Successful retrieval of a coronary stent dislodged in the brachial artery by means of improvised snare and guiding catheter

This is a case report regarding the retrieval, by means of an improvised snare and guiding catheter, of a stent dislodged in the brachial artery during a transradial coronary intervention. A full-length guiding catheter could not be used to approach the lost stent, which was a mere 30 to 35 cm away from the sheath insertion site at the radial artery, and a commercial snare was not available at the time. Thus, we had to improvise a shortened guiding catheter and a snare, which was formed by folding an angioplasty Whisper guide wire (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and was used successfully to snare the stent and retrieve it.     

Successful retrieval of transradially delivered unexpanded coronary stent from the left main coronary artery

Stent dislodgment during percutaneous coronary intervention is a rare complication. We report a case of successful retrieval of a dislodged stent from the left main coronary artery. It was retrieved via the transradial route using a 6 F coronary guiding catheter supported by an inflated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty balloon distal to the stent.     

Retrieval of dislodged and disfigured transradially delivered coronary stent: report on a case using forcep and antegrade brachial sheath insertion.

We report a case of dislodged and damaged stent during transradial coronary procedure using 6 Fr device, which was successfully retrieved by using a forcep and 8 Fr antegrade brachial sheath. The disfigured and bulky stent can be removed, after their retrieval from the coronary circulation, using a forcep inserted through an 8 Fr brachial artery sheath if the radial artery is deemed too small to accommodate larger sheath.     

经造影导管局部给药对桡动脉痉挛的预防作用

目的：探讨经造影导管肱动脉注射硝酸甘油对经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗（TRI）中桡动脉痉挛（RAS）的预防效果。方法连续入选TRI冠状动脉造影（CAG）成功并需行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）[包括经皮穿刺冠状动脉腔内成形术和（或）支架置入术]患者810例,其中试验组413例,对照组397例。试验组当造影导管回撤到达肱动脉水平时经造影导管注射硝酸甘油稀释液400μg（稀释至100μg/ml）,对照组在造影导管抽出后经由鞘管侧管注射硝酸甘油400μg（稀释至100μg/ml）,比较两组患者在指引导管送入过程中的RAS发生率。结果试验组较对照组RAS发生率降低,差异有统计学意义（18%比33%,P=0.021）。结论经造影导管肱动脉注射硝酸甘油能降低TRI中RAS的发生率。     

Entrapment of a kinked catheter in the radial artery during transradial coronary angiography

The transradial approach is currently popular for vascular access during percutaneous coronary angiography and intervention. Catheter kinking during catheter manipulation is not uncommon, but mostly the kinked catheter can be unraveled by gentle rotation of catheter in the opposite direction. We describe a case in which the diagnostic catheter was kinked and entrapped in the small radial artery during transradial angiography. Attempts to withdraw or to unravel the catheter with gentle rotation were unsuccessful. We were able to catch the catheter tip with a 6 Fr Amplatz goose-neck snare kit (ev3, Inc.) guided by an 8 Fr guiding catheter via right femoral approach. We pulled the kinked catheter up into the brachial artery with large diameter where successful unraveling was possible, allowing for its successful removal through the radial sheath.     

Successful transradial removal of an inflated coronary stent dislodged from the right coronary ostium

We describe our solution to the unusual situation of an inflated, large coronary stent (3.5 mm diameter) which became dislodged from the ostium of the right coronary artery after deployment during a transradial procedure. We discussed tips for retrieval from the radial artery while preserving the access for completion of the procedure.     

经桡动脉普通导引导管7F无鞘技术治疗冠状动脉复杂病变

目的 评价经桡动脉普通导引导管7F无鞘技术治疗冠状动脉复杂病变的安全性、可行性.方法 纳入2013年11月至2014年4月,经桡/尺动脉置入6F桡动脉鞘造影后,需要用7F导引导管行介入治疗的患者31例.在桡动脉鞘内置入长260 cm,直径0.036 in（1 in=2.54 cm）非亲水涂层导丝至升主动脉;撤出桡动脉鞘,将6 F 110 cm猪尾管插入7 F 100 cm导引导管内,猪尾管头端突出于导引导管外;将猪尾管和导引导管呈一体,穿入长260 cm,直径0.036 in导引导丝,通过皮肤切口逐次进入桡动脉,导引导管到位后撤出猪尾管.结果 31例导引导管均成功通过桡动脉,到达靶冠状动脉开口,完成介入治疗后撤出导引导管.术后观察24 h,所有患者桡动脉穿刺处无出血,穿刺侧上肢未发生血肿、感觉障碍.术后1个月随访,未发生桡动脉闭塞.结论 经桡动脉普通导引导管7F无鞘技术是治疗冠状动脉复杂病变可选用的相对安全、有效的途径.     

