早期非小细胞肺癌电视胸腔镜微创手术与常规手术淋巴结清扫的效果比较

目的:探讨早期非小细胞肺癌电视胸腔镜微创手术与常规手术淋巴结清扫的差异。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年2月之间在儋州市人民医院进行治疗的肺癌患者123例,按照患者的治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,对照组患者69例使用常规开胸的手术方法,观察组患者54例使用电视胸腔镜介导下的微创手术和淋巴结清扫,对淋巴结清扫的效果进行对比。结果:两组患者的清扫淋巴结组数、清扫淋巴结个数、N1期淋巴结个数、N1期阳性个数、N2期淋巴结个数、N2期阳性个数数据差异均不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）,观察组患者的淋巴结清扫时间高于对照组患者,手术后引流时间、失血量、住院时间低于对照组患者,数据差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组患者在手术后1年之中均未出现肿瘤的局部复发、纵隔淋巴结转移和其他的远处转移。结论:利用电视胸腔镜微创手术对早期非小细胞肺癌患者进行淋巴结清扫,各项指标基本等同于常规开胸手术的效果,但是对患者的创伤更小,值得在临床范围内进行推广。     

电视胸腔镜在肺癌手术中的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术在肺癌治疗中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析27例肺癌患者采用电视胸腔镜手术的临床资料,评价疗效、总结经验与体会。结果27例均在在胸腔镜下完成手术,手术包括肺叶切除10例、肺楔形切除术2例、胸膜固定术14例、左全肺胸膜切除1例。平均手术时间120min,平均失血量150ml,平均住院日12d。无手术并发症。经6~60个月随访,其中Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例,Ⅳ期17例。6月、1、3、5年生存率分别为Ⅰ期100%、100%、83.33%、83.33%;Ⅱ期100%、100%、66.67%、66.67%;Ⅲ期100%、100%、100%、0;Ⅳ期100%、64.71%、0、0。结论电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺癌是一种微创、可行的方法。     

围手术期护理干预在3D电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的作用

目的探讨围手术期护理干预在3D电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术中的作用。方法选取2013年7月至2016年4月间在中国医科大学附属盛京医院行3D电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗的55例肺癌患者,所有患者均采用全方位围手术期护理,分析患者的治疗和护理效果。结果 55例患者中,52例患者顺利完成3D电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术,手术成功率为94.6%。52例患者平均手术时间为(177±59)min,术中出血量为(113±48)ml。术后自觉切口痛感均较轻,术后12h的VAS疼痛评分为(3.5±2.7)分,术后1d内均可下床活动,术后4d内胸腔引流管均拔除且恢复生活自理能力,术后住院时间(5.2±2.6)d,出院时手术侧肩关节活动范围与手术前一致。所有患者均顺利恢复,无肺不张、肺部感染和出血等严重并发症发生。护理服务满意度为96.2%。结论围手术期护理干预3D电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者,治疗效果确切,值得临床推广应用。     

胸腔镜微创手术与传统开胸手术治疗纵隔肿瘤效果比较

目的：比较胸腔镜微创手术与传统开胸手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的疗效。方法：对22例行胸腔镜微创手术和20例传统开胸手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的治疗效果进行比较。结果：两组患者手术顺利,治愈出院,无手术死亡。胸腔镜微创手术组手术时间、术后胸管引流时间、术后镇痛药物使用时间、术后住院时间均比传统开胸组短（P〈0.05）,胸腔镜组术中出血量比传统开胸组少（P〈0.01）,胸腔镜组术后并发症发生率低于传统开胸组,住院费用略高于传统开胸组,但差异比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后随访1—2年,无局部复发。结论：胸腔镜微创手术治疗纵隔肿瘤创伤小、手术时间短、出血少、术后恢复快,住院费用及疗效与传统开胸手术无明显差别,是纵隔肿瘤的重要治疗方法。     

胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌的临床观察

目的 探讨胸腔镜手术对早期肺癌患者的临床治疗效果.方法 选取80例早期肺癌患者,随机均分为对照组和研究组,对照组采用常规开胸手术治疗,研究组采用胸腔镜手术治疗.对比分析2组患者的手术疗效、观察指标及术后并发症与不良反应情况.结果 研究组的临床治愈率(87.5%)高于对照组(67.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.13,P<0.05),且术后的引流置管时间、术后出血量及住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05),术后并发症及不良反应的发生率低于对照组(7.5%vs 27.5%,χ2=9.52,P<0.05).结论 胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌安全有效,术后并发症与不良反应发生情况少,值得临床进一步推广与应用.     

