Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy as sandwich therapy for the treatment of high risk endometrial cancer

Objective

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of high risk endometrial cancer.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of previously untreated high risk endometrial cancer patients who received sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in accordance with the sandwich approach from June 2008 until June 2011. High risk endometrial cancer patients underwent complete surgical staging followed by adjuvant therapy encompassing sequential chemotherapy, radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy.

Results

The study analysis comprised 32 endometrial cancer patients. All subjects were treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy; currently, 186 cycles have been administered and 94% of patients have completed the planned number of cycles. Grade 3 neutropenia developed in 1 (3.1%) patient; there was no incidence of grade 4 neutropenia. Moreover, we observed grade 3 anemia in four (12.5%) patients and grade 4 anemia in one (3.1%) patient. One (3.1%) patient developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia; grade 4 thrombocytopenia was not observed. Five patients exhibited progressive disease, three of whom have since expired; mean progression free survival and follow-up were 17.4 months and 18.9 months, respectively.

Conclusion

The preliminary results from our study suggest that the sandwich approach to treating high risk endometrial cancer patients is feasible. Hematologic toxicity was well tolerated and non-hematologic toxicity was mild and easily managed. Further study of this novel regimen in a larger patient population with extended follow-up is necessary.     

晚期胰腺癌姑息术后放射治疗和同步化疗疗效分析

目的　评价放射治疗 +同步化疗治疗不能手术切除的胰腺癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法　 32例晚期不能手术切除的胰腺癌于姑息术后 ,给予放射治疗 +同步化疗 (S +R +C组 ) ,化疗方案采用 5 氟尿嘧啶 5 0 0mg /m2 +甲酰四氢叶酸钙2 0 0mg /m2 ,第 1～ 3天 ,第 2 2～ 2 4天。并与同期 31例姑息手术 +放射治疗 (S +R组 )和 34例姑息手术病人 (S组 )的治疗结果对照。结果　S +R +C组 7例 (2 1.9% )病灶缩小 ,16例 (5 0 % )病灶稳定 ;S +R组 5例 (16 .1% )病灶缩小 ,15例 (48.4 % )病灶稳定。S +R +C组病人有效率为 2 1.9% ,S +R组为 16 .1%。伴有疼痛的病人经治疗 ,疼痛缓解率分别为 5 2 .4 %和 4 2 .1%。S +R +C组和S +R组、S组比较 ,中位生存时间分别为 9.6月和 7.2月、5 .8月。S +R +C组与S组比较 ,有生存率优势 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　放射治疗 +同步化疗可提高不能手术根除的胰腺癌病人的局部控制率和生存率。     

人类组织激肽释放酶10在子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达及其与雌激素、孕激素受体表达的相关性

 目的　检测人类组织激肽释放酶10（KLK10）在不同子宫内膜组织中的表达,并探讨其与雌激素受体（ER）和孕激素受体（PR）之间的相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法测定KLK10在12例正常子宫内膜、19例子宫内膜增生症、34例子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达,并分析KLK10与ER、PR之间的相关性。结果　KLK10在正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜增生症组织、子宫内膜腺癌组织中阳性率分别为91.7 %（11／12）、78.9 %（15／19）、38.2 %（13／34）,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。KLK10在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期子宫内膜腺癌组织中表达阳性率分别为64.3 %（9／14）、30.0 %（3／10）、10.0 %（1／10）,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。KLK10在高、中、低分化的内膜腺癌组织中表达阳性率分别为66.7 %（8／12）、33.3 %（4／12）、10.0 %（1／10）,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。34例子宫内膜腺癌组织中,KLK10表达阳性率为38.2 %,ER、PR表达阳性率为67.6 %、55.9 %,KLK10与ER、PR表达均呈正相关（χ2＝0.448,P＜0.01）。结论　KLK10表达缺失或下调可能促进子宫内膜腺癌的发生和发展。KLK10在子宫内膜腺癌组织中表达降低,ER、PR的表达也降低,呈正相关。KLK10阳性者预后相对较好。     

