医院信息系统在早产儿视网膜病防治及随访中的应用

探索早产儿视网膜病(ROP)防治及随访在医院信息系统(HIS)系统管理模式的可行性。通过正规用氧安全教育、完善的监护设备、防治早产儿的各种并发症、筛查对象、筛查时间、正规的眼底筛查、筛查结果分析、随访方案等,以及应用HIS系统管理病例,以期对所有符合标准的早产儿做到一例不漏地筛查和阳性病例的全程随访,从而做到早期诊断和及时治疗,以降低致盲率,提高早产儿生存质量。     

早产儿视网膜病的高危因素分析

目的了解我院早产儿视网膜病（refinopathy of prematurity,ROP）的发病状况,并对其高危因素进行分析。方法对2010年1月至2012年12月在我院新生儿科住院的早产儿（胎龄≤36周,体重≤2．5kg）,于生后2周进行ROP筛查,并定期随访。将患儿全身状况及吸氧、母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素进行分析。结果255例患儿全部完成了眼底筛查,在周边视网膜血管化或病变退化后终止随访,发现ROP16例（26只眼）,ROP患病率为6．3％（5．1％）,其中Ⅰ期12例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例。高危因素分析示胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间,吸氧浓度、机械通气与ROP相关（P〈0．05）;母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素与ROP发病无关。结论早产、吸氧浓度高、机械通气是ROP的主要危险因素。对早产儿适时进行ROP筛查,并对发现的ROP早期进行有效视网膜激光光凝术,可控制病变,降低早产儿的致盲率。     

早产儿视网膜病防治进展

近年来 ,早产儿视网膜病 (ROP)发病率随着早产儿存活率的提高而相应增加。ROP一旦出现牵拉性视网膜剥离 ,则失明率和致残率高。ROP临床进展分为 5期 ,其治疗方法依病程早晚而异 ,包括药物治疗、氧疗、手术治疗等。目前 ,在 3期ROP行外周性视网膜消融术疗效最理想 ,因此 ,必需建立完备有效的ROP筛查制度 ,争取做到早诊断、早治疗     

早产儿视网膜病防治进展

近年来，早产儿视网膜病(ROP)发病率随着早产儿存活率的提高而相应增加。ROP一旦出现牵拉性视网膜剥离，则失明率和致残率高、ROP临味进展分为5期，其治疗方法依病程早晚而异，包括药物治疗、氧疗、手术治疗等。目前、在3期ROP行外周性视网膜消融术疗效最理想，因此，必需建立完备有效的ROP筛查制度、争取做到早诊断、早治疗。     

切实加强对早产儿视网膜病的防治

早产儿视网膜病(ROP)是儿童致盲的重要原因之一,我国每年约有100万早产儿面临发生ROP的危险,目前对ROP的防治工作还不够规范和完善,切实加强对ROP的防治非常重要。以下3个方面是防治ROP的关键环节:通过积极预防,降低ROP发生率;通过早期诊断,及时发现ROP;通过及时治疗,降低ROP致盲率。     

早产儿视网膜病多中心筛查过程中的管理体会

目的总结高危早产儿视网膜病(ROP)眼底筛查过程中的一些管理体会,以减少失访,提高筛查效果,避免发生严重合并症。方法2005年1月1日至2006年2月31日在华东地区13家三级医院建立了早产儿视网膜病筛查协作网,将出生体重<2000g或者胎龄≤34周的所有早产儿纳入筛查对象,进行登记,在筛查过程中加强管理,对出院病例加强与家长的沟通。结果共纳入882例研究对象,对所有病例进行眼底筛查,筛查率达到100%。在第1次眼底检查后对所有病例都进行随访,共有95例失访,失访率为13.9%;在随访过程中有25例患儿死亡,死亡病例在ROP检查前或随访结束前死亡,无ROP病例;拒绝检查10例,最终完成随访病例752例,其中有123例发生ROP,发生率为16.4%。在ROP中,需要激光治疗24例,冷冻治疗10例,合计34例,占27.6%。经过及时治疗,视网膜病变消退,未出现失明病例。在筛查过程中未出现心动过缓、乳汁吸入、呼吸道阻塞和低血糖。没有发生交叉感染。结论在ROP筛查过程中,严格执行筛查指征和病例登记制度,可以减少漏查;规范筛查方法,可以避免筛查过程中发生合并症;加强新生儿科、眼科及家长之间的合作与沟通,减少失访率。     