达芬奇手术系统与胸腔镜在肺癌根治术中的对比分析

目的 对比机器人辅助与胸腔镜肺叶切除术的微创效果。方法 回顾性分析机器人肺叶切除手术35例与腔镜肺叶切除手术66例的相关数据,包括术中失血量、手术时间、切除淋巴结数目及站数、术后引流量及时间和术后住院时间。结果 两组患者术中失血量、手术时间、清扫淋巴结站数、清扫淋巴结个数、术后总胸腔引流量、术后带管时间、术后住院时间和术后并发症（声音嘶哑和乳糜胸）差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 机器人辅助肺叶切除术是安全可行的。尽管术中失血量、带管时间、术后并发症、术后胸腔引流量和术后住院时间要略有优势,但是总体并无显著差异。     

单操作孔全胸腔镜手术在胸部肿瘤手术中的应用分析

目的探讨单操作孔全胸腔镜手术（single utility port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, SP-VATS）在胸部肿瘤手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2006年11月至2013年6月在我科施行单操作孔全胸腔镜下胸部肿瘤手术95例,其中男性59例,女性36例;平均年龄56．3±20．2岁。结果全组手术均顺利完成,中转开胸4例,无手术死亡,术后无支气管胸膜瘘、大出血等严重并发症。95例胸部肿瘤手术中后纵隔肿瘤4例,前纵隔肿瘤7例,壁胸膜肿瘤4例,肺大疱9例,肺部良性肿瘤23例,肺癌48例,肺癌楔形切除40例,肺癌肺叶切除8例,肺癌楔形切除原因是高龄患者或肺功能较差不能耐受肺叶切除。本组患者术后疼痛小,尤其是咳嗽时疼痛明显减轻。手术时间（38．6±23．5）min,术中出血量（43．5±32．2）ml,胸腔闭式引流时间（2．8±2．1）d,术后住院时间为（6．5±3．3）d。结论单操作孔全胸腔镜手术时间短、创伤小、失血少、术后疼痛轻、恢复快、生活质量高、治疗疗效确切、安全可靠,初期适用于较小的纵隔肿瘤及肺楔形切除术,熟练掌握后可应用于肺癌肺叶切除术。     

从清扫淋巴结角度看胸腔镜辅助手术在肺癌治疗中的应用

背景与目的：电视胸腔镜辅助小切口作为一种微创手术径路,其能否完成标准肺癌根治术一直是胸科医师争论的焦点。本研究从清扫淋巴结角度探讨传统切口与电视胸腔镜辅助小切口在肺癌根治术中的应用。方法：选取2001年1月—2005年12月的549例肺癌患者,所选病例均行电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺癌根治术,统计各病例术后胸内清扫淋巴结数,并计算各组淋巴结的清扫数目、平均每例淋巴结清除数等。收集有关系统胸内淋巴结清扫、胸腔镜辅助肺叶或（左或右）全肺切除等资料,进行淋巴结清扫对比研究。结果：549例共清扫淋巴结7360个,平均每例清扫淋巴结数13．41个,与传统切口开胸清扫淋巴结数对比,差异无显著性。结论：电视胸腔镜辅助小切口可以完成同质量的系统性胸内淋巴结清扫．并能规范的完成肺痛根治术。     

