掌跖角化牙周病综合征一例及组织蛋白酶C基因突变检测

目的 探讨掌跖角化牙周病综合征患者组织蛋白酶C基因（CTSC）突变的特点。 方法 收集1例掌跖角化牙周病综合征患者的临床资料,采集患者及其父母的外周静脉血各2 ml,同时取100例健康人的静脉血2 ml作为对照。以提取的DNA作为模板,用成对的外显子特异性引物对患者的CTSC基因的全部7个外显子进行PCR扩增后直接测序,检测患者CTSC基因的突变情况。 结果 患者的CTSC基因存在复合型杂合突变,外显子6内第824位碱基C被T置换（c.824C > T）,此突变导致CTSC基因第275位氨基酸密码子由ACC替换为ATC,其编码的氨基酸由苏氨酸替换为异亮氨酸（p.T275I）;外显子7内第1040位碱基A被G置换（c.1040A ＞ G）,导致CTSC基因第347位氨基酸密码子由TAT替换为TGT,其编码的氨基酸由酪氨酸变为半胱氨酸（p.Y347C）。其中c.824C > T突变是CTSC基因的新突变位点。患者父亲和母亲分别为c.824C > T和c.1040A ＞ G杂合突变。100例健康对照中未发现CTSC基因c.824C > T和c.1040A ＞ G突变。 结论 CTSC基因突变是导致掌跖角化牙周病综合征临床表型的致病原因,c.824C > T突变扩大了CTSC基因的突变谱,为掌跖角化牙周病综合征的基因诊断提供了依据。     

先天性大疱性鱼鳞病样红皮病角蛋白10的新发突变

目的: 检测1例先天性大疱性鱼鳞病样红皮病患者KRT1和KRT10基因突变.方法: 提取患者及其家人外周血DNA,PCR扩增KRT1和KRT10基因编码区的全部外显子及其侧翼序列并测序,以100名正常人作对照.结果: 该患者KRT10基因第1号外显子中的第466位碱基发生C→T杂合突变(c.C466T),导致其编码第156位氨基酸发生错义突变(p.R156C),患者父母、妹妹及正常对照均未发现该突变,提示其为新发突变.结论: KRT10基因的c.C466T错义突变可能为引起该患者临床表型的病因.     

弹性假黄色瘤一例ABCC6基因突变分析

目的 报告1例弹性假黄色瘤,并检测ABCC6基因突变情况。方法 分析1例弹性假黄色瘤先证者的临床资料,并收集其父母、儿子及100例无亲缘关系的健康对照的外周血,提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增ABCC6基因编码区31个外显子,并进行DNA直接测序与ABCC6编码蛋白质功能预测。结果 先证者父母及儿子表型均正常。基因突变分析显示,先证者存在ABCC6基因c.373G > A（p.E125K）和c.3703C > T（p.R1235W）的复合杂合突变,先证者母亲为c.3703C > T（p.R1235W）杂合突变携带者,先证者父亲和儿子为c.373G > A（p.E125K）杂合突变携带者,而100例无亲缘关系的健康对照均未检测到该两种突变。物种间序列比对分析发现,ABCC6编码蛋白质第125位谷氨酸和第1235位精氨酸为进化高度保守的序列,SIFT和Polyphen?2软件预测c.373G > A（p.E125K）和c.3703C > T（p.R1235W）突变为有害变异位点。结论 ABCC6基因c.373G > A（p.E125K）和c.3703C > T（p.R1235W）的复合杂合突变可能是该例弹性假黄色瘤患者发病的原因。     

遗传性对称性色素异常症两家系ADAR基因的突变

目的检测两个遗传性对称性色素异常症家系ADAR基因的突变情况。方法收集患者临床资料,提取外周血DNA,采用PCR扩增ADAR基因编码区的全部外显子及其侧翼序列并测序。并以50例无关正常人作为对照。结果两个家系的患者中分别发现ADAR基因第5号外显子中的第2038位后插入两个碱基C(c.2038insCC)及ADAR基因3号外显子第1643位碱基缺失一个碱基C(c.1643delC)的杂合突变,分别导致编码氨基酸发生两种新的移码突变(p.A679fs,p.P547fs→564X),家系正常人及50例健康对照者均未发现相应突变。结论ADAR基因的c.2038insCC及c.1643delC移码突变可能为引起这两个家系患者临床表型的病因。     

