视盘毛细血管瘤

目的探讨视盘毛细血管瘤的临床特征及其光凝治疗。方法回顾性分析我院确诊的13例14眼视盘毛细血管瘤的临床资料，其中5例6眼接受了激光光凝治疗。光凝方法是应用’YAG倍频、氩绿、氪黄绿激光直接密集光凝血管瘤体及其边缘，以出现灰色或灰白色反应为准，原则上采取长时间、低能量多次光凝。开始时每周一次，2～3次后，依据眼底及眼底荧光血管造影情况随时追加光凝，直至瘤体萎缩、渗漏停止。合并视网膜毛细血管瘤者，同时光凝。结果13例14眼中7例合并有视网膜毛细血管瘤，2例有家族史，1例属Von Hippel—Lindau病。在6～54个月的随访中，12眼瘤体周围视网膜出现了不同程度的水肿及渗出，4眼继发了视网膜脱离，5眼视力在0．02及以下。2眼失明。其中接受光凝治疗的5例6眼中，2例3眼因故中途终止治疗；3例3眼坚持治疗者，最终血管瘤萎缩，渗漏停止，但视力均显著下降，1眼瘤体位于视盘鼻侧者视力稳定在0．3，另2眼瘤体位于偏颞侧者，视力分别为0．02和CF／5cm，随访(48～54)个月没有变化。结论视盘毛细血管瘤是先天性疾病，其发病年龄多在10～40岁，属Von Hipple病一部分，呈慢性进展，预后极差，积极治疗很有必要。激光光凝疗效确切，但光凝时机及参数有待进一步探讨。     

多波长激光治疗视网膜大动脉瘤

目的观察多波长激光光凝治疗视网膜大动脉瘤的疗效。方法采用科医人公司生产的NOVUS Varia多波长激光对视网膜大动脉瘤16例(16只眼)进行治疗。选黄光对瘤体先进行光凝,200μm光斑,0.2 s曝光时间;然后选红光对瘤体周围出血进行光凝,200~300μm,0.2 s曝光时间,激光反应斑Ⅱ级。结果经3个月至1年随访,视力提高1~3行者8例,视力不变者5例,视力下降1~2行者3例。视力下降和不变的患者,眼底检查黄斑区有前膜形成,出血、水肿、渗出未完全吸收。荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)显示:13例瘤体完全萎缩,无荧光素渗漏,3例动脉瘤变小,但仍有渗漏,给予了2次激光治疗。结论多波长激光治疗视网膜大动脉瘤安全、有效。     

视网膜血管瘤病的现代治疗

５例７眼视网膜血管瘤病患者，２眼接受单纯激光治疗，瘤体控制在１ＰＤ以下，视力保持正常；３眼接受冷冻联合激光治疗，成功地使视网膜下液吸收，瘤体缩小至１ＰＤ以下，视力明显提高；２眼接受玻璃体切除联合眼内激光治疗，１眼术中眼内出血而放弃治疗，１眼成功地将玻璃体积血和增殖膜清除，并封闭瘤体供养动脉，达到较好效果。本文对该病进行光凝、冷冻和玻璃体手术的适应证和治疗方法进行了讨论。提出对该病应长期追踪，早期发现，早期治疗（尤其瘤体多或进行性增大者）。     

氪激光治疗视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的探讨氪激光治疗视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法对20例(25只眼)视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变患者使用氪激光行超全视网膜光凝治疔。光凝术后3、6、12个月分别行荧光素眼底血管造影检查,新生血管如未完全消退则追加光凝。随访3～20个月(平均9.5个月)。结果超全视网膜光凝术后视力提高者12只眼(48.0%),视力不变者12只眼(48.0%),视力下降者1只眼(2.0%);19只眼(76.0%)新生血管消退或部分消退,6只眼(24.0%)新生血管无变化或加重。16只眼(61.5%)需要补充光凝。平均激光量为2600点。结论视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变较常规治疗需要更大的激光量,光凝术后应定期随访观察,必要时补充光凝。     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变弥漫性黄斑水肿的激光治疗

目的　评价全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法　 4 0例 5 0眼伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者 ,采用氩绿激光进行黄斑格栅样光凝联合全视网膜光凝。分析视力、黄斑水肿和新生血管的变化。结果　激光治疗后随访 6～ 30个月 ,5 0眼中 36眼治疗有效 ;76 %患眼的视力稳定 ,视力进步者占 12 % ;6 2 %患眼黄斑水肿明显减少 ,黄斑水肿完全消退者占 10 % ;视网膜新生血管或视盘新生血管完全消退者为 12 % ,部分消退者为 5 6 % ,余 14眼 (2 8% )治疗无效。结论　全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝是治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效措施。     