加速康复外科联合单孔胸腔镜在肺癌手术中的应用价值

加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery，ERAS)是指在围术期采用一系列具有循证医学证据的优化处理措施，以减轻患者心理和生理的创伤和应激反应，减少术后并发症，缩短住院时间，降低医疗费用，促进患者快速康复。随着胸外科微创技术的不断发展，单孔胸腔镜应运而生，大量临床实践证明在保证肺癌根治性及安全、可行的前提下，单孔胸腔镜肺癌手术在疼痛、创伤等方面具有显著优势。为进一步探讨加速康复外科联合单孔胸腔镜在肺癌手术中的应用价值，现综述如下。     

胸腔镜微创手术与传统开胸手术治疗非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效比较

目的 对比分析胸腔镜微创手术与传统开胸手术治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床疗效.方法 根据手术方式的不同将120例NSCLC患者分为胸腔镜组(n=60,接受胸腔镜微创手术)和开胸组(n=60,接受传统开胸手术).比较两组患者的手术情况、临床疗效、术后24 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术前和术后3天的血清指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]及并发症发生情况.采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织肺癌患者生存质量量表(EORTC QLQ-LC43)评价术前和术后1年两组患者的生活质量.结果 胸腔镜组患者的手术时间、引流管置管时间、住院时间均明显短于开胸组,术中出血量明显少于开胸组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).胸腔镜组和开胸组患者的客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);胸腔镜组患者术后24 h的VAS评分明显低于开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).术后3天,胸腔镜组患者的血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10、CRP水平均低于开胸组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).术后1年,胸腔镜组患者的情绪、日常生活、活动能力、社会/家庭生活、肺癌附加因素评分及总分均高于开胸组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).胸腔镜组患者的并发症总发生率明显低于开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).结论 胸腔镜微创手术与传统开胸手术治疗NSCLC均具有较好的近期临床效果,但前者在手术创伤、术后恢复、住院时间、术后并发症等方面更具优势,且患者生活质量更佳.     

Mammotome真空辅助旋切系统在乳腺良性肿块微创切除中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下Mammotome真空辅助旋切系统对乳腺良性病灶进行微创切除的治疗价值。方法2005年10月至2006年12月,对82例患者218个超声检查诊断为良性的乳腺病灶在超声引导下进行Mammotome切除术,对其进行回顾性分析,评价其在乳腺微创外科的应用价值。结果全部肿块均顺利切除,术后病理学诊断全部为良性,患者第2天可恢复上肢正常活动。术后3,6个月接受复查,乳腺外形及皮肤感觉正常,超声未发现病灶残留,术后切口瘢痕不明显。结论应用超声引导下Mammotome切除术对乳腺良性病灶可进行完整切除,具有微创、美观、术后对触觉无影响、操作简单、安全等优点,是一种值得推广的微创手术方法。     

Uptake and survival effects of minimally invasive surgery for lung cancer: A population-based study

IntroductionDespite growing evidence supporting the safety of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of lung cancer, its uptake is still variable and its outcomes debated. This study examines the factors associated with MIS uptake and its effects on survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAll patients in the Canadian province of Ontario with early stage NSCLC (stage I/II) from 2007 to 2017 were included. A logistic regression identified the predictors of MIS uptake, and a flexible parametric model was used to estimate survival rates based on MIS versus open resection.ResultsIn total, 8,988 patients underwent surgical resection; 53.6% had MIS. Year of diagnosis was associated with MIS uptake (OR = 1.33, p < 0.001); patients in later years were more likely to receive MIS. Rurality was a significant predictor of MIS, though distance from nearest regional cancer center did not predict MIS utilization. Patients with stage II disease were less likely to receive MIS compared to those with stage I disease (OR = 0.44, p < 0.001). MIS had a significantly higher 5-year survival compared to open resection for stage I and II disease. Patients >70 years had the greatest 5-year survival benefit from MIS.ConclusionsWe observed a substantial long-term survival benefit in patients undergoing MIS for early stage NSCLC. This difference was most pronounced in the oldest age group. These findings support the use of MIS in the treatment of lung cancer and challenge the notion that MIS compromises oncologic outcomes.     

