数字化技术在牙颌面畸形治疗中的应用研究

目的    探讨数字化技术在牙颌面畸形治疗中的应用。 方法    选择2014年12月至2015年12月于中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科行正颌手术的牙颌面畸形患者12例,通过上下颌骨3D-CT重建DICOM数据,构建数字化头颅模型并3D打印头颅模型,进行手术前模拟设计,模拟截骨,指导手术。术后3个月进行面部对称性评价。结果    所选12例患者均完成手术模拟并3D打印头颅模型,最后进行正颌手术。术后3个月复查面部对称性改善明显。满意率达到91.67%。结论    利用数字化技术进行手术模拟设计,3D打印头颅模型模拟截骨,并指导手术,提高手术精确度,在牙颌面畸形的治疗中具有实际的应用价值。     

3D打印导板辅助髁突骨软骨瘤及继发复杂牙颌面畸形的手术治疗

目的:研究3D打印手术导板辅助髁突骨软骨瘤及继发牙颌面畸形同期矫治的临床可行性。方法:根据影像学资料,运用Dolphin Imaging 11.7 Premium 和Mimics软件进行虚拟外科手术设计并制作3D打印手术导板,指导髁突骨软骨瘤及继发牙颌面畸形的手术矫治。通过对比模拟头颅模型与实际术后CT重建模型评估此方法的临床价值。结果:所有患者患侧关节功能、咬合关系以及颜面对称性都得到了良好的恢复。模拟术后模型与术后扫描重建模型对比中,中切牙与第一磨牙的误差均保持在1.4 mm以下,最大误差出现在颏部,约2.4 mm,显示了新方法的准确性。结论:结果显示虚拟外科手术设计和手术导板有助于髁突骨软骨瘤继发牙颌面畸形的准确诊断、治疗方案设计、准确截骨以及重置骨块。     

3D打印辅助颌面骨缺损与畸形的临床精准修复重建

目的:探讨3D打印技术在颌面骨缺损与畸形的修复重建手术中的应用价值.方法:治疗颌面骨缺损与畸形手术病例6例.术前行三维CT扫描、重建并3D打印1∶1实物模型.根据模型进行疾病诊断、手术设计及植入物的预制.结果:3D打印的头模全方位显示了骨缺损及病变区域的状况,实现了生物修复板的术前、体外精确预制;实证了头影测量分析的结果,实现了真正意义上的模型外科;利用镜像模型进行重建板精确弯制,恢复了患者面型及下颌骨高度.结论:3D打印能全方位、直观、精确地显示颌面骨的三维空间关系,对于颌面骨缺损与畸形的修复重建手术有极大的临床指导价值.     

数字化咬合板与传统咬合板在正颌手术中定位上颌骨的精确性临床研究

目的:通过临床研究分析数字化咬合板与传统咬合板在正颌手术中定位上颌骨的精确性。方法:回顾性收集2017～2022年就诊于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院的成年骨性错(牙合)畸形患者,筛选具有完善术前术后影像学CT数据、牙列模型数据且已完成双颌正颌手术的病例18例,其中8例通过传统咬合板辅助正颌手术,10例通过数字化咬合板辅助正颌手术。根据患者术前术后影像学资料及牙列数据通过Mimics Research 20.0及3-matic Research 12.0软件完成颅骨模型重建以及牙列模型数据的替换,完成正颌手术术前、术后三维(冠状位,矢状位,轴位)方向上实际移动距离的测量。测量三维方向上术前预计移动距离与术后实际移动距离的线性差异。结果:传统咬合板组术前计划与术后实际移动平均线性差为(1.00±0.32)mm;数字化咬合板组术前计划与术后实际移动平均线性差为(0.99±0.38)mm。两种咬合板对指导正颌手术中上颌骨的三维方向的定位无显著差异。结论:数字化咬合板与传统咬合板的使用均可在正颌手术中准确定位上颌骨。     

数字化软件在牙颌面畸形正颌术前模拟设计中的应用研究

目的 通过数字化软件对牙颌面畸形患者进行正颌术前模拟设计,将得到的数据应用于临床手术中以指导术者对牙颌面畸形进行精确的手术治疗。方法 选择2012年1月至2013年1月到中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科就诊的牙颌面畸形患者15例,进行术前三维CT扫描,将CT数据输入proplan软件系统中。通过软件重建上下颌骨,在三维方向上对颌骨进行定点、截骨、移动骨段、模拟预测等操作,确定手术方案后保存数据。术中按照软件模拟方案进行手术。结果 15例患者手术顺利,术中未出现严重并发症。术后半年随访,满意率达到93.3%。结论 采用数字化软件对牙颌面畸形患者进行术前模拟设计是一种较为精确的方法,可直观模拟手术并预测术后效果,从而为正颌外科矫治复杂牙颌面畸形制定个体化最佳手术方案提供实用有效的技术和依据。     

基于钉孔共用理念的数字化导板在口腔颌面外科中的应用

目的 探讨基于钉孔共用理念设计的数字化导板在正颌外科及下颌骨重建中的应用效果.方法 选择需行正颌手术的16例牙颌面畸形患者和需要下颌骨重建的10例患者为研究对象.对牙颌面畸形患者行颌面部CT扫描和石膏模型激光扫描,下颌骨重建患者行颌面部CT扫描和腓骨或髂骨的CT扫描,并建立三维模型.使用数字化技术基于钉孔共用理念制作截...     

