我国0～6岁儿童血铅水平及流行特征分析

目的描述我国自2008年以来0~6岁儿童整体血铅水平及分布特征,探讨其发展趋势,为进一步开展儿童血铅防治研究提供参考依据。方法以中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方、维普数据库为检索数据源,按照纳入标准收集并筛选国内2008年1月-2012年12月期间公开发表的关于儿童血铅研究的中文文献,进行分析。结果通过对27个省(市)涉及28万人所作的调查分析表明,近5年来我国0~6岁儿童的平均血铅水平为63.15μg/L,平均铅中毒率为12.31%;在27个省(市)中,除陕西省的平均血铅水平超过了100μg/L之外,其他省市均在100μg/L以下;男童血铅水平和铅中毒率均高于女童;0~5岁儿童血铅均值随年龄增加而升高,6~7岁时有所下降,铅中毒率在0~6岁时随年龄增加而增大。结论 2008年以来我国儿童血铅水平有了明显的改善,但与发达国家相比仍有显著差距,儿童铅中毒的预防任重而道远。     

重庆大足区3～6岁儿童血铅水平 及其铅中毒相关因素分析

摘要:目的　研究大足地区3～6岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒的危险因素。方法　采用BH2101S型钨舟原子吸收光谱分析仪对本地区8个乡镇幼儿园的3～6岁儿童血铅水平进行检测,同时进行问卷调查,分析不同性别、年龄段及地区3～6岁儿童血铅值及铅中毒发生率,并对升高血铅的危险因素进行筛选。结果　1 393名3～6岁儿童血铅平均值为（54.96±26.81）μg/L,铅中毒儿童772名,中毒率为55.42%,男童血铅水平明显高于女童（P＜0.05）,各年龄段及各地区儿童血铅水平有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,其中以三驱镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率最高。致使儿童血铅升高的危险因素主要有父母从事工作与铅相关、常接触富铅物品、常进食富铅食物、家庭住房最近装修过,补充锌钙制剂是血铅升高的保护因素。结论　重庆大足地区3～6岁儿童血铅水平与中国其他城市相似,需针对致使血铅水平升高的因素采取有效的措施防控铅中毒。     

合肥市城区5702名0～6岁儿童血铅水平调查分析

目的了解2007-2010年合肥市0～6岁儿童血铅水平、分布特征及变化情况,为临床防治儿童铅中毒提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取门诊0～2岁儿童1 190名,幼儿园3～6岁儿童4 512名,总计抽取0～6岁儿童5 702名;采用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平。结果合肥市5 702名儿童血铅平均水平为（48.10±26.011）μg/L,高血铅检出率平均为2.37%;0～4岁组儿童高血铅检出率为2.00%,5～6岁组高血铅检出率为3.30%,两组间检出率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=11.779,P〈0.05）;男童高血铅检出率为3.00%,女童高血铅检出率为1.30%,男女性别差异有统计学意义（χ^2=16.626,P〈0.05）。结论合肥市儿童的血铅水平低于我国中西部和北方部分城市,高于南方发达城市,应加强对环境干预和对儿童、家长的铅中毒防控的健康教育,定期开展对0～6岁儿童血铅水平监测。     

2016-2017年泉州地区儿童血铅状况的回顾性分析

目的回顾分析2016-2017年泉州地区儿童血铅含量及铅中毒情况,为泉州地区的儿童健康与防治铅中毒提供临床依据。方法收集2016-2017年在泉州市儿童医院体检血铅项目的 0～14岁儿童共10 426例,采用阳极伏安溶出法检测血铅水平,比较不同年份、不同性别、不同年龄铅中毒情况,为泉州地区儿童铅中毒的防治提供数据基础。结果 2016-2017年10 426例儿童中,2016年铅中毒率为2. 93%,其中1月份铅中毒率最高(5. 43%); 2017年铅中毒率为3. 46%,以11月份铅中毒率最高(8. 54%),12月份为8. 46%,1月份为4. 15%,且2017年空气质量指数(AQI)高于2016年。血铅≥100μg/L的331例患儿中,2～6岁学龄前儿童铅中毒率(3. 75%)高于0～1岁组和≥7岁组儿童(P>0. 05),1岁以下婴儿也达到37例,其中,男童的血铅水平为(190. 40±5. 44)μg/L,女童的血铅水平为(210. 10±11. 04)μg/L,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论在研究泉州市儿童血铅状况中,低温环境、AQI和年龄可能与铅中毒有关系,2～6岁儿童铅中毒率最高,男女童血铅中毒水平无明显差异,铅对儿童的危害性不容忽视,应对2～6岁儿童多加关注,同时血铅应作为孕母及儿童的常规体检项目。     