超声引导微创旋切术治疗非哺乳期乳腺炎的临床效果

目的探讨超声引导微创旋切术治疗非哺乳期乳腺炎的临床效果。 方法采用回顾性分析方法,选取2013年1月至2016年6月南方医科大学附属小榄医院乳腺外科收治的36例非哺乳期乳腺炎患者作为研究对象,对患者实施超声引导下微创旋切手术,术后辅以持续负压引流,并观察该术式的治疗效果、术后恢复时间和复发情况。 结果本组36例患者经术后病理证实均为浆细胞性乳腺炎或肉芽肿性乳腺炎。术后24例拔管后一期痊愈无复发;8例行局部反复冲洗治愈;4例于术后5个月内出现复发,复发率为11.1%(4/36),再次予以微创手术治疗后痊愈,其余患者术后随访1年未见复发。 结论在非哺乳期乳腺炎的治疗中,采用超声引导微创旋切术具有切口小,患者疼痛轻,复发率低的优点,是非哺乳期乳腺炎有效的治疗方法之一。     

Mammotome真空辅助旋切系统在多发性乳腺肿块微创切除术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下Mammotome真空辅助旋切系统对乳腺多发性肿块（一侧乳房肿块〉13个）进行微创切除的治疗价值。方法 2005年10月至2007年3月，本科对39例多发性乳腺肿块患者的168个肿块在超声引导下进行Mammotome切除术，并进行回顾性分析，评价其在乳腺多发性肿块切除中的应用价值。结果 全部肿块均采用Mammotome旋切，术后病理学诊断均为良性，术后无切口瘢痕，乳房外形正常，皮肤触觉无变化。术后并发症包括血肿形成、皮下淤斑及乳头溢血各1例。术后3个月和6个月接受超声复查，均未发现病灶残留。结论 超声引导下Mammotome旋切术可完整切除乳腺多发性病灶，具有微创、美容、术后对触觉无影响、操作简单、安全等优点，是一种值得推广的微创手术方法。     

Long-term oncological safety of minimally invasive surgery in high-risk endometrial cancer

BackgroundSeveral studies showed that women with low-risk endometrial cancers staged by minimally invasive surgery (MIS) experience fewer postoperative complications compared to those staged by laparotomy with similar disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). However, high-risk patients were poorly represented. In this study, we compared DFS and OS in high-risk endometrial cancer patients who underwent surgical staging via MIS versus laparotomy.MethodsUsing a multicentric database, we compared DFS and OS between 114 patients with high-risk histology who underwent surgical staging via MIS and 114 patients who underwent laparotomy. Patients were matched for age, tumour type, FIGO stage and management criteria.ResultsAmong the 114 patients who underwent MIS, 93 underwent laparoscopy and 21 robotic surgery. Groups were comparable for stage, body mass index, histology and adjuvant therapies. However, patients in the MIS group underwent paraaortic lymphadenectomy less frequently (13% versus 29%; p = 0.01), had less lymph nodes removed (19.0 versus 28.6; p < 0.01) and had lower mean tumour size (30 versus 40 mm; p < 0.01). With a median follow-up time of 49 months, DFS and OS were not significantly different between the surgical cohorts. In multivariable analysis, both higher stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2) and histology (HR = 4.9) were associated with DFS in contrast to surgical procedure (HR = 0.9).ConclusionsBeyond the benefit of MIS on immediate surgical outcome, our results show that fear for a poor long-term outcome should not be the reason to refrain from MIS in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.     

微创小切口手术对早期胸中下段食管癌患者的治疗效果及对其疼痛的影响

目的 探究微创小切口手术对早期胸中下段食管癌患者的治疗效果及对其疼痛的影响。方法 选取2016年3月—2017年3月在我院接受治疗的早期胸中下段食管癌患者160例,随机分为常规手术组和微创小切口手术组各80例,常规手术组患者使用常规手术治疗,微创小切口手术组患者使用微创小切口手术治疗。对肺活量(Vital capacity,VC)、一秒用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume 1,FEV1)检测、视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)、住院时间、手术时间及术中出血量进行统计,酶联免疫法检测应激激素如生长激素(Growth hormone,GH)、皮质醇(Cortisol,Cor)、白介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)水平,并对两组患者不良反应发生情况进行统计。结果 微创小切口手术组VC、FEV1水平显著高于常规手术组,出血量、手术时间、及住院时间短于常规手术组,GH、Cor水平、VAS评分、不良反应发生率低于常规手术组,IL-8高于常规手术组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 微创小切口手术治疗早期胸中下段食管癌效果显著,能够缓解患者疼痛,减少不良反应。     

