应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣修复足部创面

目的 探讨应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面的临床疗效.方法 应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面共7例,其中足背创面缺损4例,足跟创面2例,足底创面1例.缺损面积:6cm×4 cm～18cm×9 cm大小.其中5例穿支皮瓣吻接了股前皮神经支,供区创面直接缝合3例,游离植皮4例.结果 本组7例皮瓣全部成活,未出现血管危象.随访3～9个月,皮瓣质地良好,其中吻合皮神经的穿支皮瓣恢复了保护性感觉.供区功能无影响.结论 应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面,临床效果满意.     

小腿穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足皮肤缺损

目的 探讨小腿穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足部皮肤软组织缺损的方法. 方法 2010年1月至2012年12月,游离穿支皮瓣移植修复前足部皮肤软组织缺损11例,其中男9例,女2例,年龄33 ～ 62岁,平均43岁.创面面积5 cm×3 cm～11 cm×6 cm,均伴有骨质、肌腱外露.其中腓动脉穿支皮瓣7例,胫后动脉穿支皮瓣4例. 结果 所有皮瓣均顺利成活.随访3 ～ 24个月,平均13个月,皮瓣质地、外观良好,无需二次手术修薄. 结论 小腿穿支皮瓣质地良好不臃肿,穿支血管稳定可靠,修复前足皮肤软组织缺损的良好选择.     

端侧吻合动脉行游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨端侧吻合动脉行游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的效果.方法 采用端侧吻合动脉行游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复21例患者四肢皮肤软组织缺损创面.缺损面积2 cm×2 cm～10 cm×7 cm,皮瓣切取面积3 cm×3 cm～11 cm×8 cm.结果 患者均获得随访,时间2～10个月.21...     

腓动脉终末穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管岛状皮瓣修复前足供区创面

目的 总结以腓动脉终末穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足趾游离移植后前足供区创面的手术方法 及临床应用效果. 方法 2005年3月-2007年10月,收治15例手指缺损患者.男11例,女4例:年龄20～45岁,平均33.6岁.致伤原因:机器压轧伤12例,车祸伤3例.其中拇指缺损12例,示、中、环、小指缺损2例,全手指缺损1例.急诊入院6例,伤后3～5个月行二期再造术9例.术中采用足趾游离移植重建手指后,前足供区软组织缺损范围6 cm × 4 cm～12 cm × 6 cm:以腓动脉终末穿支的降支为皮瓣旋转轴点,切取10 cm×4 cm～14 cm×6 cm腓浅神经营养血管岛状皮瓣移位修复足部供区创面,皮瓣供区以中厚皮片植皮修复. 结果 术后皮瓣均成活,供、受区伤口Ⅰ期愈合.皮瓣供区植皮成活.除1根再造示指坏死外,余再造指均成活.患者均获随访,随访时间6～18个月,平均11个月.皮瓣质地优良,外观及足部功能恢复良好,两点辨别觉为10～13 mm.供区植皮处无明显不适,未见痛性神经瘤形成.再造指感觉及抓捏功能均有一定程度恢复. 结论 腓动脉终末穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠、不牺牲主干血管、厚薄及质地适中、手术操作简便,是修复足趾游离移植再造手指后前足供区缺损创面的一种较好方法 .     

削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足创面

目的 探讨削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足创面的临床效果. 方法 2010年1月至2012年6月,应用削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足创面6例,其中足背创面4例,足趾创面2例;缺损面积为3.0cm×5.0cm～5.5cm×8.0cm;4例供区直接缝合,2例供区创面植皮修复. 结果 本组6例皮瓣全部成活,未出现血管危象.随访3 ～12个月,原缺损部位外形及功能恢复满意,供区外形功能无明显影响. 结论 削薄腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣血管解剖恒定,皮瓣质地好,厚薄适中,供区破坏小,是游离移植修复前足创面的新选择,值得在临床上推广应用.     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复足部鳞状细胞癌切除术后软组织缺损