广州市某医疗机构体检儿童血铅水平调查

[目的]调查广州市0～14岁儿童血铅水平,为防治儿童铅中毒提供科学依据。[方法]收集2010年1月至2011年6月在广东省中医院就诊的0～14岁儿童1517名血铅资料,按照年龄划分为3组：〈3岁、3～7岁及〉7岁儿童组。采用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅含量。[结果]0～14岁儿童血铅均值为57.05μg/L;血铅≥100μg/L者39例,占调查人数的2.57%。不同年龄组间儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;3～14岁年龄段男童血铅水平明显高于女童（P〈0.05）。[结论]本次调查儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率较低。但铅对儿童健康的潜在风险不能忽视,应加强儿童铅中毒防治健康教育。     

慈溪市4606例儿童血铅调查分析

目的了解慈溪市2岁~6岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒状况,为预防儿童铅中毒提供科学依据。方法对2012年-2015年健康体检的4 606例儿童采用BH2100钨舟原子吸收法测定血铅含量,比较不同性别、年龄和年份之间的差异。结果所接受检查的4 606例儿童血铅平均值为40.60μg/L,其中血铅含量≥100μg/L的有134例,占2.91%;不同年龄儿童的血铅水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而高血铅检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);男童血铅水平略高于女童,但不同性别儿童血铅水平及高血铅检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2012年-2015年儿童血铅水平及高血铅率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且呈上升趋势。结论慈溪市儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率处于全国中等水平且有上升趋势,应采取有效措施降低儿童铅中毒状况。     

宿州市0～15岁儿童血铅水平分析

目的了解宿州市0～15岁儿童的血铅水平,为防治儿童铅中毒提供科学依据。方法选择2008年1月-2009年4月在皖北煤电集团总医院就诊的4113名宿州市0～15岁儿童进行血铅水平测定。结果儿童血铅均值为(53.05±19.44)μg/L,平均铅中毒率为1.8%。男童血铅均值和铅中毒率均显著高于女童(P值均0.01),学龄前和学龄儿童血铅水平显著高于婴幼儿(P0.01),学龄前儿童铅中毒率高于其他年龄组(P值均0.05)。结论宿州市学龄前和学龄儿童是铅中毒防治的重点人群。     

广东省梅州地区0～6岁儿童血铅浓度检测结果分析

[目的]了解广东梅州地区儿童的血铅水平以及铅中毒率,为该地区预防儿童铅中毒提供依据。[方法]应用ICP2MS法对2009年1～12月在某妇幼医院进行常规体检的该地区2650例6岁以下儿童的血铅含量进行测定。[结果]2560名儿童的血铅浓度水平范围为12.56～198.56μg/L,平均值为66.58μg/L,标准差为24.31μg/L,其中男童血铅水平为(71.23±25.23)μg/L,女童血铅水平为(60.67±22.23)μg/L,男女童之间血铅水平差异有统计学意义,各年龄组之间血铅水平分布差异有统计学意义。铅中毒儿童共400例,总检出率为15.63%,其中男童铅中毒率为20.59%,女童铅中毒率为10.00%,男女童之间差异有统计学意义,各年龄组之间铅中毒率分布差异有统计学意义。儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率随年龄的增大呈上升趋势。[结论]本地区儿童血铅浓度低于全国平均水平,铅中毒有一定检出率;随着年龄的增大,儿童血铅浓度及铅中毒率均呈增高趋势,应重视儿童铅中毒的预防。     