Transradial retrieval of a dislodged stent from the left main coronary artery

We report a case of successful transradial retrieval of a dislodged and mechanically distorted coronary artery stent from the left main stem in an elderly male. Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention was undertaken to reconstruct a lesion in the left circumflex artery complicated by stent dislodgement. A microsnare was used to successfully retrieve the stent.     

Entrapment of a Partially Degloved Stent in the Radial Artery: is there Any Way Out?

Stent loss during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncommon but may lead to serious adverse events. Here we describe a challenging case of stent loss in the radial artery during primary PCI. There, a long stent failed to cross the culprit lesion, and an attempt to pull back the undeployed stent into the guiding catheter resulted in eversion of the stent, partially stripping it off the stent balloon and rendering the stent irretrievable. Retrieval of the stent at all costs might have led to major complications; hence stent deployment in the radial artery bailed us out of this precarious situation.     

New guiding catheter for transrad PTCA

A new guiding catheter for PTCA is described. In our department, 302 patients (405 lesions) underwent transradial coronary angioplasty using the 6 Fr Kimny guiding catheter since January 1996. The total engagement rate using the Kimny guiding catheter was 91.3% (370/405). The engagement rate after the modified Kimny guiding catheter was introduced in May 1996 increased to 96.0% (243/253). The stent delivery success rate was 98.4%. We had two dislodged stents. PTCA for both left and right coronary arteries in a single procedure with the Kimny guiding catheter was performed via the radial artery in 27 patients. In 24 of these patients (89%) we engaged both coronaries successfully. In the remaining 3 patients we switched to another catheter. Except for 4 patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, no major cardiac complications were encountered. No major entry site-related complications were seen, and no patient required vascular surgery or blood transfusions. In one patient the Kimny guiding catheter tip caused a minor dissection of the LMT, but no ischemic event occurred as a result. In conclusion, the Kimny device is a useful PTCA guiding catheter for routine angioplasty and stenting. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 43:344–351, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Radial artery perforation during transradial catheterization managed with a coronary polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent graft

A 69-year-old man underwent transradial catheterization (TRC) with successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but developed a radial artery perforation. Guiding catheter re-positioning and prolonged balloon inflation were unable to provide hemostasis. Successful reconstruction of the perforated vessel required the unconventional and novel use of a coronary polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent graft.     

JL指引导管用于右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变介入治疗

目的探讨右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变的介入治疗（PC I）方法,对比分析经桡动脉和股动脉途径采用JR、JL和AL指引导管介入治疗右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变的适应证和并发症。方法2003年1月至2005年7月右冠状动脉慢性闭塞行PC I者305例,分别采用桡动脉JR,AL/JL导管法和股动脉JR/AL导管法PC I。观察指引导管置入成功率,钢丝通过率,球囊扩张成功率和支架置入成功率及各种并发症的发生率。结果上述3种方法的指引导管放置成功率均很高,但钢丝通过率、球囊扩张和支架置入成功率,桡动脉JL/AL导管法（99%,98%,98%）显著高于桡动脉JR（75%,63%,63%）和股动脉JR/AL导管法（83%,77%,77%,P<0.05）。无严重并发症发生。结论右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变介入治疗JL/AL指引导管法优于桡动脉和股动脉JR指引导管法,并发症发生率没有增加。     

Retrieval of a subintimal fractured guide wire from the brachial artery following saphenous vein graft stenting

We present a case of a 58‐year‐old woman with diabetes mellitus with a history of angina, coronary artery bypass 24 years previously and who underwent retrieval of a fractured coronary buddy wire from the right brachial artery following attempted coronary intervention to a saphenous vein graft via the right radial route. Attempted removal of the guide wire had caused guide catheter‐induced dissection of the vein graft in addition to a distal stent edge dissection before fracture in the brachial artery. The fractured end of the buddy wire was found to be in the subintimal space and could only be retrieved by advancing the wire into the subclavian artery by means of wrapping its free portion around the guiding catheter. Its fractured end could then be snared into the guiding catheter but could only be withdrawn from behind the stented segment in the vein graft by means of a trap balloon in the guiding catheter. Successful stenting of a guide catheter‐induced dissection and distal stent edge dissection within the vein graft was then performed. This case highlights the hazards of deploying stents over buddy wires and of fractured guide wires in coronary intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Complete fracture of an Ikari guiding catheter in the axillary artery during transradial coronary intervention

Complete fracture of a guiding catheter during percutaneous coronary intervention is an exceedingly rare but potentially serious complication. The present case report describes the complete fracture of an Ikari guiding catheter and the various manoeuvres used to retrieve the broken catheter fragment. The anatomy and limited space in the radial and axillary arteries made it possible for the catheter to twist on itself during a difficult cannulation, resulting in its complete fracture and separation. The present case highlights the need for caution in the manipulation of an Ikari guiding catheter by the transradial approach.     

