人参皂苷抗金葡菌肺感染的作用

目的:观察研究人参皂苷对金萄菌感染的作用及其特点.方法:体外肺AII型上皮细胞及小鼠肺感染为模型,观察金葡菌感染后细胞侵染相关因子、炎性相关因子以及细菌数和死亡率,以及人参皂苷及人参皂苷Rg1的作用.结果:金葡菌感染后,人参皂苷能够明显降低胞内菌含量,降低粘附因子及其整合素的表达,抑制相关炎性因子,人参皂苷Rg1是其主要活性成分.结论:在抗金葡菌急性感染过程中,人参皂苷发挥了对感染细胞和组织的保护作用,而这些作用不完全依赖于机体免疫系统的功能.     

理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚对Caco-2细胞PepT1转运功能影响的比较

目的:观察比较理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚对Caco-2细胞肽转运载体PepT1转运二肽的能力及其蛋白、mRNA表达的影响。方法:Caco-2细胞融合后连续培养28d后分别给予理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚处理,并设立正常对照组及cAMP抑制剂对照组,用放射性同位素示踪技术比较Caco-2细胞转运二肽化合物Glycyl-Sarcosine的能力,采用westernblot方法测定Caco-2细胞膜上PepT1蛋白的表达,荧光定量PCR方法测定PepT1mRNA(SLC15A1)的表达水平。结果:理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1及6-姜酚均在不同程度上表现为促进Caco-2细胞转运Glycyl-Sarcosine的作用;Caco-2细胞经理中汤/人参皂苷Rg1/6-姜酚处理24h后,细胞膜PepT1蛋白表达水平均明显增高。6-姜酚能明显上调Caco-2细胞SLC15A1表达,人参皂苷对Caco-2细胞SLC15A1表达的作用表现为下调,理中汤对Caco-2细胞SLC15A1表达作用不明显。且理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚三者作用各有特点。结论:理中汤及其成分人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚具有促进正常培养Caco-2细胞转运二肽化合物Glycyl-Sarcosine的作用,该过程调控与胞内第二信使cAMP有一定的关系。     

人参皂苷Rg3增强PD-1抑制剂对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫治疗作用的体外研究

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3联合PD-1抑制剂对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的作用,通过体外实验观察人参皂苷Rg3在增强T细胞对抗淋巴瘤治疗中的作用及其机制。方法:收集DLBCL患者的外周血,提取单个核细胞,体外激活并扩增T细胞,建立T细胞与肿瘤细胞共培养体系,检测联合人参皂苷Rg3能否增强PD-1抑制剂对T细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞因子分泌的影响。结果:DLBCL细胞可抑制T细胞增殖,促进凋亡;联合人参皂苷Rg3能够增强PD-1抑制剂对恢复T细胞增殖,减少凋亡,并增加细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ分泌的作用。结论:人参皂苷Rg3增强PD-1抑制剂对DLBCL的抗肿瘤作用,其机制为增强T细胞增殖,抑制凋亡,增加细胞因子分泌。     

人参皂苷对DC2.4吞噬抗原和表达CD40分子的影响

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及其联合使用对树突状细胞系DC2.4吞噬抗原和表面分子表达的影响。方法:体外培养DC2.4细胞,分别加入不同剂量人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及Rg1+Rb1孵育24h后,分别加入异硫氰酸荧光素标记的卵白蛋白(FITC-OVA),流式细胞仪检测DC2.4细胞吞噬卵白蛋白抗原的情况;体外培养DC2.4细胞,分别加入LPS和不同剂量人参皂苷孵育24h,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面分子CD40的表达。结果:人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Rg1+Rb1在一定浓度可促进DC2.4细胞抗原吞噬的能力;三者均抑制CD40的表达。结论:人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1可通过影响DCs的抗原吞噬功能来发挥免疫调节作用;Rg1、Rb1联合使用与单独应用比较无明显差异。     

人参皂苷Rg3对人肺鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤生长及VEGF bFGF表达的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3对人肺鳞癌SK-MES-1细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长及血管生成相关因子VEGF、bF-GF表达的影响。方法:通过皮下种植SK-MES-1细胞建立人肺鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,成瘤后随机分为4组:对照组(生理盐水,0.5ml.d-1)、低剂量Rg3组(0.5mg·kg-1.d-1)、中剂量Rg3组(1mg·kg-1.d-1)和高剂量Rg3组(2mg·kg-1.d-1),每日灌胃1次,共28次。测量各组裸鼠移植瘤体积,光镜下观察移植瘤组织的形态;应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交法研究裸鼠移植瘤组织VEGF、bFGF的表达变化。结果:人参皂苷Rg3可显著抑制移植瘤的生长,各实验组抑瘤率分别达到41.47%、61.29%和80.14%,与对照组相比,肿瘤生长明显受抑,且具有剂量依赖性,各实验组移植瘤体积与对照组间比较P0.05,有统计学意义。Rg3能够抑制移植瘤VEGF、bFGFmRNA和蛋白表达,具有剂量依赖性,各实验组与对照组间比较均有统计学意义。结论:人参皂苷Rg3具有显著的抗肺鳞癌移植瘤作用,其机制可能与下调VEGF、bFGF表达有关。人参皂苷Rg3作为一种新的抗肺鳞癌药物,其作用机制有待于进一步研究。     