我国儿童血铅水平分析研究

目的描述我国儿童血铅整体水平及分布特征。方法通过计算机检索《中国生物医学文献数据库》及相关文献追溯等途径熏收集国内1994-2004年3月公开发表的关于儿童血铅研究的论文熏从中选择用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GFAAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP鄄MS)检测血铅,并有严格质量控制报告且研究样本量大于100的文献进行综合分析。结果32篇文献被纳入研究,分析结果表明,我国儿童血铅平均值为92.9μg/L(37.2～254.2μg/L),有33.8%(9.6%～80.5%)的儿童血铅平均水平超过100μg/L;在所报道的27个省、自治区或直辖市中,有9个省、自治区或直辖市儿童血铅平均水平超过100μg/L;山西、河南、四川等地区儿童血铅平均水平及铅中毒率较高,其中山西省儿童血铅平均水平及铅中毒率最高,分别为172.5μg/L和70.6%;湖南省最低,儿童血铅平均值及铅中毒率分别为42.4μg/L和10.1%;男、女儿童的血铅平均值分别为96.4μg/L和89.4μg/L,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);0～6岁儿童血铅水平随年龄增大而增加;居住在工业区和市区儿童的血铅水平高于郊区和农村儿童。结论我国儿童血铅水平较高,铅污染可能是影响我国儿童的生长发育的潜在环境因素之一。     

广东省部分地区3～14岁儿童血铅水平调查

目的 了解广东省3～14岁儿童血铅水平.方法 对2002年广东省居民膳食营养与健康状况调查资料进行分层、整群随机抽样,共调查来自广州市越秀区、深圳市宝安区、肇庆市端州区、韶关北江区、河源市连平县3～14岁常住儿童1 905人.采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法进行血铅含量的测定.结果 3～14岁儿童血铅均值为69.55 μg/L,血铅值≥100 μg/L的儿童占调查人数的16.4%.不同地区的儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率存在差异,韶关地区3～14岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率均最高.3岁组儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率最高.男童血铅水平比女童高.结论 经济不发达的中小城市及农村儿童的血铅水平及铅中毒率均较高.     

Blood lead levels in children, China

To evaluate Chinese children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features, we collected articles on children's BLLs published from 1994 to March 2004 using the Chinese Biomedical Disc and reviewed 32 articles eligible for the following criteria: (1) BLLs measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live; and (4) sample size bigger than 100. We found that mean BLLs of Chinese children was 92.9 microg/L (37.2-254.2 microg/L), and 33.8% (9.6-80.5%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 microg/L. Nine of the 27 provinces or cities reported had average BLLs 100 microg/L. Boys' BLL was 96.4 microg/L, significantly higher than girls' 89.4 microg/L (P<0.001). BLLs of children 6 years increased with age. The mean BLLs of children living in industrial and urban areas were significantly higher than those of children in suburbs and rural areas. Our results suggested that children's BLLs in China are higher than those of their counterparts in other countries due to its heavy lead pollution. Therefore, this is of great public health importance.     

南京市7～12岁儿童血铅水平状况调查

目的了解南京市7～12岁儿童血铅水平状况。方法对南京市1 113名7～12岁儿童血铅水平进行调查,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行检测。结果南京市儿童血铅均值为36.90μg/L,铅中毒率为1.8%;血铅水平男童为39.07μg/L,女童为34.55μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄组儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论南京市7～12岁儿童血铅平均水平及中毒率低于全国,但仍需通过环境治理及监管降低环境铅水平,同时加强健康宣传教育,提高儿童及家长防护意识。     

鞍山市儿童血铅水平状况调查

目的了解鞍山市3~6岁儿童铅中毒情况并探讨血铅水平与不同地区、年龄、性别的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取鞍山市5所托幼机构的3~6岁408名学龄前儿童（男孩217名,女孩192名）,用石墨炉法测定血铅,并对其父母进行相关知识问卷调查。结果鞍山市不同地区幼儿园间儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。男孩与女孩在同年龄组间血铅水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但不同年龄组男孩的血铅水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论目前鞍山市儿童铅中毒问题比较严重,应采取行之有效的干预措施。     

