20-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy.

This article describes a transconjunctival technique for pars plana vitrectomy using 20-gauge instruments. Sclerotomies are performed directly through the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule, and sclera with a 19-gauge microvitreoretinal blade. A sutureless 20-gauge infusion cannula is then inserted and pars plana vitrectomy is performed in a standardized fashion using 20-gauge instruments. Each sclerotomy and its corresponding conjunctival incision is closed with a single stitch using a 7-0 polyglactin suture. This transconjunctival technique is a reasonable alternative surgical approach to minimize surgical trauma of tissues (eg, conjunctiva) and hasten postoperative recovery without the additional risks and costs associated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.     

Primary repair of retinal detachment with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective, consecutive case series included 42 eyes of 41 patients who underwent primary repair of RRD utilizing transconjunctival 25-gauge PPV without scleral buckling at the Cincinnati Eye Institute from July 2004 through January 2007. METHODS: The medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and the corresponding demographic data, preoperative ophthalmic diagnoses, surgical management, and postoperative course and treatment were recorded. Main outcome measures included single surgery anatomical success, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, and complications. RESULTS: Most patients had pseudophakic RRD (36 [85.7%] of 42 eyes). The crystalline lens was present in the remaining 6 eyes (14.3%). Of 42 eyes, 28 (66.7%) had macula-on RRD, while 14 (33.3%) had macula-off RRD. Four surgeons contributed to this study, and 25-gauge PPV instrumentation, a wide-angle viewing system, endolaser photocoagulation, and gas tamponade were used in each case. The single surgery anatomical success rate was 92.9% (39 of 42 eyes). For eyes with macula-on RRD, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 (0.43 logMAR [logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution]) preoperatively and 20/30 (0.23 logMAR) postoperatively (P = 0.24). For eyes with macula-off RRD, best-corrected visual acuity was 5/200 (1.56 logMAR) preoperatively and 20/30 (0.23 logMAR) postoperatively (P = 0.001). Three eyes required additional surgery for final reattachment. Final reattachment was achieved in 100% of patients (mean follow-up, 8 months). CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five-gauge PPV with laser retinopexy and gas tamponade is effective for primary repair of RRD. The single operation anatomical success rate is comparable with rates reported for primary vitrectomy with 20-gauge instrumentation, scleral buckling, and combined vitrectomy/scleral buckling.     

Incidence of endophthalmitis after 20-gauge vs 23-gauge vs 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy

Purpose  

To compare endophthalmitis rates after 20-gauge versus 23-gauge versus 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in 2007–2008, and compare the rates with those of 2005–2006.     

A new non-trocar system for 25-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To introduce a new non-trocar system for 25-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). DESIGN: Study of a new surgical instrument. METHODS: This new non-trocar system for 25-gauge transconjunctival PPV consists of a contact lens ring featuring four projections containing 1.0-mm diameter holes located 3.0 mm from the ring edge, a wedge-shaped 25-gauge infusion cannula, and two plugs. RESULTS: The ring is fixed with 7-0 silk sutures at the 3- and 9-o'clock positions on the limbus. Using the 25-gauge needle, three conjunctival and scleral incisions (n = 3) are made at the projection holes located inferotemporally, superonasally, and superotemporally. No intra- or postoperative complications were encountered in 14 patients treated by this non-trocar 25-gauge transconjunctival PPV. CONCLUSION: Using the system introduced here, 25-gauge transconjunctival PPV can be performed without suturing sclerotomies and without intra- or postoperative complications.     

Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge and 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and outcomes

