Thirty‐five patients with angiographically NCA were consecutively recruited into the study. They underwent MDCT and were divided into NCA group (18 patients; 8 male; 47 ± 9 years) and occult CAD group (17 patients; 11 male; 50 ± 10 years) according to presence of coronary plaque. Nineteen consecutive patients with evident CAD (16 male; 54 ± 7 years) and 19 healthy subjects (10 male; 50 ± 6 years) were included as control groups. FMD and CIMT were measured by brachial and carotid artery ultrasonography. Results: Occult CAD group had significantly lower FMD and insignificantly higher CIMT than NCA group whereas they had significantly higher FMD and insignificantly lower CIMT than evident CAD group. NCA group had significantly lower CIMT than evident CAD group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated FMD < 8% (sensitivity: 94.4%; specificity: 73.0%; PPV: 77.3%; NPV: 93.1%) and CIMT ≥ 0.65 cm (sensitivity: 72.2%; specificity: 62.2%; PPV: 65.0%; NPV: 69.7%) could predict patients with CAD. FMD and CIMT were independent predictors of CAD (P < 0.001; OR: 45.630; 95%CI: 5.38–386.983 and P = 0.015; OR: 14.226; 95%CI: 1.666–121.467, respectively). Conclusion: FMD and CIMT might predict patients with occult CAD and be helpful in selecting patients for MDCT. (Echocardiography 2011;28:1141‐1147)     

Acute myocardial infarction with significant left main coronary artery stenosis, significant 3-vessel coronary artery disease and elevated troponin-I at admission

Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in lead aVR accompanied by ST-segment elevation in lead V1 might be a specific finding of left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis. Lead aVR and lead v1 ST segment elevation has been reported, during an attack of chest pain, in patients with LMCA disease with ST segment depression in leads V3, V4 and V5 (with maximal depression in V4). ST-segment elevation in lead aVR in patients with angina at rest can be related to transmural ischemia of the basal part of the interventricular septum, frequently due to LMCA or multivessel coronary disease too. 3-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and LMCA disease show a frequent combination of leads with abnormal ST segments during chest pain with ST-segment depression in leads I II V4-V6, and ST-segment elevation in lead aVR. When ST-segment status in lead aVR combines with troponin T, ST-segment elevation in lead aVR and positive troponin T on admission are useful predictors of LMCA or 3-vessel CAD. We present a case of acute myocardial infarction with significant left main coronary artery stenosis, significant 3-vessel coronary artery disease and elevated troponin I at admission in an 83-year-old Italian woman. Also this case focuses attention on the importance of the recognition of the patterns suspected for LMCA and/or 3-vessel coronary disease.     

Gender differences in coronary artery diameters and survival results after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) procedures

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death among men and women. The gender related survival differences following off-pump surgery was the subject of the study with relation to coronary arteries diameters according to sizes of intraluminal shunts applied during surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of 2,772 patients who were referred for surgical revascularization in our department between 2010 and 2018 with mean follow up period of 76 months. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with off-pump technique (OPCAB) with intraluminal shunts application during each anastomosis.ResultsThe multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards model revealed male sex as significant all-cause mortality risk factor [hazard ratio (HR) =4.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): (3.12–6.83)]. The survival proportion was significantly lower in male than female (73% vs. 94%; P<0.0001) within 130 months of follow up despite favorable results of coronary artery diameters. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) diameters of coronary arteries measured by shunts applied during off-pump revascularization were 1.81±0.28 vs. 1.7±0.26 mm (P<0.0001) for left anterior descending artery (LAD) anastomosis, 1.78±0.27 vs. 1.71±0.29 mm (P<0.0001) for circumflex artery (Cx) anastomosis and 1.77±0.28 vs. 1.72±0.31 mm (P>0.05) for right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis in men and women subgroups, respectively.ConclusionsFemale sex is associated with better overall late survival following surgical revascularization despite smaller diameters of coronary arteries in direct measurement with the use of intraluminal shunt application.     