目的探讨以腓肠内侧动脉穿支血管为蒂的游离皮瓣移植修复足部鳞状细胞癌切除术后软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2017年6月至2019年12月,在广州市番禺区中医院手足显微创面修复外科就诊并诊断为足部高分化鳞状细胞癌的慢性创面患者7例,采用同侧肢体腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复其肿瘤切除术后软组织缺损创面,其中男4例,女3例,年龄24～68岁,平均37岁。病灶切除术后创面大小为2.5 cm×5.5 cm～4.0 cm×8.0 cm,皮瓣切取面积3.0 cm×6.0 cm～4.5 cm×10.0 cm,7例皮瓣供区均直接缝合。术后对患者进行定期随访,随访内容包括皮瓣色泽及质地、皮瓣感觉的恢复、行走功能的恢复及供区愈合情况。结果术后7例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣术后出现边缘坏死,经积极换药治疗后,创面愈合。随访时间12～18个月,平均15.1个月。皮瓣质地柔软、富有弹性、不臃肿,足部承重功能良好,供区仅留线形瘢痕,腓肠肌收缩有力,行走时步态正常。皮瓣受区无渗液、窦道、慢性溃疡改变,癌变无复发及淋巴结转移。3例缝接皮神经的足部皮瓣恢复保护性感觉。结论采用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复足部鳞状细胞癌切除术...     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣或隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨利用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣或隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的效果及手术技术.方法 2006年8月至2012年4月,对足踝部软组织缺损患者25例,创面范围4.0cm×5.5 cm～11.0 cm×23.0 cm.其中,足背软组织缺损采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复20例,足底软组织缺损采用游离隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复5例.结果 术后25例皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3～ 50个月,平均(18.0±0.8)个月.皮瓣修复后外形大部满意,皮瓣末梢二点辨别觉为10～22 mm,股前外和隐动脉穿支皮瓣组术后3个月随访,恢复S2+以上感觉分别为13/20和5/5例.结论 股前外穿支皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损较合适,隐动脉穿支用于修复足底软组织缺损.避免受区二次手术整形,重视皮瓣供区处理.负压封闭引流技术对开放性损伤导致创面的皮瓣成活有明显促进作用.     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨以腓肠内侧动脉穿支血管为蒂的穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手足深部组织外露创面的临床疗效. 方法 对两具新鲜尸体行全身动脉造影,并对小腿部动脉进行二维显影和三维重建.2007年4月至2010年12月,我科应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手、足部皮肤缺损34例.其中,手部25例,足部9例;感染创面12例,清洁创面22例,皮肤缺损面积6 cm×4 cm～13 cm×8cm,皮瓣切取面积为7cm×5cm～ 14cm×9cm.23例皮瓣由1条穿支血管营养,余11例由2条穿支营养;15例在切取皮瓣时解剖出1条浅静脉与受区浅静脉吻合,9例皮瓣通过缝合皮神经重建感觉.结果 将小腿后区分为5个血管区,并获得腓肠动脉及其分支的三维重建图像.临床应用29例皮瓣均顺利成活,5例皮瓣出现水泡,经拆线处理最终成活.随访6～21个月,皮瓣色泽与受区相似,无明显臃肿,9例缝合皮神经的手背部皮瓣感觉恢复为S2～S3. 结论 腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣的血管解剖较恒定,皮瓣薄且柔软,不损伤小腿主要血管及腓肠肌,是手、足刨面修复的良好选择.     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣在手背小型缺损创面中的应用

目的探讨应用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手背小型缺损创面的临床疗效。方法采用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复13例手背小型缺损创面患者。创面面积为3. 7 cm×6. 5 cm～5. 0 cm×7. 8 cm,设计皮瓣面积为4. 5 cm×7. 0 cm～6. 0 cm×9. 0 cm,供区均直接缝合。结果 13例皮瓣全部成活,其中12例顺利成活,l例术后出现静脉危象,经手术探查后皮瓣成活。患者均获得随访,时间10～36个月。皮瓣色泽与周围正常皮肤相似,无臃肿,质地柔软。小腿供区仅存留较小的线状瘢痕。结论腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣血管解剖相对恒定、血供可靠,皮瓣切取较简单,局部损伤小,血管蒂长,皮下脂肪含量较少,应用其修复手背小型缺损创面,可获得满意效果。     

腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手足部软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手足部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2007年6月-2009年6月,应用腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手、足软组织缺损8例;其中足背缺损2例,(躅)趾背侧缺损1例,手背缺损2例,手指缺损3例;缺损面积为3.0 cm× 4.5 cm～ 5.0 cm×11.0 cm,5例供区直接缝合,3例供区小面积植皮.结果 本组8例穿支皮瓣全部成活.随访3～ 12个月,原缺损部位外形及功能恢复满意,供区外形功能无明显影响.结论 应用腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手足软组织缺损,临床效果满意,是一种较好的修复方法.     

逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损

目的评价逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对25例足踝部软组织缺损的患者采用逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复。其中,以腓动脉终末穿支的升支为蒂19例,以其降支为蒂6例。软组织缺损大小10cm×9cm～4cm×3cm,皮瓣面积11cm×9.5cm～6cm×5cm。结果 23例皮瓣完全存活,另2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后植皮修复。皮瓣术后轻度肿胀,无瘀血。术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地优良,蒂部无臃肿。结论以腓动脉穿支为蒂的腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠、质地优良,是修复足、踝软组织缺损的良好选择。     

游离腓动脉穿支筋膜瓣修复手部皮肤缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓动脉穿支筋膜瓣修复手部软组织缺损,减少供区损伤的方法和临床效果.方法 2007年12月至2009年10月,对6例手部皮肤缺损患者,应用游离腓动脉肌皮穿支筋膜瓣进行修复,切取面积为5.0 cm×4.5 cm～10.0 cm×7.0 cm,以肌皮穿支为蒂.动脉血管蒂与受区血管采用端侧吻合,受区筋膜瓣行断层植皮覆盖.供区创面直接缝合.结果 术后6例筋膜瓣全部存活;术后7 d,筋膜表面植皮成活大于90%4例,80%2例.随访时间为3～12个月,1例皮瓣臃肿,术后3个月行皮瓣修整术;5例皮瓣略臃肿,外观满意.小腿供区仅留线条瘢痕.结论 腓动脉穿支筋膜瓣是在腓动脉穿支皮瓣基础上的改良,目的 是减少供区创伤,改善小腿外观.筋膜瓣本身可以填充组织缺损,为功能重建提供条件.     

Foot and ankle reconstruction: An experience on the use of 14 different flaps in 226 cases

The aim of this report was to present our experience on the use of different flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle. From 2007 to 2012, the soft tissue defects of traumatic injuries of the foot and ankle were reconstructed using 14 different flaps in 226 cases (162 male and 64 female). There were 62 pedicled flaps and 164 free flaps used in reconstruction. The pedicled flaps included sural flap, saphenous flap, dorsal pedal neurocutaneous flap, pedicled peroneal artery perforator flap, pedicled tibial artery perforator flap, and medial plantar flap. The free flaps were latissimus musculocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap, groin flap, lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh perforator flap, peroneal artery perforator flap, thoracdorsal artery perforator flap, medial arm perforator flap. The sensory nerve coaptation was not performed for all of flaps. One hundred and ninety‐four cases were combined with open fractures. One hundred and sixty‐two cases had tendon. Among 164 free flaps, 8 flaps were completely lost, in which the defects were managed by the secondary procedures. Among the 57 flaps for plantar foot coverage (25 pedicled flaps and 32 free flaps), ulcers were developed in 5 pedicled flaps and 6 free flaps after weight bearing, and infection was found in 14 flaps. The donor site complications were seen in 3 cases with the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap transfer. All of limbs were preserved and the patients regained walking and daily activities. All of patients except for one regained protective sensation from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Our experience showed that the sural flap and saphenous flap could be good options for the coverage of the defects at malleolus, dorsal hindfoot and midfoot. Plantar foot, forefoot and large size defects could be reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh perforator flap. For the infected wounds with dead spce, the free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap remained to be the optimal choice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:600–604, 2013.     

应用穿支皮瓣治疗下肢远端慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损

目的 探讨游离或带蒂穿支皮瓣在治疗下肢远端慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损创面修复中的应用价值.方法 应用穿支皮瓣游离或带蒂移位修复胫前及足踝部慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损28例.游离移植13例:采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复胫前2例,踝前3例,足背2例,足跟2例;小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足背4例.带蒂移位15例:胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复胫前4例,修复内踝2例;腓动脉外踝后上穿支皮瓣修复足跟6例,外踝及足背各1例;第1跖背动脉穿支皮瓣修复近节(足母)趾背侧1例.抗生素液灌流伤口7例,万古霉素明胶海绵残腔填塞8例.结果 1例胫后动脉穿支皮瓣出现静脉回流不足,表浅坏死,自行愈合,其余皮瓣无坏死.随访6个月～2年,2例复发,分别经1次和2次手术后愈合,其余均一期愈合,皮瓣外形满意.3例行二期骨移植.最后一次随访时,患者可行走,患肢完全负重,按足部疾患治疗效果标准评定平均为84.5分.结论 游离或带蒂穿支皮瓣血供良好,可用于治疗残腔不大的慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损.     

游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣的临床研究

目的 研究膝降动脉穿支皮瓣的应用解剖及修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 对10侧成人下肢尸体标本经股动脉注入红色乳胶液,解剖观测膝降动脉穿支血管在股内侧区的分布、起源等.临床应用游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损9例.皮瓣切取面积为5 cm×8 cm～6 cm×15 cm.结果 膝降动脉由股动脉在股骨内侧髁上平均(12.4±1.3) cm处发出1～3支相对恒定的皮穿支血管,营养股内侧皮瓣.临床应用9例,皮瓣完全存活,术后随访时间为6～18个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复满意,供区留有线条瘢痕,下肢行走功能无影响.结论 以膝降动脉穿支血管营养的股前内侧皮瓣血供可靠,质地优良,是修复手部组织缺损的良好选择.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the applied anatomy of descending genicular artery perforator flap and report the clinical results of treating hand soft tissue defects with free transfer of the flap. Methods The origin,course,distribution and outer diameter of descending genicular artery perforators,which were located at the medial thigh,were observed on 10 adult cadaveric lower extremities perfused with red latex through the femoral artery. Clinically nine cases of soft-tissue defect in the hand were treated with transfer of the descending genicular artery perforator flap. The area of the flaps ranged from 5 cm×8 cm to 6 cm×15 cm. Results The descending genicular artery originated from the femoral artery (12.4±1.3) cm above the medial condyle. It sent 1 to 3 relatively constant perforators proximally to feed skin of the medial thigh. All of 9 cases of free descending genicular artery perforator flap survived uneventfully. Follow-up of 6 to 18 months showed good texture and appearance of the flaps. Functional results were satisfactory. Only a linear scar was left at the donor site. Walking and gait was normal. Conclusion Descending genicular artery perforator flap from the medial thigh has reliable blood supply and good texture. It is a good option for repairing soft-tissue defect in the hand.     

胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面

目的探讨胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面的疗效。方法2014年10月-2018年10月,收治18例足踝部创面患者。男12例,女6例。年龄8~56岁,平均32.8岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤11例,高处坠落伤3例,重物砸伤4例。创面部位:足背部9例,足跟4例,外踝5例。受伤至皮瓣修复时间7~34 d,平均19 d。创面范围6.0 cm×2.5 cm^11.0 cm×6.0 cm。采用大小为6 cm×3 cm^18 cm×7 cm的腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面,其供区以胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣(8 cm×3 cm^16 cm×6 cm)修复。结果术后1例腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣出现瘀血肿胀,经对症处理后成活。其余皮瓣均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。18例患者均获随访,随访时间6~15个月,平均12.5个月。末次随访时,两皮瓣外形、色泽、质地和厚度与受区基本一致,供区仅遗留线性瘢痕。腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣两点辨别觉为10~12 mm,平均11 mm。根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分评价,获优15例、良3例,优良率为100%。结论应用胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面,不需要牺牲主干血管,还能避免供区植皮,踝关节功能恢复满意。     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足前端缺损

目的:探讨应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足远端缺损的效果。方法:切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣,皮瓣切取面积为8cm×16cm~15cm×18cm。供区直接缝合或断层皮片移植修复,与足背动静脉吻合,修复足前端缺损15例。结果:15例患者皮瓣均完全成活,其中4例出现静脉危象,经探查修复后缓解,患者恢复行走功能,避免了截肢。结论:股前外侧穿支皮瓣股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,是修复足远端缺损的理想选择。     

Reconstruction of distal lower extremities defect using the free peroneal artery perforator vessel based flap

Soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremities are challenging. The purpose of this paper is to present our experiences with the free peroneal artery perforator flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremity. Nine free peroneal artery perforator flaps were used to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the lower extremities between April 2006 and October 2011. All flaps were used for distal leg and foot reconstruction. Peroneal artery perforator flaps ranged in size from 2 cm × 4 cm to 6 cm × 12 cm. The length of the vascular pedicle ranged from 2 to 6 cm. Recipient vessels were: medial plantar vessels in seven cases, the dorsalis pedis vessel in one, metatarsal vessel in one. All flaps survived completely, a success rate of 100%. Advantages of this flap are that there is no need to sacrifice any main artery in the lower leg, and minimal morbidity at the donor site. This free perforator flap may be useful for patients with small to medium soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremities and feet. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:629–632, 2014.     

Modified distally based peroneal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of foot and ankle

The distally based sural fasciocutaneous flap has been used widely for reconstruction of foot and ankle soft-tissue defects. Here we report on a series of cases of foot and ankle reconstruction with a modified distally based sural flap. The vascular pedicle of the flap includes an axial perforator branch of the peroneal artery and two concomitant veins. This modified distally based perforator flap, measuring around 17 x 6 cm to 30 x 10 cm in size, was transferred for coverage of foot and ankle soft-tissue defects in 7 cases. All flaps survived completely. Neither arterial ischemia nor venous congestion was noted. As compared to other distally based sural flaps with neuro-veno-adipo-fascial pedicles, this modified sural flap with a thin perforator pedicle is easily rotated. The flap can obtain abundant blood supply through both axial perforator and longitudinal chain-linked vascular plexuses, and does not have the venous reflow problem. In conclusion, the invention of this perforator fasciocutaneous flap provides a valuable tool for repair of foot and ankle soft-tissue defects.     

游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损

目的介绍游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法以腓动脉应用解剖为基础,术前超声多普勒定位血管蒂,并以此为中心设计皮瓣。皮瓣面积：5cm×9cm-10cm×20cm。2009年10月-2012年5月,应用游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损17例。结果17例皮瓣及供区植皮全部成活,受区外形及功能满意,小腿功能无影响。结论游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣是修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损的理想方法。