超声引导麦默通微创旋切术在非扪及性乳腺病灶诊治中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下麦默通（Mammotome）真空微创旋切术在非扪及性乳腺病灶中的诊治价值。方法对58例96处非扪及性乳腺病灶进行高频超声引导下Mammotome（8G）微创旋切术。结果96处非扪及性乳腺病灶均被成功切除。其中乳腺纤维腺瘤76处，乳腺腺病16处，1处为乳腺导管内乳头状瘤，2处为导管原位癌，1处为乳腺浸润性导管癌。9处可疑病灶均明确诊断。每个病灶平均旋切切除12次。每例患者平均手术时间15min。3例并发皮下淤血。结论超声引导下Mammotome（8G）微创旋切术是非扪及性乳腺病灶首选的诊治方法，病灶切除彻底，创伤小，对可疑病灶能及时明确诊断，对良性疾病兼具治疗作用。     

Uptake of minimally invasive surgery for early stage colorectal cancer and its effect on survival: A population-based study

PurposeThe uptake of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) varies between jurisdictions. We aimed to identify the factors associated with the uptake of MIS for early-stage CRC and its oncologic outcomes in the Canadian province of Ontario.MethodsThis study includes all patients with CRC in Ontario from 2007 to 2017. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of MIS and a flexible parametric survival model to estimate survival rates based on MIS versus open surgery.ResultsIn total, 14,675 patients with CRC were identified of which 29.5% had MIS resections. The likelihood of undergoing MIS decreased with age, disease stage, and distance to the regional cancer center, and increased with year of diagnosis. The likelihood of mortality for MIS was significantly lower compared to open surgery (p < 0.001). In terms of survival, MIS was most beneficial to older patients with stage II disease, despite their lower likelihood of receiving MIS.ConclusionsDespite the lower uptake of MIS among older patients and patients with stage II disease, these patients had the greatest long-term survival benefit from MIS. This suggests further use of laparoscopy to patient populations that are often excluded.     

Minimizing the impact of colorectal surgery in the older patient: The role of minimally invasive surgery in the geriatric population

With an aging population comes a greater incidence of colorectal cancer and a corresponding need for surgical resection in the geriatric population. This heterogeneous group of patients may benefit from multidisciplinary pre-operative evaluation and optimization, prehabilitation, enhanced recovery protocols, and a minimally invasive approach to resection. Concerns regarding the ability of the older patient to tolerate the physiologic demands of pneumoperitoneum have not been validated. Conversely, these vulnerable patients may experience a greater reduction in morbidity than their younger counterparts through the use of minimally invasive techniques.     

Comparison of minimally invasive surgery with laparotomic approach in the treatment of high risk endometrial cancer: A systematic review

ObjectiveTo analyze all published studies comparing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with laparotomic one in the surgical treatment of high-risk endometrial cancer (EC) in term of operative, peri-operative and oncological outcomes.Data sourcesWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed between January 1995–March 2019.Methods of study selectionTitles and abstracts were analyzed by two reviewers. A set of explicit criteria was used for selection of literature: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective or retrospective cohort studies, given the rarity of this tumor and the concomitant lack of data in the form of large trials, all reviewed original report publications with an appropriate number of subjects were considered and included; 2) participants of interest being patients who have suffered from high risk EC 3) the outcome measures including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence, (4) English language, (5) abstract available.ResultsThirty relevant articles were selected for full reading. For final analysis 20 studies were selected. Then, as second step, the full articles were evaluated to determine whether full inclusion criteria were met. In total, 9 papers were identified and included.ConclusionMIS appears to be safe in the management of high-risk EC patients, showing better perioperative and postoperative outcomes and comparable oncological outcomes than open surgery. Prospective randomized trial would be needed to confirm this data.