慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒前C区基因突变与干扰素的关系

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术扩增乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）ＤＮＡ前Ｃ和部分Ｃ区基因，快速检测ＨＢＶ前Ｃ终止密码突变方法，对慢性乙型肝炎患者干扰素治疗与ＨＢＶ前Ｃ突变关系作了初步研究。６例干扰素治疗后４例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转阴，２例阳性者均检出突变株。１１例非干扰素治疗者中，检出突变株３例。１例干扰素治疗１个月后ＨＢＶｅ抗累（ＨＢｅＡｇ）转阴，优势病毒株已由突变株与野生株共存状态替代原有野生株，提示干扰素治疗后ＨＢｅＡｇ转阴并不意味着ＨＢＶ被清除，而有潜在ＨＢＶ前Ｃ突变的可能。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV前C基因突变与干扰素关系的初步研究

应用ＰＣＲ技术扩增ＨＢＶＤＮＡ前Ｃ和部分Ｃ区基因，快速检测ＨＢＶ前Ｃ终止密码突变方法，作者对慢性乙肝患者干扰素治疗与ＨＢＶ前Ｃ突变关系作了初步研究。６例干扰素治疗后４例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转阴，２例阳性者均检出突变株。１１例非干扰素治疗者中，检出突变株３例。１例干扰素治疗一个月后ＨＢｅＡｇ转阴，优势病毒株已由突变株与野生株共存状态替代原有野生株，由此提示，干扰素治疗后ＨＢｅＡｇ转阴，并不意味着ＨＢＶ被清除，而有潜在ＨＢＶ前Ｃ突变的可能。     

乙型肝炎患者血清中HBcAg与HBV复制指标的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者血清ＨＢｃＡｇ与ＨＢＶ复制指标的关系及临床意义．方法对３１１例乙型肝炎患者进行了ＨＢｃＡｇ检测，并同时进行酶联法乙肝五项、地高辛法ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检测，其中２３７例进行乙肝ＤＮＡ聚合酶（ＤＮＡＰ）检测．结果ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性组的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率（７７６％），明显高于ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性组（３５５％，Ｐ＜００１）；在ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性组中，抗ＨＢｅ阳性者仍能检出２９９％（４４／１４７）ＨＢＶＤＮＡ者阳性；ＨＢｅＡｇ，ＨＢｃＡｇ均阳性者其ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＤＮＡＰ的检出率高达８５９％；其他依次为ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗ＨＢｅ和ＨＢｃＡｇ均阳性者７１４％，抗ＨＢｅ，ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性者６９２％，ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性，ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性者６８４％，抗ＨＢｅ阳性，ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性者２７６％．结论血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，ＤＮＡＰ，ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢｃＡｇ均是反映乙肝病毒复制的敏感指标，抗ＨＢｅ的出现并不表示病毒复制停止，应参考其他病毒复制指标情况．各种指标的不同组合可以清楚地反映出患者体内病毒复制状况．     

HBV前C基因突变株感染者血清抗-HBe效价及特异性细胞免疫功能研究

用ＰＣＲ及寡核苷酸探针杂交技术筛选出ＨＢＶ前Ｃ基因突变株、野毒株感染者ＨＢＶ已清除者,以血清性ＨＢｓＡｇ及Ｃ细胞识别的抗原表位ＨＢｃＡｇ５０－６９合成多肽为特异性刺激原在体外进行淋巴转化实验,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测突变株感染者及ＨＢＶ已清除者血清抗－ＨＢｅ效价。结果突变感染者抗－ＨＢｅ效价显著高于ＨＢＶ已清除者;对ＨＢｓＡｇ的应答,突变组其余各组差异无显著性。对合成多肽的应答,突变组显著低于其余各组     