Elevated blood lead levels in refugee children--New Hampshire, 2003-2004

As a result of reductions in lead hazards and improved screening practices, blood lead levels (BLLs) in children aged 1-5 years are decreasing in the United States. However, the risk for elevated BLLs (> or =10 microg/dL) remains high for certain populations, including refugees. After the death of a Sudanese refugee child from lead poisoning in New Hampshire in 2000, the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (NHDHHS) developed lead testing guidelines to screen and monitor refugee children. These guidelines recommend 1) capillary blood lead testing for refugee children aged 6 months-15 years within 3 months after arrival in New Hampshire, 2) follow-up venous testing of children aged <6 years within 3-6 months after initial screening, and 3) notation of refugee status on laboratory slips for first tests. In 2004, routine laboratory telephone reports of elevated BLLs to the New Hampshire Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (NHCLPPP) called attention to a pattern of elevated BLLs among refugee children. To develop prevention strategies, NHDHHS analyzed NHCLPPP and Manchester Health Department (MHD) data, focusing on the 37 African refugee children with elevated BLLs on follow-up for whom complete data were available. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that 1) follow-up blood lead testing is useful to identify lead exposure that occurs after resettlement and 2) refugee children in New Hampshire older than those routinely tested might have elevated BLLs. Refugee children in all states should be tested for lead poisoning on arrival and several months after initial screening to assess exposure after resettlement.     

Identifying housing that poisons: a critical step in eliminating childhood lead poisoning.

The purpose of our study was to develop a method to identify and prioritize "high-risk" buildings in Chicago that could be targeted for childhood lead poisoning prevention activities. We defined "high-risk" buildings as those where multiple children younger than 6 years with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) had lived and where lead hazards were previously identified on environmental inspection. By linking 1997-2003 Chicago elevated blood lead surveillance, environmental inspection, and building footprint data, we found that 49,362 children younger than 6 years with elevated BLLs lived at 30,742 buildings. Of those, 67 were "high-risk" buildings and these were associated with 994 children with elevated BLLs. On average, 15 children with elevated BLLs had lived in each building (range: 10-53, median: 13). Almost two thirds (n = 43) of the high-risk buildings had two or more referrals for inspection to the same apartment or housing unit; of those, 40 percent (n = 17) failed to maintain lead-safe status after compliance. Linking blood lead surveillance, environmental inspection, and building footprint databases allowed us to identify individual high-risk buildings. This approach prioritizes lead hazard control efforts and may help health, housing, and environmental agencies in targeting limited resources to increase lead-safe housing for children.     

锌原卟啉作为环境铅污染人群筛查指标的可行性研究

目的探讨红细胞锌原卟啉（ZPP）应用于人群接触环境铅污染筛查指标的可行性。方法以紫金县某电池厂附近常住居民为调查对象,采集被调查者静脉血2～3 mL,采用血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定ZPP、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅。儿童以血铅含量≥100μg/L、成年人以≥400μg/L为慢性铅中毒判定标准。结果共调查946名居民,其中1～13岁儿童174人、16～87岁成年人772人。儿童血铅含量超标率为14.9%（26/174）,儿童ZPP含量中位数为0.780μmol/L,血铅中位数为47.675μg/L,儿童ZPP含量与血铅含量的相关关系没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。成人血铅含量超标率为9.5%（73/772）,成人ZPP含量中位数为0.740μmol/L,血铅中位数为69.572μg/L,成人ZPP含量与血铅含量呈弱相关关系（r=0.344,P〈0.05）。儿童血铅高水平组（血铅≥100μg/L）ZPP含量与血铅含量呈较强的相关关系（r=0.530,P〈0.05）,儿童血铅低水平组（血铅〈100μg/L）ZPP含量与血铅含量的相关关系没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。成人血铅高水平组（血铅≥400μg/L）和低水平组（血铅〈400μg/L）的ZPP含量与血铅含量均具有相关关系（r分别为0.566、0.142,均P〈0.05）。结论成人血铅或儿童血铅水平较高时,ZPP可以作为环境铅污染人群筛查的指标。     