计算机辅助模型外科设计及虚拟[牙合]板的临床应用

目的：通过计算机辅助软件进行正颌手术模型外科设计，经快速原型技术制作[牙合]板，探讨该[牙合]板的临床应用价值。方法：15例颌面畸形需要正颌手术的患者均进行全头颅三维CT扫描（层厚0．625mm），将DICOM格式的CT数据输入电脑软件Simplant CMF（Materialise Medical，Leuven，Belgium）。通过软件对头颅模型进行上下颌骨的分离、截骨线的设计、截骨、骨块移动等操作，收集并输出数据，经快速原型机制作[牙合]板（虚拟[牙合]板）。同时，每例患者还进行传统石膏模型外科以及传统[牙合]板制作。术中首先利用虚拟[牙合]板进行骨块的移动和固定，然后应用传统[牙合]板检验骨块的新位置，验证虚拟[牙合]板的临床实用性。结果：15例患者中．4例单颌手术（双侧下颌支矢状劈开术）、10例双颌手术（LeFortⅠ型整体截骨术＋双侧下颌支矢状劈开术）以及1例双颌手术（LeFortⅠ型分块截骨术＋双侧下颌支矢状劈开术）。手术中，12例患者的虚拟[牙合]板完全符合临床要求。3例患者（包括1例双侧下颌支矢状劈开术和2例LeFortⅠ型整体截骨术＋双侧下颌支矢状劈开术）的虚拟[牙合]板与传统[牙合]板之间有部分偏差，遂通过传统[牙合]板进行骨块的重新固定。结论：计算机辅助设计可完成LeFortⅠ型整体（或分块）截骨术和双侧下颌支矢状劈开术的模型外科，虚拟[牙合]板基本可实现传统[牙合]板的功能。通过对软件的进一步熟悉、更多病例的积累，计算机辅助模型外科可能取代传统的石膏模型外科。     

高仿真牙颅颌模型外科技术辅助手术优先矫正颌面部不对称畸形

目的：探讨快速原型技术制作的高仿真牙颅颌模型与牙弓石膏模型精确结合用于手术优先指导矫正颌面部不对称畸形的可行性。方法：5例颌面部不对称畸形患者均进行全头颅三维螺旋CT扫描,将数据输入快速原型机,制作三维打印头颅模型,然后将牙弓石膏模型按等比例替换三维打印模型的牙弓,以组成高仿真牙颅颌模型复合体。利用该复合体进行术前模拟截骨,评价截骨位置及截骨量,评估患者颏部的对称性以及颞下颌关节的改变,术后 6 个月评估手术效果。结果：5 例患者术前建立高仿真牙颅颌模型复合体,很好地预测了手术效果。术后随访半年,患者对外形感到满意,无颞下颌关节紊乱综合征（TMD）等并发症。结论：高仿真牙颅颌模型复合体更好地预测偏颌畸形患者术后颏部及髁突的改变,为该类患者的“手术优先”治疗模式提供了有益的参考。     

不同方法制作正颌手术数字化[牙合]板的研究及精确性分析

目的探讨不同方法制作正颌手术数字化[牙合]板的流程,并评估其精确性及临床应用价值。方法选择2017年6月—2019年2月就诊于昆明医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科的牙颌面畸形患者10例为研究对象。分别利用单个软件和多个软件进行术前模拟设计,虚拟截骨,设计数字化[牙合]板,并评估二者精确性和工作时间。同时传统模型外科制作传统[牙合]板,评估单软件数字化[牙合]板的临床运用价值。结果单软件数字化[牙合]板最大拟合误差平均值上颌为(0.0111±0.0038)mm,下颌为(0.0107±0.0037)mm。单软件数字化[牙合]板最大拟合误差优于多软件数字化[牙合]板(P<0.001),各自上下颌面间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[牙合]板术中未出现无法就位情况。无论是单颌还是双颌手术,单软件手术模拟时间均少于多软件手术模拟时间。结论不同方法制作数字化[牙合]板精确性存在差异,单软件数字化[牙合]板精确性优于多软件数字化[牙合]板,模拟耗时更少,具有实际应用价值。     

不同方法制作正颌手术数字化板的研究及精确性分析

目的 探讨不同方法制作正颌手术数字化板的流程,并评估其精确性及临床应用价值.方法 选择2017年6月—2019年2月就诊于昆明医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科的牙颌面畸形患者10例为研究对象.分别利用单个软件和多个软件进行术前模拟设计,虚拟截骨,设计数字化板,并评估二者精确性和工作时间.同时传统模型外科制作传统板,评估...     