早产儿视网膜病的危险因素分析及随访调查

研究早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发生率、高危因素、治疗与随访情况。方法对2005年7月-2007年12月温州医学院附属第一医院NICU收治的符合ROP筛查标准的早产儿,于生后2周开始由资深眼科医师开始行间接眼底镜检查眼底,并进行随访。结果434例早产儿中ROP的发生率为5.5%(24/434例),24例ROP中Ⅰ期19例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例。Ⅲ期阈值病变者行激光光凝治疗,全部患儿均恢复正常。对434例早产儿行单因素分析得出,胎龄、出生体重、住院时间、吸氧、吸氧浓度、吸氧时间、呼吸暂停、新生儿肺透明膜病(RDS)、肺表面活性剂(PS)的应用、机械通气、输血、光疗时间、感染与ROP的发生有相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、出生体重、胎数、吸氧时间、光疗时间、代谢性酸中毒、母亲妊高症、颅内出血是影响ROP发生的主要因素。结论早产是ROP的根本原因,防治各种并发症、合理的氧疗是预防ROP的关键。建立完善有效的ROP筛查制度,早期发现、早期治疗ROP,可改善ROP的预后。     

抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗早产儿视网膜病的临床研究进展北大核心CSCD

随着早产儿存活率的提高,早产儿视网膜病（retinopathy of prematurity,ROP）病例明显增多,已成为发达国家首位儿童致盲性疾病,也是发展中国家重要的儿童致盲性疾病。我国每年有250000例极低出生体重儿出生,约有近30000例早产儿发生ROP,提高ROP的防治水平非常迫切。目前ROP的主要治疗方法是激光和手术治疗,但经过这些治疗后视网膜血管不再继续发育,导致远期视力受损。因此,药物治疗成为ROP研究的发展方向,     

早产儿视网膜病的发病机制

随着较小早产儿成活率的逐步提高,早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of premature,ROP)的发生率亦逐渐增多,ROP已成为儿童致盲的重要原因,约占儿童致盲原因的6%~18%[1]。深入研究ROP的发病机制及防治措施非常迫切,虽然ROP的发病机制还没有完全清楚,但近年来国内外对ROP的发病机制进行了较多研究,取得了一些重要进展,使我们对ROP的发生发展有了一定的认识。一、ROP发病的基本因素1.早产大量研究显示,ROP发病的根本原因是早产儿视网膜发育未成熟,与早产儿视网膜结构直接相关。正常足月儿视网膜血管发育非常完善,完全血管化。而早产儿视网…     

2013年美国儿科学会早产儿视网膜病变诊治指南介绍

早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)是儿童致盲的重要原因,近20年来,通过激光凝固术对外周视网膜进行消融治疗大大降低了该病所致不良视力的发生率.由于ROP病情连续性发展,迫切需要在ROP导致早产儿视力永久性损伤之前及时检查并监测病情变化.2013年美国儿科学会眼科分会、美国眼科学会、美国小儿眼科和斜视协会、美国视觉矫正医师协会共同在美国儿科杂志(Pediatrics)上发布《早产儿视网膜病变筛查》新修订指南.本指南详细介绍了ROP诊治方案,包括首检时间、复查间隔和治疗方法选择,并概述了ROP检测方案的基本原理.     

An Update on Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease affecting the retina of premature infants. The clinical spectrum of ROP varies from spontaneous regression to bilateral retinal detachment and total blindness. Between these two extremes lies the form of ROP, which is amenable to treatment with laser photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs or surgery. Increasing rates of preterm births coupled with better survival rates but lack of uniform quality of neonatal care and delays in diagnosis have led to increasing ROP blindness. Atypical forms of Aggressive Posterior ROP are seen in heavier birth weight babies in developing countries. Prevention of ROP by following stringent protocols for supplemental oxygen, prevention of sepsis, timely screening and laser treatment by a concerted and collaborative effort of neonatologists and ophthalmologists are required to fight the blindness from ROP.     

