MNP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的：研究MNP方案（丝裂霉素、异长春花碱、顺铂）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法：91例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者接受MNP方案化疗，MMC 6mg/m^2静脉推注，d1,NVB 25 mg/m^2-30mg/m^2静脉推注d1,d8,DDP 40mg-50mg静脉点滴d1-3。结果：所有患者完全缓解（CR）3例，部分缓解（PR）41例，无变化（NC）43例，进展（PD）4例，总有效率48．4％，中位缓解期8．5月，中位生存期10．8月，1a生存期43．3％，其副反应主要为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应。结论：用MNP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌效率较高，值得临床推广。     

NP方案治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的：观察国产去甲长春花碱(盖诺)联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法：用NP方案：盖诺25mg／m^2d118，DDP20mg/m^2d1～5。21天为1周期，至少治疗2周期。治疗35例非小细胞肺癌。结果：OR45．4％，毒副反应从白细胞减少和恶心呕吐为常见。结论：盖诺联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效明显，耐受性好。     

盖诺联合顺铂化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

目的：观察国产去甲长春花碱（盖诺）联合顺铂化疗治疗38例非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法：盖诺25mg/m^2第1，8天静脉滴注；DDP100mg/m^2，第1-3天静脉滴注，21天为1周期，连用2-3个周期。结果：CRO例，PR15例，SD18例，PD5例，有效率39.5%，毒副作用主要是白细胞下降和恶心呕吐。结论：盖诺联用顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效明显、耐受性好，可作为一线用药。     

金喜素联合顺铂治疗晚期非细胞肺癌32例疗效观察

目的：评价金喜素与顺铂联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应。方法：金喜素1mg／m^2，静脉点滴，第1．5天；DDP25mg／m^2。静脉点滴，第1—4天；每21—28天重复为一周期，连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果：CR1例，PR14例，总有效率CR＋PR46．9％。本案的主要毒副反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论：金喜素联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌是一个安全、有效、经济的化疗方案，值得临床进一步探索。     

诺维苯加顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌21例疗效分析

目的：观察诺维苯加顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法：诺维苯(NVB)25mg／m^2第1、8天用，顺铂(DDP)25mg／m^2第2～4天用。结果：有效率(CR PR)达42．9％(9／12)，毒性反应表现为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论：NVB DDP治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效肯定，毒性反应可以耐受，可以作为一线化疗方案。     

微量泵持续静注去甲长春碱治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察及护理

目的 观察去甲长春碱（NVB）加顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效。方法 改变使用方法和减少NVB剂量，使用有效畅通的静脉通路，及时进行临床观察及护理。结果 减轻了毒副反应，提高了疗效。结论 微量泵持续清注NVB加顺铂（DDP）治疗非小细胞肺癌，毒副反应明显减少。     

长春瑞宾联合顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂在治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的比较

目的：观察长春瑞宾分别联合顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效、安全性及毒副反应。方法：全部156例经病理学和／或细胞学证实的Ⅲb～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者，年龄在35～79岁，Karnofsky评分为≥70分；给予盖诺25mg／m^2静脉推注，第1、8天，顺铂75mg～80mg／m^2，分为第1、2、3天静脉滴注，每3周重复。2周期后评价疗效与毒副反应。结果：156例患者中，完全缓解（CR）5例，部分缓解（PR）67例，稳定（SD）41例，进展（PD）43例；总有效率为46．1％。长春瑞滨联合顺铂组有效率为48．4％。部分缓解率为45．2％；长春瑞宾联合卡铂组有效率为47．2％，部分缓解率43．3％；长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂组有效率为41．5％。部分缓解率为39％，各组近期疗效比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制．胃肠道反应及神经毒性。结论：长春瑞宾分别联合顺铂／卡铂／奥沙利铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效无明显差异。     

艾素联合顺铂治疗30例晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的：观察艾素(国产多西紫杉醇)联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法：对经病理学或细胞学证实的30例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者给予艾素与顺铂联合治疗，其中艾素75mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天，顺铂40mg，静脉滴注，第1～3天、21d为一周期，每例患者治疗两周期以上。结果：全组完全缓解1例，部分缓解13例，稳定10例，进展6例，总有效率为46．7％。初治组有效率为60％，复治组有效率为33．3％。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制，Ⅲ Ⅳ度白细胞和血小板下降率分别为26．7％和10％，其余毒副反应均轻微可耐受。结论：多西紫杉醇联合顺铂一线治疗或二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌均有较好的疗效，毒性可以耐受，可作为非小细胞肺癌的临床一线化疗方案。     

盖诺联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的护理

总结了21例用盖诺（NVB）联合顺铂（DDP）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的护理，主要包括化疗前心理护理、用药时选择静脉、药物外渗护理、毒副反应的护理等，认为盖诺联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胸肺癌疗效肯定，毒副反应可以预防和治疗。     

长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌71例分析

目的：观察长春瑞滨（NVB）联合顺铂（DDP）治疗71例晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和不良反应。方法：NVB25mg／m^2静脉注射第1，8天，DDP25mg／m^2第1～3天静脉滴注，21d为一周期，连用2～4个周期。结果：CR12例、PR28例、SD21例、PD9例。总有效率55．6％，毒性反应为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应，Ⅲ、Ⅳ度白细胞下降率为22．85％，无治疗相关性死亡。结论：NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC的有效率较高，不良反应中等，可作为治疗NSCLC的一线方案。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.