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??Objective    To explore the application of digital technology to the treatment of dento-maxillofacial deformities. Methods    Twelve patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities were enrolled and DICOM data were reconstructed with 3D-CT of maxillary and mandible. The DICOM data were input into the software of Proplan CMF. We built digital skull model and 3D-printed skull model to perform surgical planning?? postoperative prediction and simulate operation. Clinical examinations of facial symmetry were performed 3 months later. Results    All the surgical plannings?? postoperative predictions and simulate operations of the twelve patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities were performed. And the orthognathic surgery was successfully. The patients were satisfied with the facial symmetry 3 months after operations?? with a satisfaction rate of 91.67%?? Conclusion    When using digital technology to perform surgical planning and simulate operation??the accuracy of surgeries is improved with satisfactory effect. So the digital technology has practical value in the treatment of dento-maxillofacial deformities.     

数字化技术用于25例患者正颌手术效果评价

目的:应用数字化技术辅助正颌外科三维重建测量、术前诊断、手术设计与模拟、导板制作、导航验证和效果评估,探索制订更加科学、合理的数字化诊治方法和流程.方法:选取25例先天性牙颌面畸形患者,术前行颅颌面CT扫描,将CT数据导入Mimics 20.0软件,建立数字化原始模型.确定三维重建测量硬组织标志点并进行测量、分析、诊断...     

牙支持式数字化导板在水平截骨颏成形术中的应用及精确性分析

目的: 探讨牙支持式数字化导板在水平截骨颏成形术中的应用价值。方法: 选择2017年3月~2018年3月就诊于昆明医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科的颏部畸形患者7例,通过建立数字化模型,进行三维影像学测量,精确判断颏部在三维空间上的畸形程度,进行手术前模拟设计,虚拟截骨,设计并3D打印成型牙支持式截骨导板应用于手术。术后3个月拍摄CBCT与手术设计进行拟合,评价导板的精确性。结果: 患者均为一期愈合,术后患者对效果均比较满意,拟合数据显示术后CBCT与术前虚拟手术的平均误差为0.7335 mm。结论: 利用数字化技术进行三维重建、手术模拟,3D打印牙支持式导板引导截骨,提高手术精度,可有效改善各种颏部畸形,具有实际应用价值。     

Validation of new soft tissue software in orthognathic surgery planning

This study tests computer imaging software (SurgiCase-CMF^®, Materialise) that enables surgeons to perform virtual orthognathic surgical planning using a three dimensional (3D) utility that previews the final shape of hard and soft tissues. It includes a soft tissue simulation module that has created images of soft tissues altered through bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to correct facial deformities. Cephalometric radiographs and CT scans were taken of each patient before and after surgery. The surgical planning system consists of four stages: CT data reconstruction; 3D model generation of facial hard and soft tissue; different virtual surgical planning and simulation modes; and various preoperative previews of the soft tissues. Surgical planning and simulation is based on a 3D CT reconstructed bone model and soft tissue image generation is based on physical algorithms. The software rapidly follows clinical options to generate a series of simulations and soft tissue models; to avoid TMJ functional problems, pre-surgical plans were evaluated by an orthodontist. Comparing simulation results with postoperative CT data, the reliability of the soft tissues preview was >91%. SurgiCase^® software can provide a realistic, accurate forecast of the patient's facial appearance after surgery.     

Accuracy of patient-specific implants and additive-manufactured surgical splints in orthognathic surgery — A three-dimensional retrospective study