二巯基丁二酸治疗慢性中度铅中毒的实验研究

目的 探讨二巯基丁二酸(又名二巯琥珀酸,DMSA)治疗慢性中度铅中毒幼兔的驱铅效果.方法 24 只离乳(45 d)雄性健康新西兰幼兔,数字表法随机分为治疗组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,每组8只,经消化道染铅(醋酸铅,每天5 mg/kg) 6周复制中度铅中毒动物模型,然后给予DMSA 驱铅治疗,第1周每天给DMSA 1050 mg/m2 体表面积,然后改为每天700 mg/m2 体表面积连续2周,停药3周,每周采集血液和尿液,12周后杀死并取海马、睾丸、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和脾脏.用原子吸收分光光谱仪测定血铅,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测尿铅和组织脏器铅,光学显微镜(简称光镜)下观察组织脏器的组织结构.结果 与阳性对照组(PG)相比,DMSA 治疗组(TG)的幼兔展尿铅浓度增加显著,从治疗前的(40.97±1.77)μg/L 显著增加至达到峰值 (1246.96±157.91)μg/L,然后逐步减少,第1周两组相比差异有统计学意义(F=2934.35,P＜0.01),三组间相比较差异均具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);同时血铅水平(blood lead levels,BLLs)在用药后由治疗前的(429.63±10.82)μg/L,锐减到第3周停药时的(238.50±11.82)μg/L,停药后出现一过性反弹,然后再次降低;而PG的BLLs在同时期中呈现缓慢下降过程,到停药3周后为(149.88 4±11.39)μg/L,基本接近于TG的(135.50±7.09)μg/L.TG新西兰兔的组织脏器铅含量显著降低,体重增长明显加快,光镜下观察睾丸和肝脏的病理损伤有一定程度的改善.结论 DMSA 治疗慢性中度铅中毒幼兔,可以快速有效降低血铅和软组织铅,在短时间内减轻铅对组织脏器的毒性作用,使组织脏器的损伤随着机体铅负荷的降低而有所减轻,对铅毒性作用导致的生长发育落后有一定的改善作用.     

上海市推广使用无铅汽油对儿童血铅水平影响的追踪调查

目的　研究推广使用无铅汽油前后儿童血铅水平的动态变化规律。方法　 1997年 8～9月间 ,在上海市 5个区县 30所托幼机构 196 9名 1～ 6岁儿童进行了血铅水平抽样调查 ,然后于1998年 4～ 6月及 1999年 8～ 9月对相应人群进行血铅水平两次追踪调查。调查采用末梢血纸片法血铅测定方法。结果　上海市儿童血铅水平几何均数在推广无铅汽油前为 83μg/L ,推广无铅汽油后的 1998年为 80 μg/L ,1999年为 76 μg/L ,与前一年相比血铅水平的变化均有显著意义 (t值分别为2 .2 190、4 .4 5 76 ,P值分别小于 0 .0 5和 0 .0 1) ;超过目前国际公认的儿童铅中毒诊断标准 (10 0 μg/L)的比例也由使用无铅汽油前的 37.8%下降到 1999年的 2 4 .8% ,差异有非常显著性 (u =8.82 4 7,P <0 .0 1)。儿童血铅水平几何均数下降幅度徐汇区为 10 μg/L、静安区 11μg/L、杨浦区 6 μg/L、嘉定区4 μg/L、崇明县 2 μg/L。 结论　推广使用无铅汽油可降低儿童的血铅水平。     

Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning in children and caregivers in Chuuk State, Micronesia

