VEGF、COX-2在HBV感染型和非HBV感染型肝细胞癌中的表达差异及意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)蛋白表达水平和肿瘤血管形成在肝细胞癌(HCC)中表达的临床病理意义.方法:利用血清学指标检测56例HCC的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况,采用快速免疫组化法检测肝细胞癌中VEGF、COX-2的蛋白表达,抗CD105单克隆抗体显示血管内皮细胞,根据CD105阳性的血管内皮细胞计数测定肿瘤微血管密度(MVD).结果:HBV感染组中VEGF、COX-2蛋白以及MVD的阳性表达率均高于非HBV感染组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).VEGF和COX-2表达呈正相关(r=0.429,P＜0.05).结论:HBV可能通过上调VEGF、COX-2等血管形成因子上调表达,共同促进了肿瘤血管的生成,从而促进HCC的生长、浸润和转移.     

甲状腺乳头状癌VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2蛋白表达与淋巴道转移和血管生成的相关性

 目的 通过检测血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP -9)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)在 甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）细胞中的表达情况,探讨它们与PTC颈淋巴结转移的关系。 方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测74例PTC(有淋巴结转移者39例,无淋巴结转移者35例)中VEGF、 MMP-9、COX-2的表达,并对CD34表达阳性血管进行MVD计数。 结果 VEGF、MMP-9、COX-2的表达与MVD值在淋巴结转移组与无转移组之间的差异均具有统计学意义 (P<0.05),与PTC淋巴结转移呈正相关;VEGF、MMP-9、COX-2的表达与MVD值正相关 (P<0.05) ,VGEF、MMP-9阳性表达率与肿瘤大小密切相关（P<0.05）。 结论 甲状腺乳头状癌VEGF、MMP-9、COX-2蛋白表达与其淋巴道转移和MVD有关,检测这几种蛋白表 达将有助于判断甲状腺乳头状癌的转移潜能、血管生成能力及预后。     

乳腺癌血清VEGF水平与癌组织中VEGF和COX-2表达及微血管密度的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌患者血清血管内皮生长因子(sVEGF)水平与乳腺癌血管生成的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测68例乳腺癌、35例乳腺良性病变和20例健康女性的sVEGF水平,免疫组化S-P法检测相应乳腺癌组织中VEGF、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)及微血管密度(MVD)表达水平,并分析sVEGF水平与VEGF、COX-2及MVD表达的关系。结果(1)健康女性组、乳腺良性病变组和乳腺癌组sVEGF浓度中位数分别为105.93、150.82和306.51 pg/ml,乳腺癌组明显高于健康女性组。(2)乳腺癌组VEGF和COX-2表达阳性率分别为67.6%和44.1%,乳腺良性病变组VEGF和COX-2表达阳性率分别为42.9%和11.4%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.015和0.002)。(3)乳腺癌患者sVEGF水平与癌组织中VEGF、COX-2及MVD表达均呈正相关。(4)乳腺癌患者中,VEGF表达阳性组COX-2阳性率(65.21%)明显高于VEGF表达阴性组(18.18%); COX-2表达阳性组MVD(22.94±5.51)明显高于COX-2表达阴性组(10.30±4.42)。结论乳腺癌患者sVEGF水平明显增高于健康女性,并与癌组织中VEGF、COX-2及MVD表达呈正相关。     

环氧合酶-2 在肝细胞癌中的表达及其对肿瘤血管生成的影响

 目的 本研究通过检测肝细胞癌组织COX-2的表达,探讨COX-2与VEGF和MVD表达之间的关系,初步探讨COX-2在肝细胞癌血管生成的作用. 方法 应用免疫组化方法检测了45例肝细胞癌组织中COX-2和 VEGF、MVD的表达. 结果 肝癌、癌旁组织和正常肝组织中COX-2表达阳性率分别为73.3%、81.3%和100%.高分化癌组织中COX-2蛋白的表达显著高于中分化和低分化癌组织中的表达(P<0.05);癌组织中COX-2蛋白表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、包膜、门静脉癌栓、AFP均无显著性差异(P>0.05).COX-2与VEGF表达和MVD有显著相关性(P<0.01,P<0.05). 结论 COX-2可通过增加VEGF的表达而促进肿瘤血管的生成.     

bFGFR、COX-2和MVD在胃癌中的表达及其与浸润转移的关系

目的 探讨碱性成纤维生长因子受体（bFGFR）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和微血管密度（MVD）与胃癌浸润、转移的关系。方法 选择80例手术切除的胃癌标本为观察组,40例慢性浅表性胃炎为对照组,应用免疫组织化学方法检测组织中bFGFR、COX-2和MVD的表达情况。结果 bFGFR及COX-2在胃癌患者中的阳性率为50.0%和52.5%。在对照组的阳性率分别为5.0%和0,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。MVD在胃癌及对照组中的表达分别为（46.9±2.2）和（26.2±2.3）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。三者的表达与肿瘤的浸润、淋巴及远处转移呈正相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),与肿瘤大小、分化程度无关(P>0.05)。bFGFR阳性和COX 2阳性组MVD值（48.7±10.2、49.6±11.6）均高于bFGFR阴性和COX-2阴性组（33.6±5.2、32.7±4.5,P<0.01）。bFGFR与COX-2的表达呈正相关（γ=0.700,P=0.0000）,二者在胃癌组织中的阳性表达强度与淋巴、远处转移呈正相关（P<0.01）。）结论 胃癌组织中bFGFR、COX-2和MVD的表达与胃癌的浸润、转移密切相关,三者在肿瘤血管形成中可能存在相互协同作用。三者的阳性表达可作为胃癌生长,转移的重要判定指标。     