人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1对Aβ25-35诱导CHO细胞毒性影响

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1对β-淀粉样蛋白25-35片段(A β25-35)诱导中国仓鼠卵巢瘤(CHO)细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:利用MTT法和Annexin ⅴ-FITC染色流式细胞仪检测法,依次观察人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1对40μM的Aβ25-35多肽诱导CHO细胞24h后细胞活性和细胞凋亡的干预作用。结果:加入Aβ25-35多肽模型组细胞较未加用对照组细胞活性低(P<0.05),加入Aβ25-35多肽模型组细胞凋亡数高于未加用对照组(P<0.05),模型组细胞加用人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1组细胞损伤和凋亡数均较未加用组细胞有不同程度减少(P<0.05)。结论:天然药单体人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1在一定剂量范围内均能抑制Aβ25-35诱导的神经细胞损伤。     

人参皂苷Rg3联合紫杉醇协同诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3联合紫杉醇是否具有协同诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的作用。方法:将人胃癌BGC—823细胞裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,随机分为4组(每组10只):人参皂苷Rg3组(GS-Rg3:10mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃),紫杉醇组(紫杉醇10 mg/kg腹腔内注入,每周2次),联合组(人参皂苷Rg3+紫杉醇,用法同上),对照组(生理盐水组)。连续用药三周。用药结束后脱颈处死裸鼠,统计各组抑瘤率;流式细胞仪检测移植瘤细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR测定凋亡关键因子Caspase-3水平,电镜观察肿瘤细胞凋亡状态。结果:联合组(人参皂苷Rg3+紫杉醇)抑瘤率明显大于人参皂苷Rg3组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01);联合组肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显大于紫杉醇及人参皂苷Rg3组(P<0.01),联合组Caspase-3水平最高,与紫杉醇组、人参皂苷Rg3组比较有显著差异(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rg3联合紫杉醇能协同诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤的生长。     

人参皂苷Rg3诱导淋巴管内皮细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的：探讨人参皂苷Rg3（20（R）-Ginsenoside Rg3）对淋巴管内皮细胞的抑制效应及凋亡诱导作用。方法：取健康猪的胸导管内皮细胞进行分离、培养;VIII因子对淋巴管内皮细胞进行鉴定。用含不同浓度人参皂苷Rg3处理淋巴管内皮细胞,采用MTT法检测药物对细胞的抑制作用,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学改变;Hoechst 33258荧光染色检测淋巴管内皮细胞凋亡。结果：经VIII因子对培养的淋巴管细胞进行鉴定,为典型淋巴管内皮细胞。随着药物浓度的升高,作用时间的延长,人参皂苷Rg3对淋巴管内皮细胞的生长抑制率逐渐增高;在人参皂苷Rg3作用下,淋巴管内皮细胞呈凋亡改变,出现凋亡小体。结论：人参皂苷Rg3能诱导淋巴管内皮细胞凋亡,抑制淋巴管内皮细胞增殖。     

人参皂苷Rg1对原代培养心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的作用

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1对原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的作用及其是否能直接抑制线粒体通透性转换孔的开放。方法原代培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,构建缺氧复氧损伤(H/R)模型,应用不同浓度人参皂苷Rg1进行干预,通过检测细胞活力、线粒体膜电位、细胞色素C的释放,观察人参皂苷Rg1对心肌细胞H/R损伤的作用;将不同浓度的人参皂苷Rg1分别和线粒体25℃孵育10 min,加入200μmol/L CaCl_2诱发mPTP的开放,以1μmol/L的mPTP特异性抑制剂环孢素A(Cs A)为阳性对照,每间隔30 s观察520 nm处吸光度的变化,连续观察10 min,以线粒体肿胀程度评估mPTP的开放情况。结果人参皂苷Rg1能增强H/R损伤后心肌细胞活力,阻止H/R引起的线粒体膜电位的降低,减少细胞色素C释放;6.25,25,100,400μmol/L人参皂苷Rg1无直接抑制mPTP开放的作用。结论人参皂苷Rg1可减轻心肌细胞H/R损伤,保护心肌细胞,其作用与直接抑制mPTP开放无关。     