培垛普利对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后肱动脉内皮功能障碍的影响

目的探讨培垛普利对经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）操作所诱发的肱动脉内皮功能不全的影响。方法实行PCI的冠心病患者62例,随机分为2组,培垛普利组31例,对照组31例,应用高频超声探头分别测量2组PCI术前及术后的肱动脉基础内径、反应性充血内径、含服硝酸甘油后内径,计算肱动脉血流介导的舒张反应（FMD）,并运用多普勒技术测定血流速度峰值,最后比较2组间及组内上述参数的差异。超声测量于PCI术前2h和术后30min内完成。结果培垛普利组的FMD明显改善[（5．9±0．3）％术前vs（7．7±0．4）％术后PCI,P〈0．0013,而对照组明显恶化[（6．0±0．5）％术前vs（4．8±0．6）％术后PCI,P〈0．0013。两组硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张反应及反应性充血血流速度峰值均无明显变化。结论培垛普利可改善PCI介导的肱动脉内皮功能不全。     

Interrelationship between noninvasive predictors of atherosclerosis: transthoracic coronary flow reserve, flow-mediated dilation, carotid intima-media thickness, aortic stiffness, aortic distensibility, elastic modulus, and brachial artery diameter

BACKGROUND: In this study, we searched for a correlation between transthoracic coronary flow reserve (CFR) and well-established surrogates of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS: The study was conducted on 136 healthy subjects (mean age: 39.9 +/- 7.3 years) who were free of coronary risk factors. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure the aortic stiffness index (AoSI), aortic distensibility (AoD), and aortic elastic modulus (AoEM). High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery endothelium-dependent and independent vasomotion and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). In addition, transthoracic second harmonic Doppler echocardiography was used to measure CFR. RESULTS: All of the parameters significantly correlated with each other except brachial endothelium-independent dilation. CFR correlated significantly with brachial endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) (r = 0.302, P < 0.01), carotid IMT (r =-0.388, P < 0.01), brachial artery diameter (r = 0.340, P < 0.01), AoD (r = 0.275, P < 0.01), AoS (r =-0.299, P < 0.01), and AoEM (r =-0.30,7 P < 0.01). Carotid IMT correlated significantly with brachial EDD and modestly with brachial artery diameter, AoD, AoS, and AoEM.In multivariate analysis, carotid IMT (beta=-0.323, P < 0.0001) and brachial artery diameter (beta = -0.259, P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of CFR. The left ventricular mass index (beta= 0.371, P < 0.0001), brachial EDD (beta = -0.232, P = 0.002), and CFR (beta = -0.228, P = 0.003) were significant predictors for IMT. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic CFR correlated significantly with well-established noninvasive predictors of atherosclerosis, and we suggest that it can be used as a surrogate for coronary atherosclerosis.     

不同性别非冠状动脉阻塞性胸痛患者冠状动脉血流储备特点及影响因素研究

目的 探讨不同性别非冠状动脉阻塞性胸痛患者冠脉血流储备的特点及影响因素.方法 入选2011年10月至2017年9月于北京大学第三医院心内科就诊的302例影像学检查证实冠脉狭窄＜50％的胸痛患者,行经胸多普勒超声心动图测定冠状动脉左前降支的冠脉血流储备(CFR),比较男女性CFR特点.结果 研究对象平均年龄(60.1±9...     

青年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及相关危险因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的临床特点在青年与老年患者间的差异。方法回顾性分析48例青年冠心病患者与156例老年冠心病患者的临床资料,着重分析比较两组的危险因素及冠状动脉造影结果。结果青年组冠心病患者女性比例占6.25%(3/48),明显低于老年组的33.33%(52/156),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。青年组体质量指数明显高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(27.03±2.73)kg/m2vs.(25.16±3.05)kg/m2,P0.01]。青年组大量吸烟的比例也远高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[75.00%(36/48)vs.36.54%(57/156),P0.01]。老年组合并原发性高血压、糖尿病的发生率高于青年组,差异有统计学意义[51.28%(80/156)vs.16.67%(8/48),P0.01;30.77%(48/156)vs.6.25%(3/48),P0.01]。青年组血浆总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及三酰甘油浓度与老年组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。青年组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度低于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(0.85±1.80)mmol/Lvs.(1.08±0.23)mmol/L,P0.01]。青年组血浆尿酸浓度高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(349.10±67.02)mmol/lvs.(323.77±73.82)mmol/L,P0.01]。青年组冠状动脉病变以单支病变为主,且左前降支病变发生率最高。结论男性、肥胖、大量吸烟为青年冠心病主要发病危险因素,低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和高尿酸浓度也可能为青年冠心病的危险因素;青年冠状动脉病变轻,以单支病变为主。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血管内皮功能的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血管内皮功能的关系。方法应用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对176例健康老年人(健康对照组)及161例老年冠心病患者(冠心病组)进行肱动脉血管内皮功能的超声检测,并对老年冠心病组患者冠状动脉病变支数与肱动脉血管内皮功能进行分析。结果反应性充血(reactive hyperemia,RH)后血管内径的变化率(flow-mediated diameter,FMD)及RH在老年冠心病组分别为6.05%及56.29%,而在健康对照组则分别为16.12%及127.23%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。FMD在1支冠状动脉病变时为6.37%,在2支冠状动脉病变时下降为5.69%,而在3支冠状动脉病变时仅为3.94%;RH在1支冠状动脉病变时为62.19%,在2支冠状动脉病变时下降为53.45%,而在3支冠状动脉病变时仅为40.13%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论老年冠心病组血管内皮功能较健康对照组明显减退。随着冠心病患者冠状动脉血管病变程度的增加,血管内皮功能进一步减退。血管内皮功能的减退在一定程度上可能反映了冠状动脉血管病变的严重程度。     