拉米夫定治疗HBeAg阴性的慢性HBV感染近期临床观察

观察和评价拉米夫定治疗ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性慢性ＨＢＶ感染的近期疗效。ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性／ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性的慢性ＨＢｖ感染者２６例（包括１１例乙肝肝硬化），ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性／ＨＢＶ　ＤＮＡ阳性的慢性ＨＢＶ感染者３０例（包括１０例乙肝肝硬化），均以拉米夫定治疗６个月后进行疗效评价，并继续观察５－１６个月。两组的ＡＬＴ／ＡＳＴ复常率分别为８４．７％／８８．５％和８６．７％／８６．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５），肝硬化患者Ｃｈｉｌｄ－Ｐｕｇｈ积分均明显下降，ＨＢＶ　ＤＮＡ全部阴转。ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性组３例发生ＹＭＤＤ变异，ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组无１例变异。拉米夫定对于ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性／ＨＢＶ　ＤＮＡ阳性者，同样是十分安全有效的抗病毒治疗药物。ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性者的耐药发生率可能低于ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性者。     

血清HBeAg阴性与HBeAg/IC及A1896变异的关系

目的探讨血清ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性（双抗体夹心法）与ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ形成及ＨＢＶ变异株Ａ１８９６的关系，评价ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ检测的临床意义．方法单克隆抗ＨＢｅ固相ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清中ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ；套式多聚酶链反应检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ；３＇碱基特异多聚酶链反应判断Ａ１８９６变异；ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗ＨＢｅ，研究对象为１１７例慢性ＨＢＶ感染者，２０例健康对照统计处理采用卡方检验．结果ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ阳性血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率明显高于ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ阴性血清，Ｐ＜０００１（９１３％ｖｓ３６２％）；２９份ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性血清中仅５例（１７２％）检出Ａ１８９６，而且其中２例与野毒株（Ｇ１８９６）混合感染并伴ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ阳性．２９份中１７份（５８７％）为ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ阳性的Ｇ１８９６感染；血清抗ＨＢｅ阳性组Ａ１８９６检出率高于抗ＨＢｅ阴性组，Ｐ＜００５（２５％ｖｓ３２％）．结论ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ为ＨＢＶ活跃复制指标；临床ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性患者仍多数为Ｇ１８９６感染，ＨＢｅＡｇ／ＩＣ形致双抗体夹心法不能检出ＨＢｅＡｇ；抗ＨＢｅ应答可能为促使前Ｃ变异的重要因素     

小儿乙型肝炎血清,病理及免疫病理分析

本文通过检测１５例小儿病毒性肝炎患者血清ＨＡＶ、ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ标志及肝组织内ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ发现ＨＡＶ和ＨＣＶ标志全部阴性，ＨＢＶ标志全部阳性。１５例ＨＢＶ感染中，血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性１１例。其中ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）、ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）９例，ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）、ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）２例。综合血清其它的感染指标与肝脏病理及免疫病理的变化对１１例血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性病例作了重要分析。进一步证实ＨＢｅＡｇ为临     

HDV感染与HBV血清标志物的关系

目的分析ＨＤＶ感染与ＨＢＶ血清标志物的关系方法选ＨＢＶ血清标志物阳性患者，同时进行ＨＤＶ感染的检测．供血员做正常对照．ＨＤＶ感染和ＨＢＶ血清标志物皆用相应酶联免疫吸附实验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）．结果２８９例ＨＢＶ血清标志物阳性患者中，有４０例ＨＤＶ感染阳性，阳性率为１３８％．在ＨＢＳＡｂ（＋）组，无ＨＤＶ感染阳性者检出；在ＨＢＳＡｇ（＋）或ＨＢＣＡｂ（＋）或ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）组患者中，ＨＤＶ感染阳性率分别达１７６％，１８８％、２５２％，明显高于ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）组（１０９％）；并且ＨＤＶ感染阳性率在ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）患者中，高达２６２％，明显高于ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）者（１０９％）．结论①ＨＤＶ感染性率在ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）患者中高于ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）患者．②ＨＤＶ感染阳性率与ＨＢＶ复制的速度和数量不全相关．     

海藻硫酸多糖抗乙型肝炎病毒的实验研究

１．材料与方法：海藻硫酸多糖（ＳＰＳ）是自制的一种天然硫酸酯多糖。在ＨＢＶ基因转染的人肝癌细胞系 ２．２．１５细胞中，观察ＳＰＳ在对ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢｓＡｇ的抑制作用，以齐多夫定和灵芝多糖作为对照药物。选用鸭肝炎动物模型，以阿昔洛韦为阳性对照，观察ＳＰＳ对ＤＨＢＶ感染鸭血清ＤＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ水平的抑制作用。 ２．结果：ＳＰＳ在 ２．２．１５细胞培养中对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ的分泌有明显抑制作用，随着ＳＰＳ浓度的增高，对ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢｓＡｇ表达的抑制作用增强，最高抑制率分别为７０．１％±４．２％（ＩＣ５…     