Lead poisoning is a preventable environmental disease. Children and developing fetuses are especially vulnerable; even low blood lead levels (BLLs) are linked with learning and behavioral problems. We assessed children's and their caregivers' BLLs and risk factors for lead exposure in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia. Children aged 2-6 years were randomly selected within 20 randomly selected villages. Children and caregivers provided venous blood, and caregivers offered information about possible risk factors for lead exposure. Mean BLLs were 39 microg/l for children and 16 microg/l for caregivers. Children with BLLs of > or = 100 microg/l (elevated) were 22.9 (95% CI: 4.5-116.0) times more likely to have a caregiver with an elevated BLL, 6.2 (95% CI: 1.4-27.3) times more likely to live on an outer island, and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7-6.9) times more likely to have a family member who made lead fishing weights than did other children even after controlling for age and sex. For children, 61% of elevated BLLs could be attributed to making fishing weights. Caregivers with elevated BLLs were 5.9 (95% CI: 1.5-23.7) times more likely to live in a household that melted batteries than other caregivers even after controlling for age and education. For caregivers, 37% of the elevated BLLs could be attributed to melting batteries. The association of elevated BLLs in children and their caregiver suggests a common environmental exposure. Melting batteries to make fishing sinkers is a preventable source of lead exposure for children and their caregivers in Chuuk. Published by Elsevier GmbH.     

中国农村地区儿童血铅水平分析

目的 描述中国农村儿童血铅总体水平及分布特征,为改善农村铅污染状况提供依据.方法 通过计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库及相关文献追溯等途径,依照严格的入选标准收集并筛选国内1994-2008年10月公开发表的关于农村儿童血铅水平研究的文献进行分析.结果 我国农村儿童血铅均值为74.93μg/L(范围:41.14～193.54μg/L),铅中毒率为19.32%(范围:2.2%～43%).禁止含铅汽油使用后儿童血铅从87.53μg/L降至71.16μg/L(u=7.13,P<0.01),禁止含铅汽油使用前后农村儿童血铅水平均低于同时期全国儿童血铅水平.调整无铅汽油使用的影响后,北京、山东农村儿童血铅均值较高.分别为99.16和92.13μg/L;吉林、河北较低,分别为41.14和56.14μg/L;18篇文献的综合分析显示,农村儿童和城市儿童的血铅均值分别为77.90和87.24 μg/L(u=3.73,P<0.01);8篇文献的综合分析显示,农村儿童和工业区儿童血铅均值分别为70.25和80.86μg/L(u=10.00.P<0.01).结论 农村地区儿童血铅水平低于全国总体水平,低于城市和工业区儿童血铅水平,推广无铅汽油后农村儿童血铅水平有了明显改善.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate Chinese rural children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features and to provide data for policy development to the prevention of rural environmental lead pollution. Methods The papers on rural children's BLLs published from 1994 to Oct. 2008 were collected by using CNKI's (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journal Full-test Database and other ways. The papers which were eligible for the following criteria were reviewed:(l) BLLs measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite or others) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no local lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live in; (4) children aged from 0 to 14 years old; (5)sample size more than 40. Results Analysis on the included 32 papers indicated that, the mean BLLs of Chinese rural children between 1994 and 2008 was 74.93μg/L (range:41.14-193.54 μg/L)and 19.32%(range:2.2%-43%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 μg/L. The rural children's BLLs changed from 87.53 μg/Lto 71.16 μg/L after the use of lead free gasoline in 2000 in China, which were both lower than the general children's BBLs before 2000 and after 2001. The children in Beijing city and Shandong province showed the highest mean BLLs , with 99.16 μg/L and 92.13 μg/L respectively; while the children in Jilin province and Hebei province showed the lowest levels, with 41.14 μg/L and 56.14 μg/L respectively. The comprehensive analysis of 18 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and urban areas were 77.90 μg/L and 87.24μg/L respectively (u=3.73, P<0.01 ). The comprehensive analysis of 8 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and industrial areas were 70.25 μg/Land 80.86 μg/L respectively(u=10.00,P<0.01). Conclusion The BLLs of rural children in China are lower than the general levels of children in China, and also lower than urban areas and industrial areas. Promoting lead free gasoline can make a considerable decrease in the blood lead levels of rural children.