冠心病患者肾动脉狭窄及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨接受冠状动脉造影及冠心病患者合并肾动脉狭窄的发生率及其危险因素。方法　对连续 15 7例接受冠状动脉造影的患者进行腹主动脉数字减影血管造影检查。结果　 15 7例患者中 ,肾动脉狭窄发生率为 14 0 % ;经冠状动脉造影证实的 81例冠心病患者中 ,肾动脉狭窄的发生率为 2 5 9% ;冠状动脉造影完全正常的 62例患者中 ,无 1例有肾动脉狭窄。多元Logistic回归分析表明 ,冠心病、糖尿病及血肌酐 >10 0 μmol/L是存在肾动脉狭窄的独立预测因素。 结论　对冠心病合并高血压、糖尿病、特别是血肌酐 >10 0 μmol/L的患者 ,冠状动脉造影时应常规进行腹主动脉造影检查 ,以尽早发现肾动脉狭窄。     

早发与晚发冠心病患者临床及冠状动脉病变特点的性别差异分析

目的:探讨早发与晚发冠心病患者临床及冠状动脉(冠脉)病变特点的性别差异.方法:收集2016年1月—2017年2月于我院心内科经冠脉造影(CAG)检查明确冠心病诊断的692例患者一般和临床资料,根据NECP-ATP Ⅲ规定将所纳入患者分为早发冠心病组(男性110例、女性83例)与晚发冠心病组(男性298例、女性201例)...     

A propensity score analysis on the effect of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with coronary artery disease

Aim

The aim of this retrospective observational study was to investigate the effect of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed using a propensity score analysis in 290 consecutive patients undergoing CABG between April 2009 and March 2014, of them, 54 patients undergoing off-pump CABG (OPCABG) were matched with 54 patients undergoing on-pump CABG (ONCABG) by propensity score. The perioperative complications and hospital mortality were documented.

Results

Preoperative characteristics were comparable in both groups following propensity matching. Postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) incidence was lower in OPCABG group than in ONCABG group (3.7% vs. 14.8%, P=0.046); both hospital mortality and the major complications rates were similar in the two groups after propensity adjustment for preoperative characteristics.

Conclusions

The perioperative complications are similar in both off-pump and on pump CABG groups, the short-term effect of OPCABG is similar to that of ONCABG.     

严重冠脉病变的心电图分析

目的分析左主干、前降支近端或三支病变冠心病心绞痛患者的心电图改变。方法13例冠脉造影诊断为左主干、前降支近端或三支病变的患者,对其静息时、心绞痛发作时心电图有无aVR、V1导联的ST段抬高及临床资料进行分析。结果胸痛发作时11例出现了aVR、V1导联典型改变,静息时2例aVR、V1导联改变。结论心电图aVR、V1导联ST段抬高,尤其STaVR〉STV1,V4～V6导联ST段下移,合并Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联或Ⅰ、Ⅱ导联ST段下移与冠脉左主干、前降支近端严重狭窄及三支病变有良好的相关性。     

Current use of beta-blockers in patients with coronary artery disease

Beta-blockers have long comprised a cornerstone in the symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart disease and in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and heart failure. The majority of studies underlying the evidence of a beneficial effect of beta-blockers on outcomes were conducted more than 25 years ago. In a contemporary era where treatment strategies and secondary prophylactic therapy have undergone several changes, the continued role of beta-blockers in ischemic heart disease has been questioned, especially in the absence of heart failure or a recent myocardial infarction. In summary, few randomized clinical trials are available on the effect of beta-blockers in the reperfusion era, especially on hard endpoints. Likewise, the results of numerous observational studies and meta-analysis are conflicting, emphasizing the need for additional large-scale randomized clinical trials to evaluate the role of beta-blocker therapy in current clinical practice.