Mast Quadrant微创通道与开放式经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术的临床比较

目的 比较Mast Quadrant微创通道与开放式经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症伴节段性不稳的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析行TLIF手术治疗的65例腰椎椎间盘突出伴节段不稳的临床资料,根据手术方式分为行传统TLIF的开放组（44例）及使用Mast Quadrant通道行TLIF手术的微创组（21例）.比较微创组与开放组出血量、手术时间、住院时间以及手术前后的视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分.结果 微创组围手术期出血量、手术时间以及住院天数均较开放手术组少（短）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2组末次随访时疼痛VAS和JOA评分均较术前有改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2组之间疼痛VAS评分比较,差异亦有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论与传统开放手术相比较,应用Mast Quadrant通道不但同样能够完成椎管减压、椎间植骨融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定等操作,还具有切口小、出血少、住院时间短、术后恢复快、发生下腰痛概率低等优点,是手术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症伴节段不稳更好的选择.     

Biomechanical comparison of anterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro biomechanical comparison of 2 fusion techniques, anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), on cadaveric human spines. OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate construct stability, in terms of range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone, of ALIF, including 2 separate approaches, and TLIF procedures with posterior titanium rod fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Both ALIF and TLIF have been used to treat chronic low back pain and instability. In many cases, the choice between these 2 techniques is based only on personal preference. No biomechanical performance comparison between these 2 fusion techniques is available to assist surgical decision. METHODS: Twelve cadaveric lumbar motion segments were loaded sinusoidally at 0.05 Hz and 5 Nm in unconstrained axial rotation, lateral bending and flexion extension. Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 in each group. One group was assigned for TLIF whereas the other group for ALIF. In the ALIF group, there were 3 steps. First, the lateral ALIF procedure with the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) intact was performed. Afterwards, the ALL was cut without removing the ALIF cage. Finally, another appropriately sized ALIF cage was inserted anteriorly. Biomechanical tests were conducted after each step. RESULTS: In the ALIF group, the lateral ALIF and subsequent anterior ALIF reduced segmental motion significantly (P=0.03) under all loading conditions. Removing the ALL increased ROM by 59% and 142% in axial rotation and flexion extension, respectively (P=0.03). The anterior ALIF approach was able to achieve similar biomechanical stability of the lateral approach in lateral bending and flexion extension (P>0.05) under all loading conditions. The TLIF procedure significantly reduced the range of motion compared with the intact state (P=0.03). However, no statistical difference was detected between the TLIF group and the ALIF group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both ALIF and TLIF procedures combined with posterior instrumentation significantly improved construct stability of intact spinal motion segments. However, there was no statistical difference between these 2 fusion techniques. The 2 ALIF approaches (lateral and anterior) also had similar construct stability even though anterior longitudinal ligament severing significantly reduced stability.     

微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术与传统后路腰椎椎体间融合术并发症的比较分析

目的对比分析微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbarinter bodyfusion,MIS．TLIF）与后路腰椎椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）的并发症,并探讨并发症发生原因和相关对策。方法回顾性分析本院2008年1月-2011年7月收治的215例下腰椎退变性疾病患者,其中110例行传统切开减压及PLIF,105例行MIS—TLIF,记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、各种并发症发生率,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果随访12～30个月,平均16个月。MIS—TLIF组所有患者7人次（6．67％）出现并发症：硬膜囊破裂3例（2．86％）;神经损伤1例（0．95％）;切口浅部感染1例（0．95％）;椎间融合器下沉2例（1．90％）。PLIF组所有患者20人次（18．18％）出现并发症：硬膜囊破裂6例（5．45％）;神经损伤8例（7．27％）;切口感染3例（2．73％）;椎间融合器下沉2例（1．90％）;椎弓根螺钉松动l例（0．91％）。2组间神经损伤和总并发症发生率,MIS—TLIF组低于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论MIS—TLIF治疗下腰椎退变性疾病安全、可靠,并发症发生率与传统PLIF手术相比减少。     