术后放疗与术后化疗辅助治疗子宫内膜癌的Meta 分析

目的：全面评价术后放疗与术后化疗辅助治疗子宫内膜癌的有效性和安全性，为临床合理选择提供决策依据。方法计算机检索 EMBase、PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP），检索截止时间为2015年8月31日。全面收集术后放疗与术后化疗辅助治疗子宫内膜癌的随机对照试验（RCT），两名评价者独立评价纳入文献的方法学质量并交叉核对提取资料，采用 RevMan 5．1软件进行统计分析。结果最终纳入3篇 RCT（1121例子宫内膜癌患者），Meta 分析结果显示，与术后化疗辅助治疗相比，术后放疗并不能提高子宫内膜癌5年生存率（RR ＝0．94，95％CI 为0．80～1．10，Z ＝0．77，P ＝0．440）、5年无疾病进展生存率（RR ＝0．98，95％CI 为0．90～1．07，Z ＝0．52，P ＝0．610）和降低复发率（RR ＝1．06，95％CI 为0．91～1．24，Z ＝0．75，P ＝0．450），但可降低3～4级血小板减少症（RR ＝0．13，95％CI 为0．07～0．27， Z ＝5．62，P ＜0．00001）和3～4级中性粒细胞减少症（RR ＝0．01，95％CI 为0．00～0．03，Z ＝8．27，P ＜0．00001），差异有统计学意义。对于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期子宫内膜癌患者而言，与术后放疗相比，术后化疗辅助治疗可以提高晚期子宫内膜癌的5年生存率（RR ＝0．79，95％CI 为0．68～0．91，Z ＝3．15，P ＝0．002）和5年无疾病进展生存率（RR ＝0．82，95％CI 为0．69～0．97，Z ＝2．31，P ＝0．020），且差异有统计学意义。结论当前证据表明，与术后放疗相比，术后化疗可能会提高晚期患者的生存率，其远期疗效尚待大样本高质量的 RCT 进一步证实。     

Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in patients with pathologic stage III endometrial cancer

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in patients with pathologic Stage III endometrial cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1989 and 2003, 107 patients with pathologic International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage III endometrial adenocarcinoma confined to the pelvis were treated at our institution. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) was delivered to 68 patients (64%). The influence of multiple patient- and treatment-related factors on pelvic and distant control and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. RESULTS: Median follow-up for patients at risk was 41 months. Five-year actuarial OS was significantly improved in patients treated with adjuvant RT (68%) compared with those with resection alone (50%; p = 0.029). Age, histology, grade, uterine serosal invasion, adnexal involvement, number of extrauterine sites, and treatment with adjuvant RT predicted for improved survival in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that grade, uterine serosal invasion, and treatment with adjuvant RT were independent predictors of survival. Five-year actuarial pelvic control was improved significantly with the delivery of adjuvant RT (74% vs. 49%; p = 0.011). Depth of myometrial invasion and treatment with adjuvant RT were independent predictors of pelvic control in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple prognostic factors predicting for the outcome of pathologic Stage III endometrial cancer patients were identified in this analysis. In particular, delivery of adjuvant RT seems to be a significant independent predictor for improved survival and pelvic control, suggesting that pelvic RT should be routinely considered in the management of these patients.     

A population-based risk scoring system to individualize adjuvant treatment for stage IIIC endometrial cancer patients after surgery

BackgroundTo develop a risk scoring system to tailor the adjuvant treatment for stage IIIC EC patients after surgery.MethodsData source was from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, where 3251 post-operative stage IIIC EC patients with different adjuvant treatment were included. Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. The exp (β) of each independent risk factors generating from the cox analysis was used to construct the risk scoring system, which was further utilized to divide the patients into different risk subgroups and the efficacy of different adjuvant modalities in each risk subgroups would be compared accordingly.ResultsSix independent risk factors were identified to develop the scoring system, which further divided the patients into three risk subgroups based on the total risk score (Low-risk≤8.46, 8.47 ≤ Middle-risk≤9.94, High-risk≥9.95). This study revealed that CRT was not superior to RT alone (HR:1.208, 95%CI: 0.852–1.741; P = 0.289) or CT alone (HR:1.260, 95%CI: 0.750–2.116; P = 0.382) in Low-risk subgroup. We also observed that CRT had a survival advantage over other treatment modalities in the Middle-risk subgroup (All P < 0.001), but CRT and CT alone to be superimposable in the High-risk subgroup (HR: 1.395, 95%CI: 0.878–2.216; P = 0.159).ConclusionA risk scoring system has been developed to tailor the adjuvant treatment for stage IIIC EC patients after surgery, where RT or CT alone could be a substitute for CRT in Low-risk patients and CT alone was a potential alternative for High-risk patients while CRT remained to be the optimal choice for the Middle-risk patients.     