Bjornstad综合征致病BCS1L基因的新发突变位点研究

【摘要】 目的 检测1例以先天性头发扭曲和感音性听力丧失为主要表现的Bj-rnstad综合征（扭曲发综合征）患者的致病基因BCS1L的突变情况。方法 收集患者临床资料,提取患者及其父母的外周血DNA,PCR扩增BCS1L基因全部外显子及侧翼序列并进行Sanger测序,测序结果与正常序列进行比对;取患者头发进行扫描电镜检查。结果 患者BCS1L基因存在2处突变：①第4号外显子上存在杂合无义突变,即第144位密码子CGA→TGA,导致其编码氨基酸序列由精氨酸变为终止密码子（p.R144*）,此为BCS1L基因突变导致Bj-rnstad综合征新发现的致病突变位点,属国际首例;②第8号外显子上存在杂合错义突变,即第306位密码子CGC→CAC,导致其编码氨基酸序列由精氨酸变为组氨酸（p.R306H）。患者母亲仅在BCS1L基因第4号外显子发生c.430 C>T杂合突变（p.R144*）,患者父亲仅在BCS1L基因第8号外显子发生c.917 G>A杂合突变（p.R306H）。扫描电镜显示,患者发干以不规则的间隔出现扁平、沟槽和沿长轴的扭曲。结论 首次报道BCS1L基因第144位密码子CGA→TGA导致的编码终止为该基因突变导致Bj-rnstad综合征的新发突变位点,BCS1L基因复合杂合突变与患者的临床表现相关,基因检测有助于Bj-rnstad综合征的诊断。     

常染色体隐性遗传念珠状发一例及其家系基因突变研究

目的 报道国内首例常染色体隐性遗传念珠状发,对患者及其父母桥粒芯糖蛋白4编码基因（DSG4）进行突变研究。 方法 抽取1例念珠状发患儿及其父母外周血,提取血液基因组DNA,同时取100例健康汉族人基因组DNA样品作对照,采用PCR方法扩增DSG4基因16个外显子,并对产物进行测序分析。 结果 患儿DSG4基因存在2个杂合突变,突变1为第8外显子移位突变c.837delA（p.E280Rfs*4）,突变2为第16外显子无义突变c.2389C > T（p.R797*）。对其父母的基因分析证明,突变1来自其父亲,突变2来自其母亲。100例健康对照均未发现该杂合突变。 结论 DSG4基因的2个杂合突变c.837delA（p.E280Rfs*4）和c.2389C > T（p.R797*）导致该常染色体隐性遗传念珠状发家系的临床表型,2个突变均导致DSG4基因翻译的提前终止。     

1例遗传性对称性色素异常症患者ADAR基因突变研究

目的检测1例散发性遗传性对称性色素异常症患者ADAR基因的突变情况。方法收集患者临床资料,提取外周血DNA,采用PCR扩增ADAR基因编码区的全部外显子及其侧翼序列并测序。并以50例无关正常人作为对照。结果该患者ADAR基因第4号外显子中的第1798位碱基发生C→T杂合突变(c.C1798T),导致其编码第600位氨基酸发生无义突变(p.Q600X),患者父母、妹妹及50例无关正常人均未发现该突变。结论ADAR基因的Q600X无义突变可能为引起该患者临床表型的病因。     

长岛型掌跖角化病二例SERPINB7基因突变研究

目的 报告2例长岛型掌跖角化病,确定其致病基因突变。 方法 收集患者及其父母外周血和临床资料,提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增SERPINB7基因8个外显子及其侧翼序列,对扩增产物进行DNA测序以查找基因突变位点,并以200例无关健康人DNA作为对照进行扩增测序。 结果 2例患者均存在SERPINB7基因c.796C > T纯合突变,导致编码蛋白质第266位氨基酸出现终止改变（p.R266*）,其父母均为c.796C > T杂合突变,而无关健康对照未发现上述突变。 结论 SERPINB7基因的c.796C > T突变可能是引起2例患者长岛型掌跖角化病的原因。     