经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术在腰椎手术中的应用

目的探讨经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)在腰椎手术中的作用。方法对2006年12月-2008年12月间,我们应用TLIF技术进行治疗的16例腰椎滑脱、7例腰椎间盘突出症术后复发、6例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症、5例退变性腰椎管狭窄伴腰椎不稳和1例巨大型腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果本组手术时间100～150min,平均130min,出血量200～750ml,平均370ml。无术中、术后并发症。术后平均随访12.7个月,末次随访临床结果优29例,良5例,可1例。结论 TLIF手术适用于不同类型的腰椎疾患,尤其适用于翻修手术,疗效可靠,值得推广应用。     

Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

For over 70 years, interbody lumbar fusions have evolved from modifications to discectomy procedures to more advanced techniques such as the posterolateral interbody fusion (PLIF) and ultimately the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). The advent of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques provided advantages of decreased soft tissue dissection, lower blood loss, and decreased post-operative pain.⁹ Recently, further developments have lead to the introduction of endoscopic techniques with an awake anesthesia protocol that has shown improved results over the standard MIS TLIF.12., 13., 14.^,20,31 While the standard MIS TLIF has now become commonplace, endoscopic MIS TLIF will also see widespread adoption over time.     

经椎间孔入路与经后方入路椎间融合术治疗退变性腰椎失稳症的疗效比较

目的回顾性研究经后方入路椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）和切除上、下关节突的经椎间孔入路椎体间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗腰椎失稳症的疗效及并发症情况。方法采用PLIF和TLIF治疗2004年1月至2008年1月本院收治的退变性腰椎失稳症患者78例,其中PLIF31例,TLIF47例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、平均卧床时间、Nakai评分优良率、融合时间（按Suk标准）及术后并发症发生率。对两组术前及末次随访时的椎间隙高度及椎间孔高度进行对比研究。结果 78例患者均获随访,随访时间1.5～4.5年,平均3.5年。所有患者均获椎间骨性融合。对两组卧床时间、Nakai评分优良率、融合时间、同时间点椎间隙高度和椎间孔高度进行比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而在手术时间、出血量以及术后并发症发生率方面,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组末次随访时的椎间隙高度和椎间孔高度均较术前有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论 TLIF和PLIF治疗退变性腰椎失稳症效果良好;与PLIF相比,TLIF操作简单,出血量小,并发症少。     

Single-level instrumented mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in elderly patients

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to analyze the surgical outcomes in cases involving elderly patients who underwent single-level instrumented mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of 27 consecutive cases involving elderly patients (> or = 65 years of age) who underwent single-level instrumented mini-open TLIF and were followed up for at least 3 years. Degenerative spondylolisthesis was diagnosed in 16 patients, stenosis with instability in 8, and lytic spondylolisthesis in 3. All cases were Grade I or II based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists' classification system. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale, the Oswestry Disability Index, and patients' subjective satisfaction. Sagittal balance, bone union, and adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) were assessed using plain radiography and 3D CT. RESULTS: The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 69.3 years (range 65-80 years). Minor complications occurred in 2 patients (7.4%) in the perioperative period. At a mean follow-up duration of 38.6 months (range 36-42 months), clinical success was achieved in 88.9% of cases. The mean segmental lordosis and sacral tilt significantly increased after surgery (from 11.9 and 33.5 degrees to 13.9 and 37.2 degrees , p = 0.024 and p = 0.001, respectively). Solid fusion was achieved in 77.8% of the patients. Adjacent segment deterioration was found in 44.4% of the patients. No patients underwent revision surgery due to nonunion or ASD. The development of ASD was significantly related to postoperative sacral tilt (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Single-level instrumented mini-open TLIF yielded good clinical and radiological outcomes with a low complication rate in elderly patients.     