Retinopathy of prematurity: Past,present and future

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of preterm babies, ROP has become the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness throughout the world. A simple screening test done within a few weeks after birth by an ophthalmologist can avoid this preventable blindness. Although screening guidelines and protocols are strictly followed in the developed nations, it lacks in developing economies like India and China, which have the highest number of preterm deliveries in the world. The burden of this blindness in these countries is set to increase tremendously in the future, if corrective steps are not taken immediately. ROP first emerged in 1940s and 1950s, when it was called retrolental fibroplasia. Several epidemics of this disease were and are still occurring in different regions of the world and since then a lot of research has been done on this disease. However, till date very few comprehensive review articles covering all the aspects of ROP are published. This review highlights the past, present and future strategies in managing this disease. It would help the pediatricians to update their current knowledge on ROP.     

Retinopathy of prematurity: recent advances in our understanding

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been recognised as an important cause of childhood visual impairment and blindness since the 1940s when improved facilities and treatment increased the survival rate of premature infants. Although its incidence and severity have been decreasing in developed countries over the past two decades, both are increasing in developing nations. ROP is consequently targeted as an important but avoidable disease. This review provides an updated summary and discussion of much of the work that has been produced through population, animal, cell culture, and genetic research. The authors examine the prevalence, risk factors, and possible causes of the disease with a particular focus on genetic studies. They conclude that while significant reductions in the disease have occurred in developed countries, further research is required to fully understand and prevent the disease. In the meantime, development and implementation of appropriate screening and treatment strategies will be critical in reducing blindness in developing countries.     

Educational paper

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease affecting the premature infant with an incompletely vascularized retina. The spectrum of ophthalmological findings in ROP exists from minimal sequelae, which do not affect vision, to bilateral retinal detachment and total blindness. With the increased survival of very small infants, retinopathy of prematurity has become one of the leading causes of childhood blindness. Over the past two decades, major advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ROP, to a large extent as a result of changes in clinical risk factors (oxygen and non-oxygen related) and characteristics observed in ROP cases. This article provides a literature review on the evolution in clinical characteristics, classification and treatment modalities and indications of ROP. Special attention is hereby paid to the neonatal factors influencing the development of ROP and to the necessity for everyone caring for premature babies to have a well-defined screening and treatment protocol for ROP. Such screening protocol needs to be based on a unit-specific ROP risk profile and, consequently, may vary between different European regions. Conclusion: Retinopathy of prematurity is an important cause of ocular morbidity and blindness in children. With better understanding of the pathogenesis, screening and treatment guidelines have changed over time and are unit specific.     

UK population based study of severe retinopathy of prematurity: screening, treatment, and outcome

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the few causes of childhood blindness in which severe vision impairment is largely preventable. Ophthalmic screening for ROP is required to identify disease that requires treatment whereby the development of potentially blinding disease can be minimised. OBJECTIVES: To make the first UK population based estimate of the incidence of babies with severe ROP (stage 3 or more); to document their clinical characteristics and management and to evaluate the appropriateness of current ROP screening guidelines in the UK. PATIENTS: Cases were recruited through a national surveillance programme with 1 year ophthalmic follow up and data from clinician completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Between 1 December 1997 and 31 March 1999, 233 preterm babies with stage 3 ROP were identified. Severity (location, extent, and presence of plus disease) was associated with degree of prematurity, most severe in the most premature babies. Fifty nine percent were treated. The UK screening protocol was followed in two thirds of cases, but in the remainder it was begun too late or was too infrequent. Three quarters of the cases were followed up at 1 year, and 13% had a severe vision deficit as a result of ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Visual deficit as a result of ROP in premature babies continues to be a severe disability in some of the survivors of neonatal intensive care. Further efforts are needed to organise treatment regionally to improve outcome and standards of practice.     

Incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Vietnam,a developing middle-income country

BACKGROUND: Although retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness, its impact in lower income countries is not well documented. The World Health Organization has proclaimed that infants at risk for ROP should have screening eye examinations and access to treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from January 1 through December 31, 2001, at Tu Du Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City for premature infants who weighed 1,500 g or less at birth or were 33 gestational weeks or younger. Serial examinations were used to classify ROP, and treatment outcomes were noted. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-five consecutive infants were included in the data analysis. Birth weights ranged from 900 to 2,000 g (mean, 1,512 g). Gestational ages ranged from 26 to 36 weeks (mean, 31 weeks). ROP was present in 103 (45.8%) of the 225 infants. In infants who weighed 1,250 g or less at birth, the ROP rate was 81.2% (26 of 32 infants). Threshold ROP was present in 9.3% of the 225 infants but in 25% of the 32 infants. Twenty-four eyes received treatment, whereas 16 lacked the family resources. Of the 24 treated eyes, 18 (75%) had a favorable outcome. Of the 16 untreated eyes, only 3 had a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: ROP incidence is high in Vietnam, similar to that in the United States. However, larger, older infants are at risk in Vietnam and the rate of severe ROP seems to be higher. This necessitates an ROP screening paradigm different from that currently used in the United States.     

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??Abstract??Objective??To evaluate the clinical features of retinopathy of prematurity ??ROP?? and the long-term therapeutic effect. Methods??The clinical data ?? ROP stage ?? the therapy and long-term prognosis of 107 preterm infants with ROP were retrospectively analyzed??who were admitted to Children’s Hospital of Fudan University between January 1?? 2004 to July 31?? 2009. Results??Among 64 preterm infants with Stage 1 or 2 ROP?? 6 infants with Stage 2 ROP developed to type I threshold ROP and received the laser therapy. All the follow-up infants except the death did not need special treatment without the vision affected later and the lesions of ROP were self-limiting. Fifteen infants were detected with Stage 3 ROP?? of whom 14 infants had threshold ROP and received the laser therapy. Another one infant who did not develop to the threshold ROP had no treatment. Eleven follow-up infants had no blindness ?? but three infants’ vision was affected severely after the treatment and 8 infants had the normal vision. There were 28 Stage 4 or 5 ROP infants??but 18 infants were followed up completely. In follow-up infants ?? there was only one infant with the normal post-operative vision??5.6%???? 12 ones had blindness after treatment ??66.7%???? and the remaining five ones had poor eyesight and were light-sensitive ??27.7%??. Conclusion??It’s a key step to screening and intervention in time at the early stage of ROP. Otherwise the outcome is very poor when developed to the late stage with retinal detachment.     

Retinopathy of prematurity: New developments bring concern and hope

Blindness from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Australian and New Zealand is an uncommon event although 3% of <31 weeks gestation infants receive treatment for the disease. New world‐wide estimates of the incidence of blindness from ROP are much higher than previously at 20 000 children annually. The impact of severe ROP can be reduced through good evidence‐based care of very preterm infants and careful organisation of eye examinations and follow‐up services. Recent oxygen saturation targeting trial results might mean the adoption of higher targets than formerly in very preterm infants and will require vigilance to ensure all eligible infants are examined appropriately. A true screening examination for acute ROP might involve non‐opthalmologists obtaining photographic retinal images and remote reading of these. Although treatment with laser gives good outcomes, there is interest in intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial factor agents, but issues concerning the systemic safety and retinal results of such treatment are unresolved.     

Retinopathy of prematurity: the disease process, classifications, screening, treatment, and outcomes

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the cessation of normal eye development and subsequent abnormal vessel growth that occurs exclusively in premature infants. ROP was first discovered in the 1940s and was for two decades the leading cause of blindness in children. Currently, the disease causes about 500 new cases of blindness per year. The severity of the disease increases with decreasing gestational age. The pathogenesis of ROP involves disruption of normal retinal vascularization. Vessel endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and oxygen play important roles in its development. ROP is classified using an international classification system that provides direction for screening and treatment of premature infants. Examinations are performed by ophthalmologists, who identify the scope of vascularization, the degree of abnormal vessel growth, and the amount of the eye that is affected. Treatment modalities include cryosurgery and laser photocoagulation. Long-term outcomes include both structural and functional vision problems.