Tobacco smoking habits among a complete cross-section of Australian nursing students

This study was undertaken as a complete cross-sectional survey of tobacco smoking habits among 270 undergraduate students at an Australian nursing school (response rate: 84.6%). An anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire survey was used to gather the data. The overall prevalence of current smoking was 15.9%, with a further 8.5% being ex-smokers. The nursing students consumed an average of 11.5 cigarettes per day, they began smoking at 20.8 years of age, and had an average smoking duration of 7.2 years. The students who had previously worked as a nurse were twice as likely to be current smokers. This study suggests that although tobacco smoking remains fairly common among Australian nursing students, its prevalence and distribution vary according to the individual demographics of the group under study. Future researchers will need to consider the changing demographic base from which the new generation of nursing students are drawn.     

Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour

Title.  Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a study assessing tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and how these are influenced by family members and peers.
Background.  Tobacco smoking among nursing students is a serious problem because of the public role model of these future healthcare professionals.
Methods.  The smoking attitude of nursing students attending the 3 year full-time course at the University of Milan in the academic years 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 was investigated. A total of 820 students filled in the self-administered questionnaire and 812 valid questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 87%.
Results.  Forty-four percent of the 812 students were tobacco smokers and 7% former smokers. Among the smoking students 75% had at least one smoking parent, 47% had at least one smoking brother or sister and 87% saw smoking friends.
Conclusion.  There is an urgent need to implement effective anti-smoking measures among nursing students. Decreasing the number of smokers among healthcare professionals would discourage people from smoking and would increase the credibility of anti-smoking campaigns.     

Nursing students' beliefs about smoking, their own smoking behaviors, and use of professional tobacco treatment intervention.

As the largest group of health care professionals, nurses are in a unique position to influence their patients who smoke. They also have more contact with patients than any other provider. The purpose of this survey study was to describe nursing students' beliefs about cigarette smoking, their smoking behaviors, and use of evidence-based tobacco treatment intervention. Of 200 surveyed, undergraduate nursing students, only 6% were smokers. The most inaccurate perception about tobacco treatment was that counseling of less than 3 minutes did not have an effect on improving smoking quit rate. Eight percent of surveyed smokers reported providing tobacco use treatment to all patients who smoke compared with 26% of non-smokers. Smoking-related morbidity and mortality warrant consistent use of clinical practice guidelines by nursing students and professional nurses.     

The influence of friends on smoking commencement and cessation in undergraduate nursing students: a survey

BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. Despite the fact that nurses have an important role in health promotion, and are in a good position to see and reflect on the detrimental effects of tobacco smoking, research has shown that the rate of smoking among nurses is similar to the rest of the population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the attitudes and experiences of undergraduate nursing students in relation to smoking commencement and cessation. It was part of a larger study that explored students smoking behaviours, knowledge and attitudes. METHOD: A non-probability sample of 366 undergraduate nursing students from a large Australian school of nursing and midwifery took part in the study. The participants completed the Smoking and Health Promotion instrument. Ethics approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. RESULTS: Peers and friends were an important influence on the decision to commence smoking. The wish to comply with peer norms was especially prominent in mid-adolescence. Most smokers wanted to cease smoking, and many had tried unsuccessfully to stop on one or more occasions. They conceded that the pleasure they obtained from smoking and the effects of stress acted as barriers to stopping. The participants acknowledged the adverse health effects of smoking and some had already experienced these effects, but neither of these was enough to prompt them to cease. CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate nursing curricula need to place greater emphasis on examining smoking related illnesses, as well as health promotion and role modelling in particular. Health promotion strategies that target peers are needed as an alternative to programmes that use fear or appeals to moral authority to prevent individuals from commencing smoking or encouraging cessation.     