PURPOSE: To compare the rates of endophthalmitis after 20-gauge versus 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and to investigate clinical features of, and visual acuity outcomes, for patients with endophthalmitis after PPV. METHODS: A computerized database search was performed at each author's institution to identify all patients who underwent PPV by any of the authors between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006, and were subsequently treated for endophthalmitis. In addition, all patients who underwent PPV and were subsequently treated for endophthalmitis at Pennsylvania State College of Medicine (Hershey, PA) and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (Miami, FL) during the study period were included. The medical records of these patients were reviewed to confirm that the endophthalmitis was associated with PPV and to collect clinical data to meet the study objectives. RESULTS: The incidence of endophthalmitis during the study period was 2 cases per 6,375 patients (or 1 case per 3,188 patients; 0.03%) for 20-gauge PPV compared with 11 cases per 1,307 patients (or 1 case per 119 patients; 0.84%) for 25-gauge PPV (P < 0.0001). Of 11 eyes that developed endophthalmitis after 25-gauge PPV, 9 received endophthalmitis prophylaxis with subconjunctival cefazolin after surgery. Median intraocular pressure on postoperative day 1 was 13 mmHg (range, 5-27 mmHg). Median time between PPV and endophthalmitis presentation was 3 days (range, 1-15 days). Presenting vision was hand motions or better in all eyes. Initial treatment included vitreous tap and injection of antibiotics in nine eyes and PPV and injection of antibiotics in two. All patients received intraocular treatment with vancomycin, and 10 received ceftazidime treatment. Eight patients had final visual acuity of >/=20/400, and four had visual acuity of >/=20/63. Cultures were negative in three cases; no culture specimens were obtained in one case. Six of the seven isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci, and one was enterococcus. Five of six isolates tested for sensitivity to vancomycin were sensitive, and both isolates tested for sensitivity to ceftazidime were sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of endophthalmitis after 25-gauge PPV was significantly higher than that after 20-gauge PPV. Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge PPV occurred within 15 days of PPV, was usually due to coagulase-negative staphylococci sensitive to vancomycin, and was associated with variable visual outcomes.     

Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for cytomegalovirus retinitis-related retinal detachment

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of 25-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:Single-center retrospective consecutive case series of patients who underwent 25-G PPV for CMVR-related RRD repair with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Complete anatomic success was defined as the complete attachment of retina including the periphery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≥20/400 was defined as functional success.Results:Sixteen eyes of 15 patients were included in the study. Eleven patients were human immunodeficiency virus positive, three patients had hematological malignancies, and one patient suffered from dyskeratosis congenita. The mean follow-up was 20.5 ± 17.4 months (range 3–60 months). Complete anatomical success was seen in 15 eyes (93.75%). One eye had a residual inferior detachment with attached macula. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in 15 eyes and C₃F₈ gas in one eye. The mean change in BCVA was statistically significant, preoperative LogMAR BCVA was 2.05 ± 0.94 while the final follow-up postoperative LogMAR BCVA was 1.03 ± 0.61 (P < 0.001). Thirteen eyes (81.25%) had final BCVA ≥20/400.Conclusion:Microincision vitrectomy surgery can achieve excellent retinal reattachment rates in post-CMVR RRDs without significant intraoperative and postoperative complications. The visual outcome varies depending on the status of the optic disc and macula. Majority of the patients maintained functional vision.     

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage as an intraoperative complication of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To describe a case of suprachoroidal hemorrhage occurring during 25-gauge vitrectomy. METHODS: Retrospective case review. RESULTS: An 80-year old pseudophakic man developed intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage during a vitreous biopsy procedure for chronic intraocular inflammation. Despite drainage of the choroidals, visual outcome was poor. CONCLUSIONS: 25-gauge vitrectomy is often referred to as a "less-invasive" procedure than 20-gauge vitrectomy, but it is not necessarily less risky and probably carries a similar risk profile.     

Comparative outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in acute postoperative endophthalmitis with 25-gauge and 20-gauge techniques

Purpose  

To evaluate the safety and outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis and compare it with 20-gauge PPV.     

25-gauge vs 20-gauge system for pars plana vitrectomy: a prospective randomised clinical trial

AIM: To compare 25-gauge vs 20-gauge system for pars plana vitrectomy in a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Three-port pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 60 patients belonging to 2 groups. Evaluations were performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, during the first three postoperative days, at 1 week, and at 1 and 3 months. The main outcome measure was time for surgery, divided into duration of wound opening, vitrectomy, retinal manipulation and wound closure. RESULTS: The total duration of surgery showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.67). The 25-gauge group showed significantly shorter duration of wound opening (p<0.001) and wound closure (p<0.001). In contrast, the vitrectomy duration was significantly longer in the 25-gauge group (p<0.001). Conjunctival injection and subjective postoperative pain showed significantly lower irritation in the 25-gauge group (p<0.001 for both). CONCLUSION: The 25-gauge vitrectomy system offered significantly improved patient comfort during the first postoperative week. The smaller surgical openings facilitated wound healing and minimised pain. Duration of surgery was comparable between the two systems-the shorter time needed for wound opening and closure in the 25-gauge group being equalised by the longer vitrectomy duration. Intraoperative as well as retinal manipulation and illumination caused more surgical difficulties using the 25-gauge system.     