斑驳病并发多发性咖啡斑1例KIT基因突变检测

目的:检测1例斑驳病并发多发性咖啡斑患者的KIT基因突变情况。方法:收集患者临床资料,提取患者外周血DNA,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增KRT5、KRT14、ABCB6、POFUT1、POGLUT1及KIT基因编码区的全部外显子及其侧翼序列并测序,明确突变位点。结果:Sanger测序发现该例患者KIT基因14号外显子的第2017位碱基发生T→G杂合突变(c.2017TG),导致其编码第673位氨基酸发生错义突变(p.C673G)。其余上述基因均未发现致病性突变。结论:该例患者最终确诊为KIT基因突变导致的斑驳病,基因检测是确诊临床表现不典型的色素遗传性疾病的重要方法。     

先天性大疱性鱼鳞病样红皮病一例KRT1及KRT10基因突变检测

目的：对先天性大疱性鱼鳞病样红皮病一例散发患者进行KRT1及KRT10基因的突变分析。方法：收集临床资料,提取外周血DNA,采用PCR技术扩增KRT1及KRT10基因的编码区及侧翼序列,用Sanger法测序检测潜在的基因突变,选取与患者无亲缘关系的100名健康人作为对照。结果：该患者KRT10检测出第1号外显子中第467位碱基发生G→A杂合突变（c.467G>A）,导致其编码的第156号氨基酸发生错义突变（p.R156H）。患者父母及正常对照均未发现该突变。KRT1基因未检测到突变。结论：KRT10基因的错义突变c.467G>A可能与该患者发病有关。     

不伴竹节发的不典型迟发Netherton综合征一例

【摘要】 患者女,24岁,因躯干、四肢反复起环状红斑、鳞屑伴瘙痒9年就诊。皮损组织病理：角化过度伴灶性角化不全,角层内中性粒细胞聚集,角层下水疱,真皮浅中层血管周围淋巴细胞伴少量嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞浸润。直接免疫荧光：IgG、IgM、IgA、C3均为阴性。全外显子测序SPINK5基因显示,第25号外显子发生c.2423 C＞T（p.T808I）错义变异,第31号外显子c.2965?1G＞A剪切位点变异,二者构成的复合杂合关系可能是患者罹患Netherton综合征的原因。结合临床表现及基因检测结果,诊断为Netherton综合征。     

A Japanese infant with localized ichthyosis linearis circumflexa on the palms and soles harbouring a compound heterozygous mutation in the SPINK5 gene

We report a 6-month-old Japanese boy showing ichthyosis linearis circumflexa localized on the palms and soles. He showed bamboo hairs and aminoaciduria, and was positive for cow's milk and egg IgE antibodies by radioallergosorbent tests. Trypsin-like hydrolytic activity in the patient's lesional stratum corneum showed an activity seven times higher than that in age-matched controls. DNA analysis showed that the patient harboured the compound heterozygous mutations R790X and 1220+1 G-->C in the SPINK5 gene, compatible with the diagnosis of Netherton syndrome (NS). As the genotype/phenotype correlations in NS have not yet been fully clarified, the position of the premature termination codon in the SPINK5 gene may contribute to explain such a mild form of NS in our patient.     

Carvajal综合征一例伴桥粒斑蛋白基因新突变

【摘要】 目的 对1例临床表现为羊毛状发,膝盖、掌跖角化性皮损,暂无心脏症状的患儿进行基因突变检测。方法 收集患儿及其父母的临床资料。提取患儿、其父母及100例无关健康对照者外周血DNA,采用二代皮肤靶向测序包检测患儿的基因突变,应用Sanger测序法进行验证。结果 患儿女,3岁,出生头发卷曲,8月龄出现掌跖角化并渐累及膝盖,其父母表型正常。测序发现,患儿桥粒斑蛋白（DSP）基因第23号外显子存在移码突变c.5152dupT（p.L1718Ffs*15）,DSP基因第24号外显子检测到无义突变c.C6478T（p.R2160X）。其母亲DSP基因第23号外显子亦存在c.5152dupT移码突变,但第24号外显子未检测到相关突变。其父亲及100例健康对照中均未检测到相关突变。诊断：Carvajal综合征。结论 该例Carvajal综合征患儿存在DSP基因复合杂合突变c.5152dupT（p.L1718Ffs*15）和c.C6478T（p.R2160X）,可能与其发病有关。     