Cognitive dissonance and undergraduate nursing students' knowledge of, and attitudes about, smoking

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although nurses have an important role in health promotion, and are well placed to see the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, studies suggest that they smoke at much the same rate as the general population. AIM: The aim of this paper is to report a study examining undergraduate nursing students' knowledge about the impact of smoking on health, and their attitudes towards smokers and smoking. METHODS: The study took place in 2001, using a non-probability sample of 366 undergraduate nursing students from an Australian university. Participants completed the Smoking and Health Promotion instrument. Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance provided an explanatory framework for the findings. RESULTS: Most respondents who were still smoking began the habit while in high school. Students had greater generic than specialized knowledge about the effects of smoking on health, and there was no significant difference between second and third year students' knowledge. Those who still smoked had less favourable attitudes towards smoking-related health promotion than those who had never smoked or stopped smoking. Non-smokers were more supportive of non-smokers' rights than those who continued to smoke, while those who had stopped smoking were undecided. There was minimal association between levels of knowledge and attitudes about being sensitive to smoking-related health risks. CONCLUSION: The findings have implications for both high school education and undergraduate nursing education, and for the recruitment of students to undergraduate nursing programmes. More attention needs to be given in undergraduate nursing programmes to smoking and smoking-related illnesses, and to nurses' role in smoking health promotion.     

Are nurses prepared to curb the tobacco epidemic in China? A questionnaire survey of schools of nursing

BACKGROUND: Smoking prevalence among Chinese males is the highest in the world and its morbidity and mortality is growing. Previous studies suggested nurses are inadequately prepared to treat tobacco use and dependence. OBJECTIVES: To examine the inclusion and organization of tobacco control content in the undergraduate nursing curriculum of Hong Kong and Mainland China; and the smoking status of faculty and students. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Deans of 32 nursing schools in Hong Kong and China with an undergraduate programme (representing over 12000 students) completed a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Most schools included the health hazards of tobacco (56.3-100%), but few covered tobacco cessation theory (31.3-62.5%), or behavioural (9.4-56.3%) and pharmacological (3.1-34.4%) interventions in the curriculum. Most curricula covered less than 1h of tobacco content per year of study. Nearly all schools (93.1%) reported smoking among faculty but only half reported access to smoking cessation programmes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known study to examine the extent of tobacco control education in the nursing curriculum in China. Results suggested deficiencies in the coverage and clinical practice in smoking and smoking cessation, and recommendations were made to strengthen the curriculum.     

Determination of smoking habits and personality traits among nursing students

The purpose of this research was to determine the smoking habits of students who receive nursing education in universities and their personality traits. We found that 29.2% of the students were habitual smokers, and the average score on the Fagerstr?m Nicotine Dependence Test was 3.4 +/- 2.3. A significant difference in statistical terms was marked between the participants' smoking habits and the self-control factor. Because we found that the level of smoking among individuals with high self-control is rather low, providing information to students on quitting smoking and periodically assessing smoking status are recommended. In addition, individual improvement programs focused on the development of self-control can be added to nursing curricula.     

Tobacco use and baccalaureate nursing students: a study of their attitudes,beliefs and personal behaviours

Aim. To report findings about student nurses' attitudes, beliefs and personal behaviour in relation to tobacco issues. Rationale. Nurses have the potential to influence clients' behaviours and public policy concerning tobacco use. However, a review of the literature suggests that this is not happening. Further understanding of nursing students' attitudes, beliefs and behaviours regarding tobacco use is needed in order to develop strategies which can positively impact on their future health promotion role. Methods. A cross‐sectional survey of the total population of baccalaureate nursing students in one Canadian province was employed. Students were asked to complete a self‐administered questionnaire, which included questions related to their smoking history; stage of behavioural change, and beliefs and attitudes towards tobacco. Students also completed the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) and the Fagerström Nicotine Tolerance Scale. Findings. Two hundred and seventy‐two students (61·9%) responded. Sixty (22·1%) indicated that they smoked daily or in social situations. These smokers were found to have a fairly low level of nicotine dependence and although 91·4% said they wanted to quit, few were actively engaged in the quitting process (16·9%). When comparing the beliefs and attitudes of smoking and non‐smoking students, proportionally more of the non‐smokers agreed that smokers will need close family/friends to help them quit; that the health of society should be protected by laws against smoking; and that nurses should set a non‐smoking example. Non‐smokers indicated more health promoting behaviours on items in the HPLP especially on the variables of physical activity, nutrition and stress management. Conclusions. Nurses have the potential to influence clients' behaviours and public policy concerning tobacco use. Developing future nurses with the knowledge and skill to do so needs to be an important emphasis of nursing curricula.     