人参皂苷Rg3对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:研究人参皂苷Rg3对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7增殖及凋亡的作用机制。方法:将人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7作为研究对象,用CCK-8、流式细胞仪等方法检测人参皂苷Rg3对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7增殖及凋亡的影响。结果:人参皂苷Rg3对抑制人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的增殖作用在一定范围内具有时间和浓度呈正相关的特点,随着时间的延长及药物浓度的增加,增殖抑制的作用增强,且呈剂量依赖性关系,24 h、48 h、72 h的IC50值分别为210.26μg/mL、145.78μg/mL、91.78μg/mL。药物作用24 h后,G2期细胞百分比明显增加,G1、S期细胞百分比明显减少。随着人参皂苷Rg3浓度的增加,明显增强诱导细胞的凋亡(P 0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rg3可对MCF-7细胞产生抑制作用,使细胞阻滞于G1期,并诱导细胞凋亡。     

In vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of a traditional Chinese formulation on LPS-stimulated leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression

Aim of the study

A traditional Chinese formulation Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HLJDT on the LPS-stimulated leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression both in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and methods

HLJDT was extracted from rhizoma coptidis, radix scutellariae, cortex phellodendri and fructus gardeniae in a weight rario of 1:1:1:1. In vivo leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion was observed in rat lung after LPS stimulation (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without HLJDT (350 or 700 mg/kg, i.g.) pretreatment. The protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was analyzed by immunohistochemical method. In vitro leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion was performed by examining the adhesion of THP-1 cells to LPS-stimulated human vascular endothelial cells with or without HLJDT pretreatment. The VCAM-1 expression at the RNA and protein levels was investigated by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The activation of NF-κB was examined by the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by immunocytochemical method.

Results

In vivo, HLJDT dose-dependently reduced the number of leukocytes adhered to endothelium and VCAM-1 protein expression in lung venules of LPS-challenged rats. In vitro, HLJDT dose-dependently decreased the number of THP-1 cells adhered to LPS-stimulated endothelial cells and the expression of VCAM-1 both at the RNA and protein levels. The LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in endothelial cells was also dose-dependently inhibited by HLJDT.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated an additional mechanism underlying the anti-inflmmatory effect of HLJDT by inhibiting the leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression. The inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by HLJDT might suggest a profound anti-inflammatory consequences.     

芩百清肺浓缩丸对肺炎支原体感染的影响

目的探讨芩百清肺浓缩丸对肺炎支原体感染的影响。方法采用MTT、流式细胞术考察体外芩百含药血清对肺炎支原体感染的A549细胞增殖能力和凋亡的影响。运用RT-PCR、免疫组织化学检测体内小鼠肺组织MEK、c-jun mRNA及蛋白表达,HE染色观察肺组织病理改变。结果与模型组比较,芩百含药血清(10%、20%)组能促进肺炎支原体感染的A549细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡(P<0.05)。体内实验表明,芩百清肺浓缩丸能减轻MP感染小鼠肺组织损伤;促进肺组织MEK、c-jun mRNA及蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论芩百通过激活MEK和c-jun因子表达促进肺炎支原体感染肺上皮细胞的修复。     

小檗碱通过调节凋亡相关基因的表达抑制金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的ECV-304细胞凋亡

目的:研究小檗碱在金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)诱导ECV-304细胞内凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3表达的调节作用,探讨其抑制金黄色葡萄球菌诱导ECV-304细胞凋亡的机制。方法:小檗碱(Berberine,BBR)预处理ECV-304细胞2h后,用1∶100感染复数的S.aureus感染细胞,采用半定量RT-PCR及Western-blot法检测金黄色葡萄球菌感染后ECV-304细胞内Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果:小檗碱预处理ECV-304后再感染S.aureus可显著性增加凋亡相关细胞因子Bcl-2 mRNA水平及蛋白表达量,而Bax和Caspase-3表达下调。结论:小檗碱可以通过调节凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的表达抑制S.aureus诱导的ECV-304细胞凋亡,本实验结果为临床治疗S.aureus感染提供理论依据。     

Cucurbitacin B inhibits the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by altering the biomechanical properties of cells

Changes in cellular biomechanical properties affect cell migration and invasion. The natural compound Cucurbitacin B (CuB) has potent anticancer activity; however, the mechanism underlying its inhibitory effect on breast cancer metastasis needs further study. Here, we showed that low‐dose CuB inhibited adhesion and altered the viscoelasticity of breast cancer cells, thereby, reducing cell deformability. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that CuB effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Further studies have found that CuB downregulated the expression of F‐actin/vimentin/FAK/vinculin in breast cancer cells, altering the distribution and reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins in the cells. CuB inhibited signaling by the Rho family GTPases RAC1/CDC42/RhoA downstream of integrin. These findings indicate that CuB has been proven to mediate the reorganization and distribution of cytoskeletal proteins of breast cancer cells through RAC1/CDC42/RhoA signaling, which improves the mechanical properties of cell adhesion and deformation and consequently inhibits cell migration and invasion.     