乳腺癌发生脑转移的相关因素分析

目的探讨转移性乳腺癌发生脑转移的危险因素.方法采用临床分析的方法对199例转移性乳腺癌病例归纳总结,并采用COX模型单变量和多变量分析法对临床特征进行统计分析.结果肺转移的存在(比值比=4.26,95%,CI:1.9%～9.3%,P=0.0003)和激素受体阴性状态:(比值比=4.15,95%,CI:1.6%～10%,P=0.002),CerbB-2阳性(比值比=4.22,95%,CI:1.5%～11%,P=0.0006)是脑转移发生的预测因素.结论在转移性乳腺癌患者中,肺转移是首发转移位置,激素受体阴性CerbB-2阳性是发生脑转移的危险因素,应在这些患者中进行预防性治疗.     

Risk factors associated with early recurrence of adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction after curative resection

Objective

To clarify the important clinicopathological factors affecting the early recurrence of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 147 AEG patients who underwent R0 resection during the period from December 1995 to December 2007. Risk factors asssociated with the early recurrence were analyzed by χ² test and logistic regression test.

Results

The mean time to tumor recurrence was 16.3 months after R0 resection, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 48.3%. Univariate analysis showed that the histological grade (poorly and moderately differentiated), number of positive lymph nodes, and vascular invasion were significantly related with the early recurrence (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that only histological grade and vascular invasion were independently related with early tumor recurrence (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Histological grade and vascular invasion are independent factors for predicting the early tumor recurrence after R0 resection for AEG.Key Words: Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG), tumor recurrence, risk factor     

Risk group criteria for tailoring adjuvant treatment in patients with endometrial cancer: a validation study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group criteria

Objective

The purpose of this study is to validate the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) criteria for adjuvant treatment in a different cohort of patients and to evaluate the simplified risk criteria predicting the prognosis and tailoring adjuvant treatment in patients with surgically staged endometrial cancer.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 261 consecutive patients with surgically staged endometrial cancer between January 2000 and February 2013. All patients had complete staging procedures and were surgically staged according to the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system. Clinical and pathologic data were obtained from medical records. We designed the simplified risk criteria for adjuvant treatment according to the risk factors associated with survival. The patients were divided into low and low-intermediate, high-intermediate, and high-risk groups according to the GOG criteria and simplified criteria and their survivals were compared. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of both criteria.

Results

Median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 10 to 122 months). According to the GOG criteria, we identified 197 low and low-intermediate risk patients, 20 high-intermediate risk patients, and 44 high-risk patients. There were significant differences in disease-free (p<0.001) and overall survival (p<0.001) among the three groups. Using the simplified risk criteria, we identified 189 low and low-intermediate risk patients, 28 high-intermediate risk patients, and 44 high-risk patients. There were significant differences in disease-free (p<0.001) and overall survival (p<0.001) among the three groups. The performance of the simplified criteria (area under the curve [AUC]=0.829 and 0.916 for disease recurrences and deaths, respectively) was as good as the GOG criteria (AUC=0.836 and 0.921 for disease recurrences and deaths, respectively).

Conclusion

The simplified criteria may be easily applicable and offer useful information for planning strategy of adjuvant treatment in patients with surgically staged endometrial cancer as the GOG criteria.     

子宫肌瘤剔除术后肌瘤复发相关危险因素的分析

目的:探讨子宫肌瘤剔除术后肌瘤复发的危险因素,为子宫肌瘤术后复发的预防和治疗提供参考。方法:对121例子宫肌瘤剔除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对肌瘤复发的相关危险因素进行Logistic回归分析,筛选肌瘤复发的相关危险因素。结果:肌瘤复发率为24.8%。单因素分析结果显示,手术年龄、术前检查肌瘤个数、术中发现肌瘤个数与肌瘤复发有关(P值分别为0.031 0、0.001 2和0.002 3)。多因素Lo-gistic回归法分析表明,手术年龄、术前B超检查肌瘤个数、术中检查发现肌瘤个数是术后肌瘤复发的危险因素(OR值分别为2.365 8、5.365 8和3.447 2,P值均<0.05)。结论:手术年龄、术前B超检查肌瘤个数、术中检查发现肌瘤个数是肌瘤复发的危险因素,对这些危险因素加以重点评估和合理控制,可以减少肌瘤复发。     

Treatment for intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer: Controversial issues and the role of hyperthermia

For patients affected by intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer, a single local therapy is not enough, and a more aggressive treatment, such as androgen suppression therapy (AST) and pelvic irradiation, is indicated. Biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) and overall survival (OS) improve in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer using radiotherapy (RT) combined with AST as compared with the RT alone.