近视盘视网膜毛细血管瘤的临床特征分析

目的观察近视盘视网膜毛细血管瘤的临床特征方法回顾分析18例近视盘毛细血管瘤19只眼的临床资料、16只眼的荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）以及7只眼的随访观察资料。结果18例患者中，男女比为1：2，平均年龄为28.9岁。3例4只眼合并周边视网膜瘤。19只眼血管瘤中心均位于视盘的边缘以外，以颞下象限为最多（7/19），血管瘤大小为1.0-2.5个视盘直径（DD），颜色以红色为主（12/19）。16只眼FFA检查显示13只眼造影晚期有“排空”现象。长期随访的7只眼（其中5只眼经过激光光凝治疗）视力均下降。初诊时无渗出性视网膜脱离的6只眼（其中4只眼、未经过治疗的只眼）在平均随访的54.4个月后均未发生视网膜脱离。结论近视盘视网膜毛细血管瘤多呈类似椭圆形、橙黄色或红色包块。瘤体的中心位于视盘的边缘外。患者多在青壮年期出现视力下降的症状，有症状者瘤体周围均有不同程度的渗出、视网膜水肿。视力下降较缓慢，治疗效果差。FFA检查有助于本病的诊断和鉴别诊断。（中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：1-4）     

氩激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞57例

目的:分析57例氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion, RVO)的临床疗效。方法:随访我院57例被确诊为视网膜静脉阻塞并经氩激光光凝治疗后的患者,观察患者的视力、眼底改变以及并发症情况并评价氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床价值。激光治疗方法分为黄斑区格栅样光凝,局灶性视网膜光凝及全视网膜光凝。结果:经氩绿激光光凝治疗57例后3～6mo给予复查:末次随访视力提高23眼,视力无明显变化25眼,视力下降9眼;激光治疗后复查荧光素眼底血管造影 (观察视网膜毛细血管无灌注区面积变化及新生血管消退情况),治疗有效54眼, 3眼发展为新生血管性青光眼(NVG)。而激光光凝对于黄斑部晚期并发症无明显效果。结论:激光光凝治疗可提高中心视力,可促进视网膜水肿、出血、渗出的吸收,同时减少视网膜静脉阻塞引起的新生血管,对于预防并延缓增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和继发性新生血管性青光眼的发生有明显效果。     

氩激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞57例临床分析

目的:分析57例氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion, RVO)的临床疗效。方法:随访我院57例被确诊为视网膜静脉阻塞并经氩激光光凝治疗后的患者,观察患者的视力、眼底改变以及并发症情况并评价氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床价值。激光治疗方法分为黄斑区格栅样光凝,局灶性视网膜光凝及全视网膜光凝。结果：经氩绿激光光凝治疗57例后3~6mo给予复查：末次随访视力提高23眼,视力无明显变化25眼,视力下降9眼;激光治疗后复查荧光素眼底血管造影 (观察视网膜毛细血管无灌注区面积变化及新生血管消退情况),治疗有效54眼, 3眼发展为新生血管性青光眼(NVG)。而激光光凝对于黄斑部晚期并发症无明显效果。结论：激光光凝治疗可提高中心视力,可促进视网膜水肿、出血、渗出的吸收,同时减少视网膜静脉阻塞引起的新生血管,对于预防并延缓增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和继发性新生血管性青光眼的发生有明显效果。     

糖尿病视网膜病变的激光光凝治疗

目的:探讨532 nm半导体激光光凝术治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的效果.方法:应用美国IRIS公司生产的Oculighht GL激光治疗机,对视网膜病变达Ⅲ期以上者,行全视网膜光凝术,分3～4次完成.对黄斑局限性水肿行局部光凝、弥漫型水肿或囊样水肿者作"C"型光凝.伴黄斑水肿者先行黄斑区"C"型光凝,然后行全视网膜光凝术治疗.结果:糖尿病性视网膜病变患者87例(153眼),光凝后视力提高及保持不变者127眼,视力降低者26眼,光凝前后视力比较,差异有非常显著意义.黄斑水肿大部分减轻,微血管瘤逐渐消退.结论:532 nm激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变安全有效.     