两种椎间植骨融合术治疗单节段腰椎退行性病变的疗效观察

[目的]对比后路椎体间植骨融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)与经椎间孔椎间植骨融合术(transforminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)治疗单节段腰椎退行性病变的手术疗效。[方法]收集2009年3月²011年10月期间于本科行单节段手术治疗的腰椎退行性病变患者资料,其中接受PLIF患者77例,接受TLIF患者59例。比较两种术式手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院天数、并发症及植骨融合率。采用视觉疼痛模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、JOA评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)和改良MacNab标准对手术疗效进行评定。末次随访时通过测量手术邻近节段腰椎间水平位移和角位移评估腰椎稳定性变化。[结果]术后随访时间242011年10月期间于本科行单节段手术治疗的腰椎退行性病变患者资料,其中接受PLIF患者77例,接受TLIF患者59例。比较两种术式手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院天数、并发症及植骨融合率。采用视觉疼痛模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、JOA评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)和改良MacNab标准对手术疗效进行评定。末次随访时通过测量手术邻近节段腰椎间水平位移和角位移评估腰椎稳定性变化。[结果]术后随访时间24⁵5个月,平均37.2个月。PLIF组术中出血量、术后引流量、并发症发生率均高于TILF组(P<0.05),手术时间、住院天数及植骨融合率两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时两组患者术后腰腿痛VAS评分、JOA评分、ODI指数较术前均明显改善(P<0.01),组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时按改良Macnab标准评定手术疗效优良率,两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后两组患者手术邻近节段均未出现腰椎失稳现象。[结论]PLIF与TILF手术均是治疗单节段腰椎退行性病变的有效方法,短期内对邻近节段稳定性干扰较小。但TLIF创伤小、出血少,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广使用。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术翻修治疗腰椎退变性疾病

目的回顾性分析微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MiTLIF）翻修治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床结果和并发症。方法 2006年3月～2010年11月,对103例已行单纯椎间盘髓核摘除和神经减压复发者,采用MiTLIF翻修治疗并获得随访。男45例,女58例,平均53.4岁。采用MiTLIF和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定,其中单节段97例,双节段6例。收集分析手术时间、术中术后出血量、放射线暴露时间和并发症。采用视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）评估临床结果,末次随访时行腰椎动力位X线片和薄层CT扫描重建检查评价椎间融合情况。结果所有患者随访12～49个月,平均26.1个月。术中出血量为（358±67）mL,术后出血量为（52±20）mL,放射线暴露时间为（42±13）s。术前及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为6.3±2.5和0.7±0.3,术前及末次随访腿痛VAS评分分别为7.5±2.4和0.6±0.2,末次随访腰腿痛VAS评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（t=2.43及t=2.57,P〈0.05）。术前及末次随访ODI分别为41.5±5.3和13.1±2.8,差异有统计学意义（t=4.39,P〈0.01）。末次随访椎间融合率为95.2%（98/103）。发生神经根损伤4例,切口表浅感染4例,一过性下肢麻木12例,硬膜撕裂5例。结论针对初次单纯椎间盘髓核摘除和神经减压复发者,MiTLIF是一种安全有效的技术。     

Unilateral transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

A prospective analysis of consecutive patients who had lumbar fusion using the unilateral transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation is presented to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure and describe the technique and indication in the treatment of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Forty patients treated with transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine (with anterior column deficiency) were followed up for a minimum of 3 years (mean, 3.4 years; range, 3-3.9 years). Radiographic assessment included plain and flexion and extension radiographs. Clinical outcome was based on pain relief, ability to do activities of daily living, and return to work. Thirty-six patients (90%) had solid fusions and at latest followup, segmental lordosis has increased in all patients. Eighty-five percent of patients had excellent or good clinical outcome(s). The unilateral transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion provides bilateral anterior column support through a unilateral approach. The patients had high fusion rates and patient satisfaction as reported with similar complications found in other methods commonly used for spinal decompression and stabilization.     