超声生物显微镜在儿童白内障25G扁平部前段玻璃体切割术后的应用

目的应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)观察儿童白内障25G扁平部前段玻璃体切割术后穿刺口的愈合过程及特点。方法行25G无缝线扁平部前段玻璃体切割术的儿童先天性白内障7例(11眼),观察切割时间、术中术后临床效果、术后穿刺口渗漏、眼压变化、并发症和穿刺口UBM影像学征象。结果所有患儿平均切割时间为(40.9±8.4)s。术中玻璃体波动小,术后炎症反应轻、恢复快,无严重并发症发生,术后巩膜穿刺口无明显渗漏。患儿眼压平稳,术前(13.41±3.44)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)与术后1d(13.77±4.47)mmHg、1周(13.11±3.20)mmHg、1个月(13.39±2.55)mmHg相比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。UBM影像学检查显示术后3d巩膜穿刺口部位可见贯穿巩膜及睫状体扁平部的连续低回声缝隙;术后7d缝隙明显缩小;术后2周穿刺口内口已愈合;术后3周8眼(72.7%)已不能检测到扁平部穿刺口;术后4周所有穿刺口完全愈合。结论通过UBM观察到儿童25G无缝线扁平部前段玻璃体切割术后巩膜穿刺口的恢复迅速、愈合良好,未见切口渗漏及玻璃体嵌...     

Retinal complications of pars plana vitrectomy

A series of 500 consecutive pars plana vitrectomies was evaluated with regard to retinal complications. If the retina is attached preoperatively the risk of retinal complications is only 2.0%; however, in cases with preoperative detachment it rises to 9.2%. When membrane peeling is performed the risk rises by a further 7.3%. These statistics support the view that early vitrectomy is today a safe operation in cases with a simple initial anatomical situation. In contrast, late vitrectomy in cases where the initial anatomical situation is complex and membrane-peeling has to be performed is necessarily associated with a higher rate of complications.     

25-Gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) system for a vriety of vitreoretinal diseases. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated 71 eyes of 63 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the 25-gauge TSV system. The indications for surgical intervention were diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (29 eyes), diabetic macular edema (14 eyes), macular epiretinal membrane (13 eyes), endophthalmitis (5 eyes), vitreous opacities secondary to Behcet's disease (4 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (4 eyes), and vitreous hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration (2 eyes). Epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane removal, endolaser photocoagulation, and air-fluid exchange were performed when required. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 3.6 months (range 1-8 months). Mean overall visual acuity (VA) was counting fingers (range light perception to 0.4) preoperatively and 0.2 (range 0.1 to 0.8) postoperatively (p=0.000). Statistically significant VA improvement was observed in eyes with vitreous hemorrhage, diabetic macular edema, and macular epiretinal membrane. VA improved postoperatively in all eyes with endophthalmitis and vitreous opacities secondary to Behcet's disease. The surgery was completed without conjunctival and scleral suturing in all eyes. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 17.2 mmHg (range 10-26 mmHg) preoperatively, 12.4 mmHg (range 6-24 mmHg) on the first postoperative day, 16.6 mmHg (range 10-33 mmHg) at 1 week, and 15.4 mmHg (range 10-20 mmHg) at 1 month postoperatively. On the first postoperative day, IOP was below 10 mmHg (between 6 and 9 mmHg) in 12 eyes (16.9%). In these eyes, IOP was normalized within 1 week without affecting the visual outcome. Five eyes (7%) had transient increase of IOP controlled by topical antiglaucomatous medications. Vitreous washout using 25-gauge TSV system was performed in two eyes, in which vitreous hemorrhage recurred. CONCLUSIONS: The TSV system was observed to be feasible, effective, and safe for a variety of vitre o retinal diseases. This minimally invasive and completely sutureless (transconjunctival) technique appears to decrease the convalescence period, operating time, and postoperative inflammatory response, and improve patient comfort.