特异性乙型肝炎病毒X基因反义核酸体外抗病毒作用

为了观察互补于乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）Ｘ基因的三段硫代反义核酸（ＡＳＯＮ）体外抗病毒作用，采用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＡＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＡＳＯＮ作用前后２，２，１５细胞上清中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原、ｅ抗原及Ｘ抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢｘＡｇ）含量变化及细胞原位杂交检测细胞内ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量变化。结果表明，三段ＡＳＯＮ均可抑制ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢｘＡｇ的表达，其抑制率分别为８０．６５％、６２．７６％和７８．０７％；细胞内ＨＢＶＤＮＡ也明显减少。据此认为，ＨＢｘＡｇ表达量下降可能系ＡＳＯＮ序列特异性封闭作用所致，而ＨＢ－ｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ表达量以及ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量降低，可能是通过ＨＢｘＡｇ对ＨＢＶＤＮＡ启动子的反式激活功能降低而实现的。     

Serum hepatitis B virus DNA in acute hepatitis type B

Sera obtained within 7 days after clinical onset of acute hepatitis type B were positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by spot hybridization only in 4 out of 45 patients who subsequently recovered, but in 10 out of 10 patients who instead developed chronic infection. These results indicate that in uncomplicated acute hepatitis B, virus replication is limited to an early phase of infection, often preceding the onset of clinical symptoms, and suggest that serum HBV-DNA may represent an early and predictive marker of chronicity.     

Isoniazid-rifampin-induced hepatitis in hepatitis B carriers

From January 1984-December 1987, 1783 patients received combination therapy of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol for the control of tuberculosis. Forty-two developed symptomatic hepatitis during the period of treatment. Fifteen were hepatitis B virus carriers, and the remaining 27 were noncarriers. The peak serum transaminase and bilirubin levels were higher in carriers. Seven carriers died of fulminant or subacute hepatic failure, and only 1 noncarrier died. Eleven carriers had detectable serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid during the acute stage of hepatitis. The roles of isoniazid-rifampin combination therapy and hepatitis B virus in the adverse outcomes of carriers were discussed.     

Profile of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND: Although chronic hepatitis B occurs in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients, its prevalence and clinical significance are not known. AIM: To determine the prevalence and profile of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 363 consecutive patients (mean age 36 y; 288 men) with chronic HBV infection was performed. All patients were HBsAg-positive. Tests for liver profile, HBeAg and anti-HBe antibody were performed in all patients. Serum HBV DNA was tested using branched DNA assay in 245 patients. The patients were classified into three groups: no cirrhosis with normal ALT levels, no cirrhosis with elevated ALT levels, and clinical or histological evidence of cirrhosis. RESULTS: Of 363 patients, 141 (39%) were HBeAg-positive and 222 (61%) HBeAg-negative. Of HBeAg-negative patients, 120 (54%) had normal ALT, 45 (20%) had elevated ALT and 57 (26%) had evidence of cirrhosis; corresponding figures in the HBeAg-positive patients were 40 (28%), 66 (47%) and 35 (25%). HBV DNA was positive in 53 of 131 (40%) HBeAg-negative patients tested; of these 53 patients, 9 (17%) had normal ALT, 20 (38%) had elevated ALT and 24 (45%) had cirrhosis. Thus, 72% of HBeAg-positive and 46% of HBeAg-negative patients had elevated ALT and/or cirrhosis. Among the latter group, 83% of HBV DNA-positive patients had elevated ALT and/or cirrhosis. Overall, 18% of HBsAg-positive patients had HBeAg-negative, HBV DNA-positive liver disease. CONCLUSION: HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B is not an uncommon and benign entity and chronic liver disease develops in a significant proportion of such patients.