De novo cavernoma case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND: De novo cavernoma, reported with the familial form of disease, is rare in cases with a negative family history. Cranial radiation, coexistent vascular malformation, genetic and hormonal factors, previous surgery for intracranial lesions, or other apparently unrelated intracranial lesions have been reported as risk factors. METHODS: We report a case of de novo cavernoma without a family history and without previous irradiation or any other known risk factors. The genesis of this lesion is discussed. RESULTS: To our knowledge, this is the first case, based on two separate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, demonstrating evidence of de novo cavernous malformations in the absence of familial history, brain radiation therapy, or other apparently unrelated intracranial tissue lesions. Based on previous negative computed tomography scans, other cases have been presented as de novo cavernous angiomas; thus it is possible that the newly discovered cavernoma existed previously but had been missed on previous poorer quality or lower resolution imaging studies. CONCLUSIONS: Cavernoma can arise even without an associat family history; in our case, a previous head injury could have set off either a genetic cascade with attendant endothelial proliferation or a latent virus.     

De novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are generally thought to have a congenital cause. This is the first report of an angiographically proven de novo cerebral AVM in an adult patient without previous vascular abnormality. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old African-American woman developed multiple cranial nerve deficits and ataxia over the course of a few days after a streptococcal throat infection. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a hyperintense signal in the midbrain with extension into the diencephalon. A cerebral angiogram performed at that time to exclude vasculitis revealed normal cerebral vasculature. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, and symptoms resolved. Subsequently, at the age of 32, this patient presented with a severe headache and emesis, but with no focal neurological deficit. INTERVENTION: The patient's cranial computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a right posterior temporal intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and cerebral angiography revealed a new 3- by 2-cm AVM. The patient underwent microsurgical resection of the AVM and associated hematoma. Postoperative angiography revealed no evidence of residual AVM. CONCLUSION: This study details the case of a woman who developed a de novo cerebral AVM during a 6-year period. This report challenges the conventional belief that all AVMs have a congenital cause.     

De novo presentation of an arteriovenous malformation. Case report and review of the literature

The authors report the case of a patient with a de novo arteriovenous malformation (AVM), indicating that the origin of these lesions may not always be congenital. A 3-year-old girl who was struck by a car suffered a mild head injury and experienced posttraumatic epilepsy. The initial magnetic resonance (MR) image obtained in this child revealed only a small contusion in the left frontal lobe. Intractable epilepsy subsequently developed. A second MR image obtained almost 4 years after the injury demonstrated an AVM in the right posterior temporal lobe that was verified using angiography. The lesion was classified as a Spetzler-Martin Grade III AVM. The patient underwent embolization of the feeding vessels followed by gamma knife surgery. Fourteen months after treatment she was asymptomatic. Follow-up MR images demonstrate no evidence of an AVM and no changes in the white matter. This case presents a de novo AVM that developed within approximately 4 years. The findings indicate that AVMs may not always be congenital and reinforce the concept that the natural history of AVMs is dynamic. Lesions may appear de novo, grow, and thrombose spontaneously.     

Multiple intracerebral arteriovenous malformations. A case report and literature review

The presence of multiple intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in a single patient has only been very rarely reported. We present a patient with three separate angiographically demonstrable intracerebral AVMs, all of which were radiologically demonstrated and surgically removed without residual neurological deficit. A literature survey was conducted and all the previously described cases of multiple intracerebral AVMs are discussed, along with the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

肝移植术后新发食管癌1例临床分析并文献复习

目的探讨肝移植术后新发食管癌的发病情况、危险因素、预防及治疗。方法对2003年8月至2008年12月中山大学附属第三医院肝移植中心行肝移植术后生存半年以上并能接受定期随访的416例受者,观察其新发恶性肿瘤的情况,分析新发食管癌患者的临床资料,同时进行文献复习。结果该中心肝移植术后新发食管癌1例,发生率为0．24％（国外平均发生率为0．11％）。该例男性患者肝移植时年龄为49岁,术前有长期吸烟史和嗜酒史,术后不完全戒酒、戒烟,术后46个月发现食管癌,从确诊新发食管癌至死亡历时10个月,死于肿瘤进展、多器官功能衰竭。结论烟酒史、免疫抑制过强是肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的危险因素,针对高危因素进行规范随诊以及优化免疫抑制方案,是早期防治和提高疗效的关键。     