Hyperthermia (HT), combined with RT for the treatment of prostate cancer with intermediate- and high-risk, has been defined as “promising”. In the development of new strategies, the reduction of short and long-term treatment related toxicity is of primary importance. Quality of Life (QoL) has been previously investigated and the authors concluded that HT does not negatively impact QoL in patients treated with radiation and HT. The use of HT in treating advanced prostate cancer has been reported by many centres; several studies suggest the feasibility of HT added to conventional RT.

In intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer, the combination of RT plus a long-term androgen suppression provides good results in terms of OS and QoL. HT, improving the anti-cancer effects of irradiation, as demonstrated by experimental in vitro and in vivo studies, could increase the outcome in the treatment of locally advanced prostate tumours without adding toxicity. A randomised phase III trial comparing RT-AST combined treatment plus/minus HT is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of HT.     

不能手术切除行同期放化疗的食管癌患者预后的多因素分析

背景与目的:目前同期放化疗已推荐为不能手术切除食管癌的标准治疗方法。本研究初步总结我科收治的食管癌同期放化疗的治疗结果,分析影响预后的因素。方法:1996年1月1日～2003年12月31日收治的符合条件的患者共132例,化疗在放疗开始时和放疗剂量达40Gy时给予,放疗总剂量60～70Gy。将患者性别、年龄、病程、病变部位、吞咽困难程度、体重、KPS评分、家族史、治疗前血红蛋白水平、X线分型、病理分级、病变长度、T分期、N分期、M分期、放疗方法、放疗技术、放疗剂量、放疗间断时间、治疗后近期疗效、食管穿孔与否、食管出血情况、再治疗方法作为分析因子,用Cox回归对上述分析因子与预后的关系进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:单因素分析显示影响预后的因素为:病程、病变部位、体重下降、M分期、近期疗效、食管穿孔、食管大出血、复发再治疗方法。多因素分析显示影响预后的独立因素为M分期(P=0.0140,OR=2.515)、近期疗效(P<0.0001,OR=2.181)、食管穿孔(P=0.0220,OR=3.266)、再治疗方法(P=0.0260,OR=1.142)。结论:同期放化疗治疗不能手术切除的食管癌,影响预后的主要因素为M分期、近期疗效、食管穿孔、复发转移后再治疗方法。     

非小细胞肺癌术后适形放疗肺损伤相关因素研究

目的 分析非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后接受三维适形放疗(3DCRT)肺损伤的相关因素.方法 对2002年11月至2006年3月符合入组条件的90例患者进行回顾性分析,其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ期12例(切缘阳性),ⅢA期53例,ⅢB期25例.术后均接受了中位剂量60 Gy的3DCRT,38例接受了中位3周期术后化疗.观察指标为CTC 3.0 2级以上放射性肺炎(RP).应用ROC曲线分析健侧、患侧和双肺接受x Gy剂量的相对体积(Vx)和绝对体积与RP的关系.结果 全组共9例患者出现有症状的RP,RP发生率为10%.接受全肺切除的20例患者中无RP发生.RP中位发生时间在放疗开始后101 d,其中2级7例,3级2例.双肺V30、V35在RP组明显高于未发生RP组(19%∶14%,U=-2.16,P=0.030;15%:11%,U=-2.65,P=0.007).以患侧肺接受30 Gy照射的绝对体积作为分界点进行ROC曲线分析结果 显示曲线下面积为0.757,对RP预测的敏感性为88%、特异性为70%.患肺接受30 Gy照射的绝对体积>340 cm3的RP发生率明显高于体积<340 cm3的(29%∶3%,x2=9.75,P=0.003).结论 对于肺叶切除的NSCLC患者接受术后放疗,患肺接受30 Gy照射的绝对体积与RP相关.对全肺切除患者,单肺V20限制在10%以下,接受术后放疗是安全可行的.     

非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗同期化疗后急性放射性肺炎发生因素分析

目的 分析三维适形放疗同期化疗非小细胞肺癌急性放射性肺炎(RP)的发生率及相关因素.方法 搜集2006年1月到2008年10月间首程行三维适形放疗并同期化疗的非小细胞肺癌病例90例,对相关放射剂量体积资料和治疗毒性的临床资料进行统计分析.结果 1级急性RP的发生率为32.2%,2级30.0%,3级5.6%,4级0%,5级1.1%.临床因素单因素分析有统计学差异的是原发肿瘤部位.剂量学方面当平均肺剂量以17 Gy,V_5、V_(10)、V_(20)、V_(30)、V_(40)分别以47%、36%、24%、23%、22%为界分组时组间差异有统计学意义.多因素分析显示平均肺剂量是独立预测因子.结论 RP的发生发展受到多因素综合作用,制定肺癌尤其是中下叶肺癌的三维放疗计划时应将平均肺剂量控制在17 Gy以下.     

