乳化劈裂技术在硬核白内障超声乳化吸除术中的应用

目的 探讨乳化劈裂技术在硬核白内障超声乳化中的应用价值。方法 对采用乳化劈裂技术实施超声乳化白内障吸除术的硬核白内障276眼，记录手术中使用的超声功率、超声乳化时间，观察术后视力和角膜内皮水肿情况。结果 使用超声功率50％～70％，平均超声乳化时间2．8min，术后1周视力≥0．3者占95．3％，未发生角膜内皮失代偿等严重并发症。结论 乳化劈裂技术在硬核白内障超声乳化中应用是安全有效的。     

外引流术后的白内障超声乳化手术

目的：探讨抗青光眼餐引流术后的白内障患眼进行超声乳化吸除术的手术入路，操作方式及临床效果。方法：避开功能性滤过泡，选择角巩膜隧道切口或透明角膜切口，瞳孔麻痹性散大时，做一个完美的直径约5mm的连续环形撕囊以补偿之；恰当处理虹膜后粘连后，在病理性小瞳孔下完成超声乳化手术；眼压失控者行青光眼白内障人工晶体植入三联术。结果：无后囊破裂，人工晶体全部囊袋内植入，术后1周视力≥0．5者20只眼（64．5％），0．1－0．4者8只眼（25．8％），＜0．1者3只眼（9．7％）。随访1－16个月，眼压均在20.55mmHg以下。结论：体外流术后的白内障患眼，超声乳化手术因其切口小，并发症少，不破坏功能性滤过泡，不损伤瞳孔，是目前各种手术方法中的最佳选择。     

角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除及折叠式人工晶体植入的临床疗效比较

目的 比较角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除及折叠式人工晶体植入与囊外摘除术及PMMA人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法 67例(62只眼)老年白内障患者随机分为两组：37例(50只眼)行超声乳化及折叠式人工晶体(AcrySof)植入(AcrySof组)；30例(42只眼)行囊外摘除及PMMA人工晶体植入(PMMA组)，观察术后视力，前房炎症反应和后囊膜混浊发生情况。结果 术后1d视力：≥0．5者，AcrySof组占56．6％，PMMA组占23．8％；≥1．0者两组分别为38．0％及4．7％。术后1周视力：≥0．5者，AcrySof组占64．0％，PMMA组占42．9％；≥1．0者分别为48．0％及9．5％。术后3个月的视力：≥0．5者，A~ysof’组占70．0％，PMMA组占52．4％；≥1．0者分别为62．0％及21．4％；术后l周前房炎症反应的发生率：AcrySof组为5．40％，PMMA组为26．7％。随访1年后囊膜混浊发生率：AcrySof组为8．0％，PMMA组为28．6％。结论 角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除及折叠式人工晶体植入术后视力恢复好，前房炎症反应及后囊膜混浊发生率显著低于囊外摘除及PMMA人工晶体植入。     

改良小切口手法白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术的研究

目的分析小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术的临床效果及方法。对137例（142眼）白内障进行小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术。结果术后1天，患者裸眼视力或矫正视力≥O．5者占52．8％，术后1周矫正视力≥0．5者，占60．20％，≥1．0者占21．50％。结论此手术技术操作简易，容易掌握，效果可靠，适应症广，适合基层医院开展。     

白内障超声乳化术中后囊破裂的后房型人工晶体植入术

目的：评价白内障超声乳化术中后囊破裂的I期后房型人工晶体植入术的疗效。方法：对231例（269眼）施行的白内障超声乳化术中后囊破裂39例（40眼）行I期后房型人工晶体植入术。结果：囊袋内植入12眼，人工晶体光学部前囊固定13眼，睫状沟内植入13眼，2眼需缝线固定，随访1－37个月，裸眼视力≥0．5者33眼（82．5％），≥1．0者19眼（47．5％），矫正视力≥0．5者38眼（95％），≥1．0者25眼（62．5％），并发症主要有：人工晶体偏位3眼，瞳孔变形2眼，结论：白内障超声乳化术中后囊破裂时，控制破口的扩大，利用前，后囊作支撑，结合前段玻璃体切割术，植入后房型人工晶体仍可取得满意的效果。     

表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化术的临床观察

目的：观察表面麻醉在白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术中的效果。方法：采用表面麻醉的方法对120例（148只眼）进行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果：120例均在表面麻醉下完成，术后1周最佳视力≥0．5者为81．5％，术后1月最佳视力≥0．5者为90．3％，主要并发症：后囊破裂12只眼（8．1％）中度角膜水肿9只眼（6％）。结论：白内障超声乳化术中表面麻醉是一种简便、安全、有效的麻醉方法。     

小切口无缝线白内障非超声乳化与超声乳化疗效观察

目的观察比较小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘除与超声乳化的术后视力及并发症。方法将360眼单纯性老年性白内障随机分为两组，1组行超声乳化吸出术，2组行小切口无缝线非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除术，观察术后1周的视力，术中术后并发症。结果术后1周裸眼视力：超声乳化组和小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘除组≤0．4者分别占18．3％和18．9％，0．5～0．9者占66．1％和66．6％，≥1．0者占15．6％和14．4％；术中后囊破裂两组分别为4．4％和3．3％；术后角膜内皮水肿分别为16．1％和17．2％。结论两种手术疗效相似，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。非超声乳化白内障手术方法简便经济，适合在基层医院开展。     

基层医院开展白内障超声乳化手术

目的：探讨基层医院从白内障囊外摘除术转型到白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术。方法：采用普通的手术设备,3个月内完成38眼晶状体超声乳化并人工晶体植入手术进行分析。结果：经手术后2个月随访,术后视力〉0．3者占89．5％,其中视力≥0．8者占78．9％,其中后囊膜破裂2眼,晶状体半脱位1眼。虹膜粘连引起小瞳孔1眼,超声时间28眼为0．2～0．9分钟,平均0．6分钟,超声能量20％～60％,平均38％。结论：基层医院虽设备较差,初学者并不能完全撑握超声乳化术,但只要充分准备,细心操作,完全能够开展白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术。     

白内障超声乳化术271眼临床分析

目的总结白内障超声乳化手术的疗效。方法对271眼各种类型白内障患者进行超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术。结果术后d1视力≥0．1者223眼占82．3％；≥0．3者189眼占69．7％，术后1wk视力≥0．3者235眼占86．7％，术中后囊破裂术后角膜水肿为主要并发症。结论白内障超声乳化术优点为切口小，损伤小，视力恢复快，但早期并发症较多，应注意病例选择，注意手术操作技巧，掌握并发症的预防处理措施，减少并发症的发生。     

高度近视眼合并白内障低负度数人工晶体植入的临床观察

目的：评价高度近视眼合并白内障行超声乳化白内障摘除并低、度度数人工晶体植 入的疗效。方法：63例68眼高度近视眼合并白内障行反眉状隧遂道式自闭性切口行超声乳化摘除术，5．5mm切口植入人工晶体，眼轴26mm-30mm者38眼，＞30mm者30只眼，随访0．5年－2年，观察超声能量，时间，术后不同眼轴视力和并发症。结果：眼轴26mm-30mm组术后3月视力＞0．5者34只眼，占89．5％，＞30mm组术后3月视力≥0．5者15只眼，占50．0％，后囊膜破损并玻璃体溢出3只眼（4．4％）半年后发生视网膜脱离2只眼（2．9％），角膜水肿11只眼（16．1％）。术后3个月视力比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05），结论：高度近视眼合并白内障行超声乳化白内障摘除并低，负度数人工晶体植入术可提高患者视力，改善视功能，但＞30mm组效果较差。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.