Perforation of the sinus of Valsalva by guiding catheter during the percutaneous coronary intervention via the right transradial approach: A very unusual complication

Iatrogenic dissection of the sinus of Valsalva or of the ascending aorta is a rare but potentially fatal event, during the percuteneous coronary intervention (PCI). We reported a case of perforation of the sinus of Valsalva by guiding catheter during PCI via the right transradial approach (TRA) successfully managed and sealed without any sequelae. The choice of guiding catheter into the right TRA should be done carefully and its manipulation should be performed with caution in the coronary artery and in the sinus of Valsalva. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Balloon crush: treatment of bifurcation lesions using the crush stenting technique as adapted for transradial approach of percutaneous coronary intervention.

The recent advent of drug-eluting stents has allowed the crush stenting technique to be adopted, thus simplifying the treatment of bifurcation coronary artery lesions. However, this can only be achieved in 7 Fr or greater guiding catheters, hence precluding most transradial percutaneous coronary interventions that are usually undertaken using 6 Fr or less guiding catheters. We assessed the feasibility of balloon stent crush as a stepwise procedure in achieving bifurcation crush stenting in 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary interventions. Since it is not possible to place two stents through a 6 Fr guiding catheter, we have adapted the crush stenting technique by initially placing a stent in the side branch and a balloon in the main vessel. The side branch stent is then deployed against the main vessel balloon that is later inflated, crushing the side branch stent within the main vessel. The main vessel is then stented and the side branch recrossed for kissing inflations. Seven patients (five males; age range, 47-78 years) with bifurcation lesions were treated using the above-described technique without major complications. Balloon crush of the side branch stent were successfully achieved in all cases without balloon trapping. In six cases where side branch recrossing was attempted, all were successful and kissing balloon inflations were undertaken in five cases. We have demonstrated that the modified crush stenting technique is feasible and can be safely adapted for use in a 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary intervention approach.     

Successful transradial coronary angioplasty and stenting using a self-expandable RADIUS stent to the anomalous left main coronary artery

Stenting of anomalous coronary artery is technically challenging both from the femoral and radial approaches because of difficulty in cannulating the artery by the guiding catheters with enough back-up support for delivering the stent. We report the first case in the literature of transradial coronary angioplasty and stenting to an anomalous left main coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva. Left Amplatz guidance from the radial approach provided an adequate platform to advance the stent using a dummy guidewire technique, and a self-expandable RADIUS stent was successfully deployed in a tortuous lesion of the anomalous artery.     

Successful transradial intervention by switching from 6 French to 5 French guiding catheter

We report a case of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) where a 6 French (Fr) guiding catheter could not be advanced through extremely tortuous subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries with a right transradial approach. Downsizing from a 6 Fr to 5 Fr guiding catheter was effective to reach to the coronary cusp, and we successfully performed transradial PCI without access-site crossover. When a catheter cannot be advanced in a tortuous vessel during transradial intervention, downsizing the catheter is an option to reduce resistance and enable successful PCI without access-site crossover.     

急性冠脉综合征左右冠状动脉病变患者应用单根MAC指引导管经桡动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的可行性研究

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)左右冠状动脉病变患者应用单根MAC指引导管经桡动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的可行性。方法选择我院2012年1月—2013年6月收治的ACS患者60例,根据随机序号分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组患者采用单根6F MAC指引导管经桡动脉途径行PCI,对照组患者采用不同指引导管经桡动脉途径行PCI。观察两组患者桡动脉穿刺成功率、PCI成功率、造影剂用量、PCI操作时间、放射剂量、透视时间、介入治疗血管支数、平均支架数、血管并发症情况及出院后30 d主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生情况等。结果两组患者桡动脉穿刺成功率均为100%,PCI成功率均为96.67%。两组患者造影剂用量、介入治疗血管支数、平均支架数及血管并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者PCI操作时间、透视时间短于对照组,放射剂量小于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者出院后30 d均未出现MACE。结论 ACS左右冠状动脉病变患者应用单根MAC指引导管经桡动脉途径行PCI是可行的。     

经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术的临床应用

目的 :评价经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影术与冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)的临床应用价值。方法 :有选择性的对 37例患者行经皮桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术 ,观察其疗效和血管并发症。结果 :1 桡动脉穿刺成功率为 93 8% (有 2例失败 )。 2 14例冠状动脉造影正常 ,17例冠状动脉造影显示 2 6处存在≥ 70 %的狭窄病变 ,适合行冠状动脉介入手术。 2 6处病变有 4处PTCA疗效满意 ,2 2处行PTCA +支架术 ,植入支架 31只。狭窄从 (81± 12 ) %降低至 (10 6± 7 4 ) % ,最小血管直径由 (0 86± 0 12 )mm增加至 (3 0 8± 0 32 )mm。 6例病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术。 3 所有患者术后即拔导管鞘 ,局部压迫 4h。术后并发症的发生率为 3 3% (1例术后的桡动脉闭塞 )。结论 :经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术安全可行 ,其具有穿刺部位出血少、住院时间短的特点 ,可选择性的应用于某些冠心病患者。