老年肝癌根治性切除术后肝癌复发的高危因素分析

目的:探讨老年肝癌根治性切除术后肝癌复发的高危因素。方法:选择我院于2015年1月至2017年1月期间收治的行肝癌根治性切除术的老年肝癌患者300例作为研究对象。所有研究对象均完成术后12个月随访,观察患者复发情况,其中肝癌术后复发时间以影像学检查有明确的肿块存在为确诊依据。运用多因素分析术后复发危险因素。结果:老年肝癌根治性切除术患者300例,术后随访12个月肝癌复发58例,复发率为19.33%。经单因素分析显示,两组性别、合并基础疾病、术前ALT、术前AST和手术时间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）;两组肿瘤直径、血管侵犯、肿瘤包膜和术中失血比较具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。将上述单因素分析具有统计学意义的纳入多因素分析显示,肿瘤直径、血管侵犯、肿瘤包膜和术中失血为影响老年肝癌根治性切除术后复发危险因素。结论:老年肝癌根治性切除术后肝癌复发影响因素较多,而肿瘤直径、血管侵犯、肿瘤包膜和术中失血为其危险因素。     

放疗及合并化疗治疗Ⅲ期肺腺癌疗效分析

１９８９年元月至１９９２年１２月间５２例经组织学或细胞学证实的Ⅲ期肺腺癌，其中２４例单用放疗，２８例放疗加化疗（ＣＥＰ６例，ＰＭＦ１０例，卫康醇＋ＤＤＰ１２例）。单放组ＣＲ＋ＰＲ３３．３％，放十化组ＣＲ＋ＰＲ５３．６％，两组近期疗效无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．１），放十化组发生胃肠副反应及白细胞减少率明显高于单放组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但患者均能耐受。单放组远处转移率虽高于放十化组（３３％：１８％），但未显示统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．１）。本结果表明放十化治疗Ⅲ期肺腺癌并未明显提高近期疗效，故对Ⅲ期肺腺癌的治疗方案尚有待进一步研究。     

Increased risk of stroke in young head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy

Background

Chemo-radiotherapy-induced carotid stenosis and cerebrovascular events in head and neck cancer patients can cause severe disability and death. We aimed to estimate the risk of stroke in such patients over a six-year follow-up period.

Patients and methods

The study cohort consisted of head and neck cancer patients (n = 10,172). Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare the stroke-free survival rate between the patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, surgery alone, and surgery with adjuvant therapy after adjusting for possible confounding factors.

Results

At the end of follow-up, 384 patients had strokes: 126 (4.3%) from the surgery alone group, 167 (3.8%) from the radiotherapy or chemotherapy group, and 91 (3.2%) from the surgery with adjuvant therapy (P = 0.222). Head and neck cancer patients aged less than 55 years treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy conferred a 1.8-fold higher risk for stroke (95% CI, 1.22–2.56; P = 0.003) after adjusting for patient characteristics, co-morbidities, geographic region, urbanization level, and socio-economic status. There was no statistical difference in stroke risk between different treatment modalities in head and neck cancer patients aged 55 years and more.

Conclusions

Young head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy have higher risks for stroke. Different treatment strategies should be considered in such patients.     

UTUC根治术后膀胱癌复发的危险因素及预后

目的探讨上尿路尿路上皮癌(upper tract urothelial carcinoma,UTUC)根治术后膀胱癌复发的危险因素及预后。方法收集208例根治术后经病理确诊且具有完善临床病理资料及随访信息的UTUC病例,分析肿瘤复发与各临床病理参数及预后的相关性。结果 208例UTUC患者中男性67例,女性141例,男∶女为1∶2.1。根治术后膀胱癌复发23例(11.1%),中位复发时间18月,更多见于男性患者(P=0.027),复发与否患者在组织学级别方面差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。有膀胱癌病史(46.2%,P=0.006)或同时合并膀胱癌(33.3%,P=0.030)的UTUC患者再次膀胱癌复发概率明显升高。生存分析结果显示,膀胱癌复发与否患者在总生存期(P=0.145)及无瘤生存期(P=0.215)方面比较差异均无统计学意义。结论影响UTUC根治术后膀胱癌复发的危险因素为性别及组织学级别。术前有膀胱癌病史或同时合并膀胱癌的患者再次膀胱癌复发的概率升高。膀胱癌复发与否对患者的总生存期及无瘤生存期无明显影响。