连翘对金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

[目的]观察连翘对金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性。[方法]用新的中药抑菌实验方法进行连翘对84株金葡菌和140株表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性的测定。[结果]连翘对金葡菌和表皮葡萄球菌能抑制50%菌株的最低细菌浓度(MIC50)均为0.122g/L,而能抑制90%菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC90)分别为0.98和0.244g/L。[结论]连翘对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌均有较好的体外抗菌效果。     

In vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic activity of Salvia officinalis

Angiogenesis is a key process in the promotion of cancer and its metastasis. Herein, the antiangiogenic activity of Salvia officinalis extract and its fractions was investigated. S. officinalis aerial parts were extracted with ethanol and its successive hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiangiogenic activities using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) capillary tube formation and rat aorta models in a three-dimensional collagen matrix. Furthermore, antimigrative effects of the fractions were assessed using a wound healing model. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis (ESO) potently inhibited capillary tube formation in HUVEC and rat aorta models of angiogenesis, and its hexane fraction (HSO) exerted the highest inhibitory effect. In addition, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis and its hexane fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibitory activity on the migration of the endothelial cells in the wound healing model. Furthermore, ESO inhibited endothelial cell proliferation at 50-200 μg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicated some new pharmacological activities of S. officinalis such as antiangiogenic in vitro and ex vivo, and antimigrative activity in vitro. Therefore, S. officinalis could be a candidate as a useful herb with therapeutic or preventive activity against angiogenesis related disorders.     

Antitumor effects of Pinus massoniana bark extract in murine sarcoma S180 both in vitro and in vivo

Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) is a mixture of flavonoids, and showed a capability of inducing cell apoptosis; however, its properties have not yet been fully investigated. This paper evaluates the antitumor effects of PMBE in murine sarcoma S180 both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the growth inhibition of S180 cells was concentration dependent on PMBE as shown by the CCK-8 assay. The AO/EB staining and flow cytometry assay showed that PMBE induced S180 cell apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the cells in the S phase were decreased by treatment with PMBE. In vivo, the treatment of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg PMBE reduced the tumor weight and volume of S180-bearing NIH mice by 9%-67% and 13%-68%, respectively. Peripheral leukocyte count and lymphoproliferation were increased significantly after treatment with PMBE. Our results suggest that PMBE inhibits the tumor cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis and improving lymphoproliferation.     

Matrine attenuates allergic airway inflammation and eosinophil infiltration by suppressing eotaxin and Th2 cytokine production in asthmatic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Matrine has been isolated from Sophora flavescens, and found to show anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and anti-cachectic effects in hepatomas. The present study investigated whether matrine suppressed eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mice, and decreased the inflammatory response of tracheal epithelial cells.

Materials and methods

BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce allergic asthma in mice. These asthmatic mice were given various doses of matrine by intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, activated human tracheal epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were treated with matrine, and evaluated for levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Results

We found that matrine significantly decreased AHR, and suppressed goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and inflammatory response in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice. Matrine also reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and suppressed OVA–IgE production in serum. Furthermore, matrine treatment of activated BEAS-2B cells decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and eotaxins, as well as suppressed ICAM-1 expression and thus adhesion of eosinophils to inflammatory BEAS-2B cells in vitro.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that matrine can improve allergic asthma in mice, and therefore has potential therapeutic potential in humans.     

Labisia pumila var. alata reduces bacterial load by inducing uroepithelial cell apoptosis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) is a traditional medicinal herb used by Malaysian women to treat many ailments of the genitourinary tract. Its phytoestrogenic properties suggest potential to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in women post menopause. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the mechanisms of action of LPva in an in vitro model of UTI.

Materials and methods

Bladder epithelial cell lines T24 and 5637 and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain CFT073 were used to model uroepithelial infection. The ability of LPva to induce programmed cell death was tested using the Annexin-V-FLUOS and TUNEL assays. Expression of caveolin-1, β1 integrin and antimicrobial peptides HBD-2 and LL-37 in response to LPva treatment and/or infection, was assessed using RT real-time PCR. Effects on protein expression were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Sensitivity and yeast agglutination assays were employed to determine if LPva had antimicrobial activities and/or interacted with type 1 fimbriae, respectively. Finally, bacterial adherence and invasion to cells treated with LPva was examined.

Results

LPva induced uroepithelial apoptosis which was coupled with upregulated expression of caveolin-1 and downregulation of β1 integrin. LPva did not exhibit direct antimicrobial properties and did not influence antimicrobial peptide levels in cells. Additionally, LPva did not interact with type 1 fimbriae and did not affect adherence in comparison to non-treated control cells. However, LPva significantly reduced the number of intracellular UPEC in bladder epithelial cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that LPva has beneficial applications against UPEC infection due to its ability to induce programmed cell death and reduce bacterial invasion of the uroepithelium.