TA联合激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的:观察玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德联合激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞引起的黄斑水肿的有效性和安全性。方法:患者38例38眼经眼底镜检查、眼底荧光素血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查明确诊断的视网膜静脉阻塞引起的黄斑水肿,玻璃体腔内注入曲安奈德4mg(0.1mL),术后1～2mo时行视网膜激光光凝,随访3～9mo,观察视力、眼压、眼底情况及视网膜厚度变化。结果:视力提高36眼,视力无变化2眼。视力<0.1者3眼,0.1～0.3者11眼,0.3～0.5者17眼,>0.5者7眼。4例患者眼压不同程度升高,予以局部降眼压药物治疗后,术后2～5mo眼压恢复正常,未发生1例视网膜毒性反应。结论:曲安奈德联合激光可以安全、有效治疗视网膜静脉阻塞引起的黄斑水肿,提高患者视功能。     

Photodynamic therapy for retinal capillary hemangioma

Purpose

To describe the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for juxtapapillary and peripheral retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH).

Patients and methods

Interventional case series of four eyes (four patients) with juxtapapillary RCH and one eye (one patient) with peripheral RCH. Two eyes with juxtapapillary RCH had received two sessions of full-fluence, double-duration PDT; whereas other two eyes had received single session of half-fluence, single-duration PDT. The peripheral RCH was treated with a single session of full-fluence, single-duration PDT.

Results

Two patients had von Hippel–Lindau disease. Follow-up duration ranged from 4 months to 1 year. Pre-PDT visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/200 to HM (juxtapapillary RCH) and 20/100 (peripheral RCH). Among the eyes with juxtapapillary RCH, tumor regression with partial resolution of macular edema was noted in two eyes (one eye each with half-fluence and full-fluence PDT), whereas two eyes had no change in tumor size with persistent macular edema. VA remained stable in three eyes and declined in one eye. In an eye with peripheral RCH, regression of tumor and macular edema with VA improvement was noted. Post-PDT complications included epiretinal membrane (one eye) and transient exudative retinal detachment (one eye).

Conclusion

PDT can be effective in reducing macular edema associated with RCH but this does not always correspond with an improvement in VA especially for juxtapapillary tumors.     

Subretinal hemorrhage after photodynamic therapy for juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma

A 75-year-old Japanese woman presented with a juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH) in her left eye. Twelve months after the initial examination, the size of the hemangioma had increased and the exudation from the RCH involved the macula. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had decreased from 0.8 to 0.3. A total of five intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB; 1.25 mg) was given but the RCH did not respond. A photodynamic therapy (PDT) was done using multiple laser spots to avoid damaging the optic nerve head. After the first PDT, the subfoveal fluid was reduced but not completely gone. One week after the second PDT, a massive subretinal hemorrhage developed. The subretinal hemorrhage was successfully displaced by injecting intraocular sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)) gas. At the 3-year follow-up examination, no subretinal hemorrhage or fluid was observed at the macula and the BCVA remained at 0.05. Our case was resistant to the combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and PDT and had a rare massive subretinal hemorrhage. A further collection of RCH cases treated with anti-VEGF and PDT that would justify this treatment is necessary.     

眼底血管样条纹并发脉络膜新生血管的临床特征及联合治疗

目的 分析眼底血管样条纹（AS）并发CNV的临床特征,探讨光动力疗法（PDT）联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗AS合并黄斑病变的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性系列病例研究。分析21例（42眼）AS的临床资料,包括BCVA、眼底表现、FFA、ICGA以及OCT。其中18例（22眼）合并黄斑CNV,先采用PDT治疗,3 d内玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗,治疗后定期随访,至少随访12个月。随访时如发现视力下降、黄斑区出现新病灶、视网膜下或层间积液、CNV活动性病变,则重复玻璃体腔注射。数据采用独立样本t检验或配对样本t检验进行分析。结果 本组21例患者均双眼发病,仅5例（24%）合并全身病变,男性为主（76%）,其中18例（86%）继发黄斑CNV,BCVA显著低于病变未侵及黄斑者。联合治疗的22眼末次随访时BCVA较治疗前提高10.4个字母;OCT示治疗后黄斑区视网膜厚度从基线的（338.4±55.2）μm降至（212.6±36.2）μm;FFA（ICGA）显示15眼（68%）CNV完全闭合,渗漏消失,5眼呈瘢痕染色。所有患者接受1次PDT,平均玻璃体腔注射次数3.2次。1例PDT后出现黄斑区视网膜下出血,行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗后出血吸收,5例发生一过性眼压升高,4例出现结膜下出血,均完全恢复,无其他明显眼部及全身不良反应。结论 眼底AS具有特殊的眼底表现,FFA（ICGA）有助于明确诊断,相当比例的患者可继发黄斑部CNV。PDT联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗能有效控制AS合并黄斑病变的病情进展,显著改善患者视功能,减少CNV渗漏,且不良反应少。     