De novo aneurysm formation following carotid ligation: case report and review of the literature

The authors report a patient with an aneurysm of the carotid siphon who underwent ligation of the cervical carotid artery. Six years after this procedure, the patient suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage from an apparent de novo aneurysm. Pertinent literature is reviewed to determine the incidence of this occurrence, and congenital arteriosclerotic and hemodynamic factors causing aneurysm enlargement are discussed.     

肾移植术后新发宫颈癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨肾移植术后新发宫颈癌的诊治和筛查方法。方法 2009年11月3日,中山大学附属第一医院妇产科收治1例55岁肾移植术后4年的新发宫颈鳞癌患者,外院宫颈环形电刀锥切术病理结果示"宫颈中、低分化鳞状细胞浸润癌",B型超声(B超)示宫颈大小22mm×26mm×34mm,宫颈后壁肌层内见12mm×7mm大小的低回声区。诊断为肾移植术后新发宫颈鳞状细胞癌(国际妇产科联盟临床分期Ⅱa期)。予腹腔镜下行广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后补充拓扑替康单药化学药物治疗(化疗)4个疗程,第1个疗程0.75mg/m2静脉滴注,每日1次,连用4d,间隔21d,共行4个疗程,并于第2～4个疗程调整拓扑替康剂量为1.25mg/m2。术后调整免疫抑制治疗方案,停用泼尼松,环孢素改用原剂量的1/4,继续应用麦考酚吗乙酯,并嘱定期规则随访。结果患者手术顺利,对单药拓扑替康辅助化疗耐受良好,除出现Ⅲ度骨髓抑制外,未发生排斥反应及其它并发症。出院后定期随访,随访至投稿日患者已健康存活32个月,复查肾功能正常、鳞状细胞癌抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCCA)正常,生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒(-),阴道细胞学涂片正常,未见肿瘤复发表现。结论肾移植术后新发宫颈癌的早期治疗以根治性手术为主,肾移植术后接受规范筛查有助于早期发现宫颈癌。     

肝移植术后新发胃癌1例临床分析附文献复习

目的 总结肝移植术后新发胃癌的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2009年12月间在中山大学附属第三医院共实施肝移植术726例,其中1例肝移植术后新发胃癌病例回顾该例临床资料,并进行文献复习.结果 该院肝移植术后新发胃癌发生率0.14 %(1/726).患者男性,肝移植时年龄为57岁,诊断肿瘤时年龄为59岁.从...     

肝移植术后新发肺癌1例临床分析附文献复习

目的探讨肝移植术后新发肺癌的临床特点、危险因素、预防及治疗。方法回顾性分析2003年10月至2009年12月间接受肝移植术的726例受者中的1例新发肺癌病例的临床资料。结果该院肝移植术后新发肺癌发生率0.14%（1/726）。该例为男性,肝移植时年龄为57岁,从接受肝移植手术至发生肿瘤历时26个月,从确诊新发肺癌至死亡历时10个月,死于肿瘤进展、多器官功能衰竭。结论肝移植术后新发肺癌的发生率较低;确诊时间较晚,疗效不佳;重视肝移植术后随访,早期诊断和早期治疗新发肺癌是提高疗效的关键措施。     

De novo membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis III in a renal transplant patient: case report and review of the literature

Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a rare cause of renal failure with a cumulative incidence of 0.3% of all ESRD and 4% of all primary glomerulonephritis for types I and II. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type III is more uncommon and idiopathic de novo MPGN III in a renal transplant patient has not been reported. We present the case of a 57-year old white female patient with a diagnosis of lithium toxicity as cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) who developed MPGN III in her allograft 6 years after a renal transplant. Despite treatment, she progressed to ESRD within four and a half years from the time of diagnosis.     