Netherton syndrome in one Chinese adult with a novel mutation in the SPINK5 gene and immunohistochemical studies of LEKTI

Background:

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe autosomal recessive ichthyosis. It is characterized by congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, trichorrhexis invaginata, ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, atopic diathesis, and frequent bacterial infections. The disease is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 (serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5) gene, a new type of serine protease inhibitor involved in the regulation of skin barrier formation and immunity. We report one Chinese adult with NS. The patient had typical manifestation of NS except for trichorrhexis invaginata with an atopic diathesis and recurrent staphylococcal infections since birth.

Aims:

To evaluate the gene mutation and of its product activity of SPINK5 gene in confirmation of the diagnosis of one Chinese adult with NS.

Materials and Methods:

To screen mutations in the SPINK5 gene, 33 exons and flanking intron boundaries of SPINK5 were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and used for direct sequencing. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor) with specific antibody was used to confirm the diagnosis of NS. The results were compared with that of healthy individuals (twenty-five blood samples).

Results:

A G318A mutation was found at exon 5 of patient''s SPINK5 gene which is a novel missense mutation. The PCR amplification products with mutation-specific primer were obtained only from the DNA of the patients and their mother, but not from their father and 25 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemical studies indicated there was no LEKTI expression in NS patient''s skin and there was a strong LEKTI expression in the normal human skin.

Conclusion:

In this report, we describe heterozygous mutation in the SPINK5 gene and expression of LEKTI in one Chinese with NS. The results indicate that defective expression of LEKTI in the epidermis and mutations of SPINK5 gene are reliable for diagnostic feature of NS with atypical clinical symptoms.     

Netherton syndrome in two Japanese siblings with a novel mutation in the SPINK5 gene: immunohistochemical studies of LEKTI and other epidermal molecules

BACKGROUND: Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ichthyosiform erythroderma, bamboo hair and atopy. The disease is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene, which encodes a putative serine protease inhibitor, LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor). Previous studies have clearly shown a crucial role for LEKTI in skin barrier formation. OBJECTIVES: To identify pathogenic mutations in two Japanese siblings with NS, and further to investigate the consequences of the mutations at the protein level. METHODS: To screen for mutations in the SPINK5 gene, all of its exons and splice junctions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of LEKTI, desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and elafin was performed with their specific antibodies. RESULTS: Mutation analysis resulted in the identification of compound heterozygous mutations, Q713X and R790X, in the SPINK5 gene of both patients. The former one is a novel mutation. Immunohistochemical studies in one patient demonstrated a complete absence of LEKTI and a strong expression of elafin in the patient's skin. Dsg1 was normally expressed in our patient. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe compound heterozygous mutations in the SPINK5 gene in two Japanese siblings with NS. The result of immunohistochemistry shows LEKTI deficiency and upregulation of elafin in the skin of one patient. Furthermore, our data indicate that degradation of Dsg1 does not always occur in NS.     

New homozygous SPINK5 mutation, p.Gln333X, in a Turkish pedigree with Netherton syndrome

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SPINK5 gene. The clinical features include congenital ichthyosis, trichorrhexis invaginata and atopy. In this study, we report a new homozygous SPINK5 mutation, p.Gln333X, responsible for NS in affected members of two closely related Turkish families, and provide an overview of the genotype-phenotype correlation in this condition.     

An infant with Netherton syndrome and persistent pulmonary hypertension requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract:  Netherton syndrome is a rare genodermatosis characterized by ichthyosiform scaling, hair shaft abnormalities, and atopic features. Affected infants typically have delayed growth and development, immune abnormalities with recurrent infections, and intermittent aminoaciduria. We report a 23-day-old girl who presented with severe primary pulmonary hypertension, exfoliative erythroderma, and trichorrhexis invaginata. Genetic studies confirmed a premature termination mutation R350X in exon 12 of SPINK5. This mutation further supports the genotypic-phenotypic prediction that severe sequela result from premature termination mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of Netherton syndrome associated with primary pulmonary hypertension to be reported. Further postulated is a possible link between excessive desquamation of fetal skin and respiratory failure in a neonate with Netherton syndrome.