Retinal capillary hemangioma treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy

PURPOSE: To describe a case of exudative retinal capillary hemangioma treated with photodynamic therapy that resulted in an improvement in clinical appearance and visual acuity. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 55-year-old Asian man presented with a large exudative peripheral retinal capillary hemangioma of the left eye causing serous retinal detachment, cystoid macular edema, and a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200. The hemangioma was treated with three successive sessions of verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT). RESULTS: With 10 months of follow-up after the initial treatment, involution of the hemangioma, reduction of subretinal fluid, and improvement of best-corrected visual acuity to 20/80 was seen. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy may be an effective treatment option in select cases of exudative retinal capillary hemangioma.     

Verteporfin photodynamic therapy of six eyes with retinal capillary haemangioma

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e334–e340

Abstract.

Purpose: Single‐centre consecutive interventional case series by retrospective chart review to evaluate the efficacy of verteporfin (Visudyne?) photodynamic therapy (PDT) of retinal capillary haemangioma (RCH). Methods: Following an initial period of observation, six eyes of five patients with RCH (juxtapapillary 3 and extrapapillary (EP) 3) received 1–3 sessions of standard verteporfin PDT upon the development of progressive vision‐threatening complications. Four of the five patients had von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease. Follow‐up included documentation of best‐corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA), tumour regression, and presence or absence of subretinal fluid (SRF) and/or lipid exudation as assessed by dilated fundus examination (DFE), fundus photos, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These parameters were documented at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following each PDT session and up to 32 months following the first PDT. Results: All eyes showed favourable response to PDT as defined by tumour regression or stabilization as well as improvement of SRF and lipid exudation. BCVA improved or stabilized in three eyes. Three eyes required PDT retreatment for recurrent SRF. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) worsened in three eyes, requiring vitreoretinal surgery at a median of 6 months following PDT. Conclusions: PDT is a moderately effective treatment for juxtapapillary and EP RCH. In this series, PDT resulted in tumour regression or stabilization as well as in the improvement of SRF and lipid exudation in all cases. However, stabilization or improvement of visual acuity was observed in only 50 per cent of the cases. The treatment benefits may be limited by pre‐existing macular changes and worsening of ERM. A larger prospective study is necessary to validate these findings.     

玻璃体手术治疗合并玻璃体积血的Terson综合征

目的观察玻璃体手术治疗伴有玻璃体积血的Terson综合征的术中情况及效果。方法回顾性分析接受玻璃体手术的伴有玻璃体积血的Terson综合征9例（16眼）的临床资料。所有患眼均行玻璃体切除手术,6眼联合C3F8惰性气体填充,对于同时伴有视网膜前膜者,术中加用吲哚氰绿染色,将视网膜前膜剥除。手术后随访2～24个月,平均18个月。结果术中发现不完全性玻璃体后脱离者10眼（62.50%）,视网膜前膜形成者5眼（31.25%）,同时合并有视网膜下出血者3眼（18.75%）,视神经萎缩者1眼（6.25%）。术后视力≥0.5者8眼（50.00%）,0.3～0.4者4眼（25.00%）,0.02～0.2者4眼（25.00%）。术后随访观察期间,均未发现视网膜脱离。1眼术后3个月出现继发性黄斑前膜,2眼术后出现并发性白内障。结论玻璃体手术治疗Terson综合征具有很好的临床效果,能明显改善视力,减少并发症的发生,提高患者生活质量。     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变光动力治疗后微视野的改变