De novo aneurysm formation and regression after brain arteriovenous malformation embolization: case report

BACKGROUND: The formation of de novo aneurysms is a known complication of vessel occlusion (Wright RL, Sweet WH. Carotid or vertebral occlusion in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: value of early and late readings of carotid and retinal pressures. Clin Neurosurg 1962:9;163-192). Aneurysms most commonly develop on newly formed primary collateral routes as a result of increased flow through these collaterals. Development of aneurysms is not commonly seen in vessels whose flow has been directly decreased by therapeutic or natural occlusion. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53-year-old woman with an intracerebral hemorrhage underwent cerebral angiography which demonstrated a right parietal AVM. An enlarged right ACA gave rise to 3 direct feeding pedicles. Leptomeningeal collaterals from the right MCA as well as the right PCA also gave collateral supply to the AVM. The lesion had superficial drainage into the superior sagittal sinus and deep venous drainage into the right posterior pericallosal vein. No feeding artery aneurysms or intranidal aneurysms were present. Treatment plan included preoperative embolization followed by surgical resection. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a de novo aneurysm forming and regressing in an artery hemodynamically related to an embolized AVM. The short timescale of its development (6 weeks) is also noteworthy. The spontaneous regression suggests that at least some aneurysms forming in vessels after abrupt decrease in distal runoff may have a self-limited course. Such lesions may do best if not subjected to direct endovascular or surgical treatment.     

De novo germinoma in the brain in association with Klinefelter's syndrome: case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: There are no previous reports about de novo germ cell tumors without any past history of germ cell tumor. We describe a case of de novo cerebral germinoma in association with Klinefelter's syndrome. CASE DESCRIPTION: A boy had undergone growth hormone therapy for dwarfism because of hypopituitarism from 10 to 17 years old. The result of karyotyping at the age of 13 was 47,XXY. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain at the age of 17 years showed no lesions. Two years later, at the age of 19, the patient noticed onset of mild right hemiparesis. MR imaging revealed the existence of a brain tumor in the left temporal lobe and hypothalamus. The patient underwent an operation and the histologic diagnosis of the lesion was germinoma. After postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the lesion disappeared and the patient was discharged uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a germ cell tumor to be de novo without any past history of other germ cell tumor and the seventh case in which it occurred in association with Klinefelter's syndrome.     

Multiple intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Multiple intracerebral arteriovenous malformations are thought to be exceedingly rare lesions and have usually been reported as single cases. During the past 2 years, we have treated three patients with multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations, representing 3.2% of a consecutive series of 95 arteriovenous malformation patients seen since 1976. Details on 17 other cases are available in the literature and are summarized here. The incidence of multiple arteriovenous malformations in major series ranges from 0.3% to 3.2%; the average incidence is 1.9% based on 21 cases encountered in a total population of 1102 arteriovenous malformation patients. Patients with multiple arteriovenous malformations often have other vascular anomalies of the brain or soft tissues, but the clinical mode of presentation, age, sex, and anatomical distribution of the lesions are the same as those of patients with single arteriovenous malformations. The use of four-vessel angiography in combination with magnetic resonance imaging may result in a higher detection rate for such cases.     

Bilateral arteriovenous malformations: case report.

The authors describe a case of supratentorial bilateral arteriovenous malformations in a patient who suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage. It was radiologically demonstrated that the arteriovenous malformations were separate and bilateral, located in the temporal lobes. They were removed in two operations with preoperative embolization of one. The patient did well with no neurological damage.     

Multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations: case report

The authors describe a case of multiple supratentorial intracranial arteriovenous malformations in a patient with a family history of cerebrovascular disease. There was no sign of any other vascular dysplasia. A brief review of this rare entity is given.