工作区域内移的改良经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术

 目的 总结 Mast Quadrant辅助下工作区域内移改良经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)的手术操作技巧及其短期随访结果。方法 2006年 9月至 2008年 10月, Mast Quadrant拉钩辅助下改良 TLIF治疗 54例腰椎单节段退变性疾病患者。术中经”C冶型臂 X线机透视定位病变节段, ±次置入 Mast Quadrant拉钩并适度纵向扩张, 充分显露关节突关节和椎板, 直视下咬除患侧上位椎体的下关节突及椎板下 1/2~2/3、黄韧带及下位椎体上关节突增生内聚部分, 减压神经根管及中央管, 处理椎间隙行椎体间植骨融合, 进一步行椎弓根螺钉固定。统计该组患者的手术操作时间、术中失血量、术后引流量、术后住: 时间、手术相关并发症;术后 3、6、12、24个月随访, 记录患者疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale, VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI), 以及末次随访影像学融合率。结果 54例患者均顺利完成手术, 51例患者获得随访。平均手术时间(178.7±63.2) min, 平均术中失血量为(224.2±136.5) ml, 术后引流量平均(117.2±91.4) ml, 平均术后住: 时间(5.8±3.6) d。患者术后各随访时间点 ODI、VAS与术前相比差异均有统计学意义。末次随访时 51例患者均达到影像学融合标准, 未发现断钉、断棒等内固定相关并发症。结论 Mast Quadrant辅助下改良 TLIF为直视下操作, 较为安全, 易于掌握;对单节段腰椎退变性疾病患者具有良好的临床治疗效果。     

内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症

目的:探讨后路内镜下(X-Tube)经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症的可行性及疗效。方法:2006年1月至2009年1月在X-Tube下经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗150例退变性腰椎滑脱症患者,其中男88例,女62例。MeyerdingⅠ度滑脱84例,Ⅱ度滑脱66例。术前、术后1周、术后3个月采用视觉疼痛模拟评分法(VAS)对疼痛进行评估,用改良Prolo评分进行疗效评估。结果:术中发生硬膜囊撕裂3例,局部喷洒生物蛋白胶,术后未发生脑脊液漏;术后出现椎间隙感染和足背伸肌力下降各1例,经对症治疗均恢复正常。术中失血100～450ml,平均210ml;手术时间120～280min,平均160min;150例均获得随访,时间6～36个月,平均15.2个月。VAS评分术前为(7.9±2.1)分;术后1周、术后3个月时分别为(2.2±0.6)分和(3.2±1.1)分,与术前比较均有统计学差异(P0.01)。根据改良Prolo评分:优133例,良15例,中2例,优良率达98.67%。结论:内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术适用于腰椎不稳、局限性节段椎间盘病变及MeyerdingⅡ度以下腰椎滑脱伴神经根管狭窄的患者,具有手术切口小、出血少、恢复快等优点。     

Zoledronic acid infusion for lumbar interbody fusion in osteoporosis

Background

Clinical outcomes of intravenous (IV) infusion of zoledronic acid (ZOL) for lumbar interbody fusion surgery (LIFS) remain unknown. We investigated the efficacy of IV ZOL on clinical outcome and bone fusion after LIFS.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 64 patients with both degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and osteoporosis who underwent LIFS from January 2007 to April 2010. All patients were followed up for 2 y. Thirty-two were treated with an IV infusion of ZOL 3 d after surgery and a second injection 1 y later, and the other 32 patients did not receive ZOL. Preoperatively and every 3 mo postoperatively, oswestry disability index questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg were compared. Preoperative and final postoperative follow-up to evaluate for subsequent compression fractures were also performed. Pedicle screw loosening, cage subsidence, and fusion rate were documented 2 y after surgery.

Results

At 2-y follow-up, a solid fusion was achieved in 75% of the ZOL group and only 56% of the control group. At final follow up, the incidence of final subsequent vertebral compression fractures (19% of the ZOL group and 51% of the control group, P = 0.006), pedicle screw loosening (18% of the ZOL group and 45% of the control group, P = 0.03), and cage subsidence >2 mm (28% of the ZOL group and only 54% of the control group, P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the ZOL group than in the control group. The ZOL group demonstrated improvement in VAS (for leg pain VAS, 2/10 for the ZOL group and 5/10 for the control group; for back pain VAS, 2/10 for the ZOL group and 6/10 for the control group) and oswestry disability index scores (7/25 for the ZOL group and 16/25 for the control group).