Trends in smoking and alcohol consumption among nursing students

ObjectiveTo determine trends in smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as risk behaviors associated with alcohol and driving, among nursing students throughout the diploma in nursing.MethodA longitudinal epidemiological study was performed in a cohort of 81 nursing students of the San Sebastian School of Nursing. Data were collected using a self-administrated, bilingual (Spanish-Basque) questionnaire completed voluntarily and anonymously. The questionnaire was distributed in one of the most highly attended lectures.ResultsNinety-one percent of the cohort (71 students) were women. The percentage of current smokers (25%, 26.7% and 26.9%) and current drinkers (70.4%, 69.7% and 69.6%) showed no change during the 3-year diploma. The percentage of students at risk of an alcohol-related traffic accident was very high and increased during the course (from 32.3% in the first year to 45% in the third).ConclusionsThe present study identifies unhealthy habits and behaviors that do not improve during the diploma in nursing, suggesting that nursing studies do not always help to encourage healthy habits. Therefore, health education programs should be developed to promote healthy habits and life styles.     

本科护生专业承诺在领悟社会支持与学习投入间的中介效应

目的探讨专业承诺在本科护生领悟社会支持与学习投入间的中介作用。方法采用方便抽样法,于2019年4月选取安徽省4所医学院校本科护生768名为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、领悟社会支持量表、大学生专业承诺量表、大学生学习投入问卷对其进行调查。采用SPSS 23.0和AMOS 24.0软件进行数据分析,单因素分析采用t检验、方差分析及Pearson相关分析,变量间关系模型采用结构方程模型进行验证。结果本研究共发放问卷768份,回收有效问卷720份,有效回收率为93.75%。720名本科护生学习投入问卷总分(3.31±0.49)分。不同性别(t=-2.210)、年级(F=6.822)、是否为学生干部(t=3.595)、就读意愿(F=3.243)的本科护生学习投入总分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。领悟社会支持对专业承诺(β=0.40,P<0.01)和学习投入(β=0.13,P<0.01)均具有正向预测作用;专业承诺对学习投入有正向预测作用(β=0.71,P<0.01),专业承诺在领悟社会支持与学习投入间有部分中介作用。结论本科护生领悟社会支持可以通过专业承诺间接影响学习投入,护理教育工作者应采取多种方式加强护生社会支持,提高专业承诺水平,促进护生学习投入。     

Clinical competence and its association with self-efficacy and clinical learning environments among Chinese undergraduate nursing students

Evaluation and cultivation of clinical competence in undergraduate nursing students are essential in nursing education. Self-efficacy and good clinical learning environments are expected to have a positive influence on the clinical competence of undergraduate nursing students, but few studies have focused on the relationships among clinical competence, self-efficacy, and clinical learning environments. This study aimed to examine clinical competence and its association with self-efficacy and clinical learning environments among Chinese undergraduate nursing students. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 1518 undergraduate nursing students being recruited from five medical colleges in China. The nursing students’ clinical competence, self-efficacy, and clinical learning environments were assessed using a set of self-reported questionnaires, including Chinese versions of the Holistic Clinical Assessment Tool; General Self-Efficacy Scale; and Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale. Factors significantly associated with the clinical competence of undergraduate nursing students were professional interest, self-efficacy, and clinical learning environments, accounting for 36.1% of the total variance. Self-efficacy played a mediating role between clinical learning environments and clinical competence. The results of this study can be applied as reference for the enhancement of a nursing education program to improve the clinical competence of Chinese undergraduate nursing students.     