IntroductionBecause of the many limitations of conventional surgery planning for the treatment of orthognathic deformities, as well as advancements in computer-assisted planning, there is an urgent need for technical devices that transfer the surgical plan into the operating theatre. In this regard, additive-manufactured, patient-specific implants (PSI) and additive-manufactured interocclusal splints represent promising approaches. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the accuracy of these two devices, with regard to preoperative virtual treatment planning for maxillary Le-Fort I advancement surgery using IPS CaseDesigner^®, and based on a new analysis method without the use of landmarks.Materials and methodsA retrospective evaluation of 18 class III patients (n(PSI) = 9; n(splint) = 9), who had undergone virtually planned orthognathic surgery (including maxillary Le Fort I advancement), was performed. The preoperative treatment plan and the postoperative outcome were combined to calculate the translational and rotational discrepancies between the 3D planning and the actual surgical outcome.ResultsFor the PSI and splint groups the accuracy of left/right positioning was 0.51 mm ± 0.48 and 1.11 mm ± 1.32 respectively. The accuracy of anterior/posterior positioning was 0.39 mm ± 0.26 and 1.42 mm ± 0.87, and that of up/down-positioning was 0.44 mm ± 0.31 and 0.62 mm ± 0.47. The rotational discrepancies were less than 2° in both groups. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that both PSI and splint approaches can accurately transfer the virtual planning into the operating theatre. However, PSIs show an overall higher accuracy, especially for anterior/posterior translational movement (p < 0.002).     

On a definition of the appropriate timing for surgical intervention in orthognathic surgery

Together with the introduction of new orthodontic techniques and minimally invasive surgery protocols, the emergence of modern patient prototypes has given way to novel timing schemes for the handling of dento-maxillofacial deformities. The aim of this study was to define, justify, and systematize the appropriate timing for orthognathic surgery. A retrospective analysis of orthognathic surgery procedures carried out over a 3-year period was performed. Six timing schemes were defined: ‘surgery first’, ‘surgery early’, ‘surgery late’, ‘surgery last’, ‘surgery only’, and ‘surgery never’. Gender, age at surgery, main motivation for treatment, orthodontic treatment length, and number of orthodontic appointments were evaluated. A total of 362 orthognathic procedures were evaluated. The most common approach was ‘surgery late’. While aesthetic improvement was the leading treatment motivation in ‘surgery first’, ‘surgery early’, and ‘surgery last’ cases, occlusal optimization was the chief aim of ‘surgery late’. Sleep-disordered breathing was the main indication for treatment in ‘surgery only’. Compared to ‘surgery late’, orthodontic treatment was substantially shorter in ‘surgery early’ and ‘surgery first’ cases, but the number of orthodontic appointments was similar. In conclusion, the skilful management of dento-maxillofacial deformities requires a comprehensive analysis of patient-, orthodontist-, and surgeon-specific variables. Each timing approach has well-defined indications, treatment planning considerations, and orthodontic and surgical peculiarities.     

计算机辅助导航技术在口腔颌面外科的应用—104例病例分析

目的:探讨计算机辅助导航技术在口腔颌面外科的应用,并评价其效果。方法:选择104例需进行口腔颌面手术的患者,包括陈旧性颧-上颌-眶周骨折34例,颞下颌关节骨性强直27例,骨纤维异常增殖症29例,下颌角肥大畸形9例,颌面部软骨、骨肿瘤3例,面部异物2例。定位钉植入后,拍摄颌面部CT,进行术前设计及模拟,利用镜像技术确定患侧截骨部位、截骨量、骨折复位位置及重建外形。导航辅助下进行手术操作。术后复查CT,与术前设计图像融合,进行手术准确度及导航误差评价。结果:经过点配准和(或)面配准后,所有患者顺利完成导航手术。手术器械实现空间定位,术者能够明确其与解剖结构的位置关系,精确度高,系统误差小于1 mm。术后CT检查示截骨部位、截骨量、骨折复位与术前设计基本一致,平均误差(1.46±0.24)mm。104例患者术后愈合良好,无严重并发症,面部不对称畸形患者术后面形显著改善。结论:计算机辅助导航外科可以实现术前设计、手术模拟及术后预测,有助于提高颌面部手术的精确性,减少创伤,恢复面部对称性,是一种较为理想的颌面部手术辅助方法。     

An integrated orthognathic surgery system for virtual planning and image-guided transfer without intermediate splint

Accurate surgical planning and transfer of the planning in orthognathic surgery are very important in achieving a successful surgical outcome with appropriate improvement. Conventionally, the paper surgery is performed based on a 2D cephalometric radiograph, and the results are expressed using cast models and an articulator. We developed an integrated orthognathic surgery system with 3D virtual planning and image-guided transfer. The maxillary surgery of orthognathic patients was planned virtually, and the planning results were transferred to the cast model by image guidance. During virtual planning, the displacement of the reference points was confirmed by the displacement from conventional paper surgery at each procedure. The results of virtual surgery were transferred to the physical cast models directly through image guidance. The root mean square (RMS) difference between virtual surgery and conventional model surgery was 0.75 ± 0.51 mm for 12 patients. The RMS difference between virtual surgery and image-guidance results was 0.78 ± 0.52 mm, which showed no significant difference from the difference of conventional model surgery. The image-guided orthognathic surgery system integrated with virtual planning will replace physical model surgical planning and enable transfer of the virtual planning directly without the need for an intermediate splint.