Conclusions

ZOL treatment has beneficial effects on instrumented LIFS both radiographic and clinically. Thus, ZOL treatment can be recommended for osteoporosis patients undergoing LIFS.     

Contralateral radiculopathy after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is an effective treatment for patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and degenerative disc disease. Opposite side radiculopathy after the TLIF procedure has been recognized in this institution but has not been addressed in the literature. We present a case of opposite side radiculopathy after the TLIF procedure. We believe that this complication is related to asymptomatic stenosis on the contralateral side that is unmasked by the increased lordosis of the TLIF. The authors recommend increasing both disc height and foraminal height when choosing an interbody graft, and possibly decompressing the opposite foramen when preoperative MRI demonstrates foraminal stenosis.

     

经椎间孔入路腰椎椎体间融合术的研究进展

经椎间孔入路腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)是目前为止最为经典的腰椎融合术之一.随着科技和医疗水平的进步,传统的开放TLIF已逐步改良为更加适宜的衍生术式.同时,各种辅助技术的应用使各类TLIF变得更加复杂多样.为理清TLIF发展脉络,了解其前沿进展,该文对近年来TLIF的衍生术式和辅助技术等研究进展进行综述,并对其未来发...     

斜外侧入路与微创经椎间孔入路椎间融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的早期疗效及影像学对比

目的:比较斜外侧入路腰椎椎间融合术(oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF)和Quadrant可扩张通道下微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF)治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的短期临床疗效及影像学差异。方法:对2019年4月至2020年10月行OLIF与MIS-TLIF两种微创手术方式治疗的58例腰椎滑脱患者进行回顾性分析。其中采用OLIF治疗28例(OLIF组),男15例,女13例;年龄47～84(63.00±9.38)岁;采用MIS-TLIF治疗30例(MIS-TLIF组),男17例,女13例;年龄43～78岁(61.13±11.10)岁。记录两组患者的一般情况,包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、并发症、卧床时间、住院时间;比较两组患者的影像学资料,包括椎间盘高度、椎间孔高度、腰椎前凸角;并通过疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disabilit...     

Incidence and risk factors of lumbar plexus injury in patients undergoing oblique lumbar interbody fusion surgery

European Spine Journal - To investigate the incidence and risk factors of lumbar plexus injury (LPI) after oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery. A total of 110 patients who underwent OLIF...     

椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎间盘疾病

 目的 探讨椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下腰椎后路椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF)和经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)治疗退变性椎间盘疾病的临床疗效。方法 2007年 11月至 2008年 4月, 采用椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下 TLIF和 PLIF治疗退变性椎间盘疾病 32例: PLIF 13例, TLIF 19例。单节段腰椎间盘突出症伴相应节段腰椎不稳定 21例, 腰椎滑脱症 11例(玉度 6例, 域度 5例)。病变节段: L3-4 2例, L4-5 18例, L5S1 12例。年龄 38~72岁, 平均 51.2岁;男 19例, 女 13例。术后进行定期随访和影像学检查, 并进行 Oswestry功能障碍指数评定以评价术后康复情况。结果手术时间 90~180 min, 平均 120 min;手术出血量 100~400 ml, 平均 190 ml。切口均为甲级愈合, 未见切口及椎管、椎间隙感染、内固定失败等并发症发生。所以患者均获随访, 随访时间 13~41个月, 平均 21个月。 Oswestry功能障碍指数由术前 40.1%±4.1%下降到术后 3个月的 9.5%±3.7%。疗效评价: 优 19例, 良 10例, 可 3例;优良率为 90.6豫。骨融合均取得成功。结论椎间盘镜辅助 X-Tube下 TLIF和 PLIF治疗退变性椎间盘疾病具有切口小, 创伤小, 术后恢复快等优点。