护理本科学生死亡态度调查与分析

目的:了解护理本科学生的死亡态度,为开展护理本科学生死亡教育及制定死亡教育课程规划提供参考。方法:采用由Wong、Reker及Gesser编制的"死亡态度描绘修订版"(Death Attitude Profile-Revised)中译版死亡态度量表及开放式提问对四川省某高校654名护理本科学生进行问卷调查。结果:被调查者的死亡态度大致为中等程度。其中自然接受维度得分最高,为4.040;死亡恐惧与死亡逃避维度得分居中,分别为2.956和3.158;逃离接受与趋近接受维度得分较低,分别为2.223和2.166。开放式提问结果经分析归纳后呈现多元化死亡态度,其中以正向态度为主,占60.7%。结论:护理本科学生的死亡态度普遍为自然接受,但仍有部分学生对死亡持逃避和恐惧态度,不能坦然面对,因此有必要加强护理本科学生死亡教育,使其形成正向死亡态度;同时,有必要针对护理本科学生死亡教育需求及内涵作更系统、更全面的研究。     

Nursing students' and faculty members' knowledge of, experience with, and attitudes toward complementary and alternative therapies

This study was designed to describe and compare the knowledge, experience, and attitudes of nursing faculty and students (undergraduate and graduate) regarding complementary and alternative therapies (CAT). A cross-sectional survey (N = 153) of undergraduate (n = 41) and graduate (n = 57) students and faculty (n = 55) was conducted in one school of nursing. Most participants were White (87%) and female (78%). More than 70% of the students and faculty agreed that clinical care should integrate the use of CAT. More than 85% desired more education about CAT, especially in undergraduate nursing curricula. More than 65% agreed that the clinical nurse specialist or nurse practitioner role should include the use of CAT in their practice, and more than 50% agreed that they had some knowledge of CAT, but only approximately 30% had some experience with CAT. Faculty and students expressed positive attitudes toward integrating CAT into the undergraduate nursing curriculum and nursing practice. Faculty development and nursing research are needed to facilitate curriculum change and integrate CAT into nursing programs at all levels.     

Promoting smoking cessation among nursing students: how faculty can help

Cigarette smoking is a major health issue in the United States. Research has shown that more than a quarter of young adults aged 18-24 are smokers, and there has been a recent rise in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among college students. Many researchers have investigated smoking among nursing students, in the United States and worldwide. This article provides an overview of these research findings and a discussion of interventions that may help promote smoking cessation. Nurse faculty are encouraged to take a lead in smoking cessation efforts.     

客观结构化临床考试在护理本科生毕业考核中的应用

目的 分析客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）在护理本科生毕业考核中的应用情况,以促进考试改革.方法 以我院2006级110名护理本科生为研究对象,于毕业实习结束后开展OSCE多站式考试,对学生考试成绩进行统计.结果 本次OSCE考试信效度较好,成绩能反映学生的真实水平.结论 应用OSCE进行护理本科生考核是科学有效的临床护理能力评价方法.     

护理专业本科生对开展中外合作办学的态度研究

目的调查护理专业本科生对开展中外合作办学的态度。方法采用自设问卷对747名护理专业本科生进行关于开展中外合作办学态度的调查。结果 75.1%的学生认为有必要开展合作办学,51.1%的学生认为中外合作办学对自己最大的影响是提高综合素质;37.8%的学生愿意参加国际护士执业水平考试;不同性别、年级、学习成绩、英语水平和英语喜好的学生态度有所不同(P<0.05)。结论护理专业本科生对开展中外合作办学持积极态度。不同特征的学生对中外合作办学的态度有所不同,护理教育者应了解相关信息,以促进中外合作办学的顺利开展。