目的 研究低剂量光动力治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（CSC）患眼治疗前后与最佳矫正视力相比微视野计监测视网膜功能的作用。方法 前瞻性自身对照研究。收集2011年3月4日至2011年7月28日就诊于北京同仁眼科医院接受低剂量光动力治疗（PDT）的CSC患者34例（34眼）。在治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月进行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、光相干断层扫描（OCT）评价,治疗前、治疗后3个月进行微视野计中心12度和固视稳定性评价。对两种检查方法治疗前后的检查结果进行χ2检验,对治疗前后检查结果进行前后对照的单因素方差分析,对BCVA与微视野视网膜敏感度相关性进行线性相关分析检测。结果 治疗后12个月BCVA为（85.5±6.8）个字母,较治疗前的（78.1±6.9）个字母明显提高（t=78.05,P<0.01）。治疗后3个月微视野敏感性为（17.2±2.1）dB,较治疗前的（14.1±3.8）dB明显提高（t=19.28,P<0.01）。治疗后12个月OCT检测黄斑中心厚度为（239.2±21.0）μm,较治疗前的（432.7±142.5）μm明显减小（t=18.34,P<0.01）。治疗前和治疗后3个月BCVA的变化与微视野敏感度变化经Mann-Whitney秩和检验差异无显著统计学意义（Z=-1.191,P>0.05）。经线性相关检测,治疗前（r=0.5,P<0.05）、后（r=0.6,P<0.05）患眼BCVA结果与微视野平均敏感度相关,而OCT黄斑中心区厚度与微视野敏感度无相关性（r=0.01和0.002,P均>0.05）。结论 低剂量PDT治疗可以有效地提高CSC患眼的BCVA、促进黄斑区视网膜下液吸收,改善黄斑区视网膜敏感度。微视野黄斑区视网膜敏感度检查在辅助BCVA随访评价CSC患眼治疗后黄斑区视功能变化中有较好的作用。     

Combined intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (Avastin®) and photodynamic therapy to treat retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma

Objective: Retinal capillary haemangioma complications are characterized by progressive exudation with consecutive intraretinal and subretinal leakage. A successful therapy without side‐effects has not been found. We report a case of retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma causing consecutive leakage with macular involvement. The tumour was treated with a combination of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) and was followed for 1 year. Methods: A 44‐year‐old woman with retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma in the right eye experienced a decrease of visual acuity from 20/20 to 20/60 because of a severe leakage from the tumour involving the macula with lipid depositions. Two sessions of PDT (sparing the part of the haemangioma located within the optic disc) and five injections of bevacizumab were applied in a period of 5 months. Visual acuity, visual field testing, retinal thickness measurements, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were performed to evaluate the treatment effect. Results: One year after the last injection, visual acuity increased to 20/40. All lipid exudates at the posterior pole resolved. Retinal thickness decreased from 490 to 150 μm with the restoration of normal central macular architecture. Leakage in fluorescence angiography reduced significantly, but hyperfluorescence of the tumour was still evident. Visual field testing and angiography did not show any treatment‐related vaso‐occlusive side‐effects. Conclusion: In this single case, the combination of anti‐VEGF and PDT appeared to be an effective strategy for the treatment of retinal juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma without side‐effects. Further studies with a greater number of eyes and adequate follow‐up are necessary to support these first clinical results.     

Application of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

We report 3 cases of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) effectively managed with intravitreal bevacizumab. One patient (case 1) who had recurrent CCH (1.6 mm in thickness) with prior laser photocoagulation was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab alone. Two patients (case 2 and 3) who had CCH (2.4 mm and 2.2 mm in thickness, respectively) with recent visual impairment were treated with bevacizumab followed by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Ophthalmic evaluations included visual acuity, ophthalmoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography. Patients were followed up for 6-9 months. After therapy, all patients showed improved visual acuity due to complete resorption of subretinal fluid and macular edema. Ultrasonography demonstrated a reduction of the thickness of CCH in case 1 and complete regression of the lesions in case 2 and 3. No patient showed tumor recurrence. Intravitreal bevacizumab, alone or in combination therapy with PDT, may be a useful alternative for the treatment of symptomatic CCH with subretinal fluid.     

Choroidal hemangioma treated with photodynamic therapy using verteporfin: report of a case

PURPOSE: To report the results of treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma with a single application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin according to the Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy study. METHODS: A 44-year-old man with unilateral decreased vision and macular subretinal fluid secondary to a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma diagnosed by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and ultrasonography underwent PDT with verteporfin therapy. RESULTS: One year after PDT, subretinal fluid was absent and visual acuity improved. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this case are in keeping with previously reported results; however, future randomized studies are necessary to evaluate and standardize different infusion times in order to obtain maximum efficacy of treatment.