胃癌组织中COX-2和VEGF表达及其相关性研究

目的探讨环氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growthfactor,VEGF)在人胃癌组织中表达及其相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测53例人胃癌组织中COX-2、VEGF和CD34的表达,并以40例正常胃粘膜标本作为对照。对CD34阳性血管进行微血管密度(microvesseldensity,MVD)计数。对COX-2和VEGF的表达采用半定量计分法判定,并结合临床资料进行统计学分析。结果53例人胃癌组织中,COX-2表达阳性者44例,阳性率为83.0%;VEGF表达阳性者45例,阳性率为84.9%。COX-2表达与VEGF表达相关显著(P<0.05)。并且,COX-2和VEGF的表达与TNM分期(P<0.05,P<0.05)、淋巴结转移(P<0.01,P<0.05)和远处转移(P<0.01,P<0.05)相关。COX-2/VEGF同高表达组中MVD值(79.5±25.8)高于COX-2/VEGF同低表达组中的MVD值(45.0±13.9),差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论胃癌组织中COX-2与VEGF共表达,并相互协同促进肿瘤血管生成和转移。     

VEGF、COX-2在HBV感染型和非HBV感染型肝细胞癌中的表达差异及意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）蛋白表达水平和肿瘤血管形成在肝细胞癌（HCC）中表达的临床病理意义。方法：利用血清学指标检测56例HCC的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染情况，采用快速免疫组化法检测肝细胞癌中VEGF、COX-2的蛋白表达，抗CD105单克隆抗体显示血管内皮细胞，根据CD105阳性的血管内皮细胞计数测定肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）。结果：HBV感染组中VEGF、COX-2蛋白以及MVD的阳性表达率均高于非HBV感染组，有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。VEGF和COX-2表达呈正相关（r=0．429，P〈0．05）。结论：HBV可能通过上调VEGF、COX-2等血管形成因子上调表达，共同促进了肿瘤血管的生成，从而促进HCC的生长、浸润和转移。     

Survivin和环氧合酶2在壶腹癌中的表达及临床意义

 目的 探讨Survivin和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）蛋白在壶腹癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 用免疫组化EnVision法对40例壶腹癌组织进行Survivin和COX-2蛋白检测,并对8例正常壶腹组织进行对照研究.结果 壶腹癌组织中33例Survivin蛋白呈阳性表达,阳性率为82.5％,对照组中无阳性表达,两组阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Survivin表达与十二指肠浸润、胰腺浸润、淋巴结转移均有明显相关性(均P<0.05)。在壶腹癌组中27例COX-2蛋白阳性表达,阳性率为67.5％,而对照组8例无阳性表达,两组阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);COX-2表达与十二指肠浸润、胰腺浸润、淋巴结转移均有明显相关性(均P<0.05)。经Spearman等级相关性分析表明,Survivin与COX-2蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.383,P=0.015)。结论 Survivin基因和COX-2基因的异常表达可能对壶腹癌的发生和发展起重要作用,可能为壶腹癌的早期诊断和基因治疗提供新的靶点。     

COX-2、Ki-67和VEGF在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及意义

 目的 探讨环氧化酶-2（COX-2）在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及临床意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测50份膀胱移行细胞癌患者手术后存档标本和10份正常膀胱黏膜组织中COX-2、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和增生细胞核抗原（Ki-67）的表达。结果 COX-2在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中阳性表达率为80 %，而在正常膀胱黏膜组织中无表达，差异有统计学意义。而且不同分期、不同分级间表达差异亦有统计学意义，即与分级、分期呈正相关；初发组COX-2表达高于复发组；单发组与多发组差异无统计学意义。在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中COX-2的表达与Ki-67的表达呈正相关；COX-2与VEGF在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达呈正相关。结论 COX-2在肿瘤发生、发展中可能起着促进细胞增生的作用。VEGF的表达与COX-2呈正相关，表明VEGF可能是COX-2促进肿瘤血管生成的重要介质     

VEGFR-2、MVD在大肠癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子受体-2(VEGFR-2)及微血管密度(MVD)在大肠癌组织中的表达与大肠癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP方法,检测54例大肠癌组织、18例癌旁正常组织中VEGFR-2的表达,以CD34标记血管内皮细胞,对CD34阳性血管进行MVD计数。结果:VEGFR-2在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率为59.26%,在癌旁正常组织中阳性表达率为22.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGFR-2的表达与大肠癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、临床分期呈正相关(P<0.05)。大肠癌组织中VEGFR-2阴性表达者5年总生存期明显高于VEGFR-2阳性表达组(分别为48.97%及20.64%,P<0.05)。大肠癌组织、癌旁正常组织中MVD分别为(28.57±9.41个/HP、10.53±3.94个/HP),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。MVD与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及临床分期呈正相关(P<0.01)。MVD≤28个/HP的胃癌患者总生存期较MVD>28个/HP患者明显延长(分别为63.63%及28.57%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。经相关分析,VEGFR-2阳性表达率与MVD呈正相关(r=0.463,P<0.01)。结论:VEGFR-2、MVD可作为大肠癌发生侵袭转移和判断预后的指标。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.