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1.
Laasonen-Balk T Viinamäki H Kuikka JT Husso-Saastamoinen M Lehtonen J Tiihonen J 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》2004,254(3):152-155
Abstract.
Eighteen depressive outpatients were investigated using single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with a high-affinity dopamine (DA) and serotonin transporter (SERT) specific radioligand, 123I-labeled -CIT (2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane). The patients were tested at the beginning of the study and on follow-up after six months. The severity of depression was evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HRSD). Eight of the eighteen patients had an HRSD score below the median (12 points) on follow-up, and they had a significantly greater increase in 123I--CIT binding in the midbrain region compared with those patients who did not recover (ANCOVA: F = 8.12; df = 1, 14; p = 0.013). These results indicate that recovery from depression is associated with an increase in 123I--CIT binding in the midbrain. 相似文献
2.
S. Schönecker C. Prix T. Raiser N. Ackl E. Wlasich G. Stenglein-Krapf E. Mille M. Brendel O. Sabri M. Patt H. Barthel P. Bartenstein J. Levin A. Rominger A. Danek 《Der Nervenarzt》2017,88(2):156-161
Background
To this day the definite diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease still relies on post-mortem histopathological detection of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid deposits. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is a new diagnostic tool that enables the in vivo quantification of pathological beta-amyloid deposits. The aim of the current study was to evaluate to what extent 18F-florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) influences the diagnosis of patients with dementia.Material and methods
Imaging with FBB-PET was performed on 33 patients from our outpatient department for cognitive neurology. Beforehand all patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, neuropsychiatric and laboratory examination as well as imaging by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. The working diagnoses before and after FBB-PET imaging were compared.Results
17 out of 33 patients were scored as FBB-PET positive. In four cases the initial diagnosis had to be changed to Alzheimer’s disease (three cases) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (one case) due to the positive FBB-PET scan. 16 patients showed a negative FBB-PET scan. In three patients the initial diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease could be ruled out due to the negative FBB-PET scan. Overall, in 7 out of 33 examined patients the initial diagnosis had to be changed because of the findings of the FBB-PET scan. In 24 patients the initial diagnosis was confirmed by the results of the FBB-PET scan.Conclusion
Amyloid-PET is currently no standard procedure in the diagnosis of dementia; however, it can be a helpful additional diagnostic tool when used according to the “Appropriate Use Criteria” and the S3 guidelines on dementia in cases of unclear clinical presentation, atypically early age of onset as well as in patients with persistent or progressive unexplained mild cognitive impairment. By facilitating early diagnosis amyloid-PET imaging allows patient selection for therapeutic drug trials.3.
Haslbeck KM Schleicher ED Friess U Kirchner A Neundörfer B Heuss D 《Acta neuropathologica》2002,104(1):45-52
Increased oxidative stress and advanced glycosylation are important factors in the development of diabetic neuropathy. In non-diabetic neuropathies their influence has not been investigated in detail so far. We studied the localisation of N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine (CML) - a biomarker for oxidative stress - by immunohistochemistry in sural nerve biopsies of 31 patients with different polyneuropathies [diabetic polyneuropathy (n=5), alcohol-associated polyneuropathy (n=4), vitamin B12-deficient polyneuropathy (n=6), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (n=6), vasculitic neuropathy (n=6), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type I (CMT I) (n=4)] and 4 normal controls. CML was detected in the perineurium of patients with diabetic, alcohol-associated, vitamin B12-deficient and vasculitic polyneuropathies. Epineurial, perineurial and endoneurial vessels were CML positive in diabetic, vitamin B12-deficient and vasculitic polyneuropathies. CML was also found in mononuclear inflammatory cells in vasculitic neuropathy. In CIDP and normal controls there was only marginal perineurial CML deposition in 2/6 and 1/4 cases. In CMT I no CML was detected. Immunohistochemical results were confirmed by immunoblot. Our data suggest a role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis not only of diabetic but also of alcohol-associated, vitamin B12-deficient and vasculitic polyneuropathies. It may be a minor pathogenetic factor in CIDP and may not be involved in CMT I. Underlying causes for increased oxidative stress may be an elevated production of reactive oxygen species and an impairment of antioxidative defences. Therefore, an antioxidative treatment should be considered in alcohol-associated, vitamin B12-deficient and vasculitic polyneuropathy. 相似文献
4.
Dressler D Mander G Fink K 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》2012,119(1):13-15
The biological potency of botulinum toxin (BT) drugs is determined by a standardised LD50 assay. However, the potency labelling varies vary amongst different BT drugs. One reason for this may be differences in the LD50 assays applied. When five unexpired batches of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) are compared in the Xeomin® batch release assay, the potency variability of both BT drugs fell within the range allowed by the European Pharmacopoiea. Statistical analyses failed to detect differences in the potency labelling of both products. Although the existence of a conversion ratio has been questioned recently, our experimental data are in line with previous clinical experience showing that Botox® and Xeomin® can be compared using a 1:1 conversion ratio. Identical potency labelling allows easy exchange of both BT drugs in a therapeutic setting, and direct comparison of efficacy, adverse effects and costs. 相似文献
5.
Sapphire<Superscript>®</Superscript> platinum detachable coil experience in a tertiary-care facility
Background
The Guglielmi Detachable Coil introduced by the Boston Scientific Corporation has been widely used for endovascular coiling of aneurysm. Recently, Sapphire® platinum detachable coils (eV3, Irvine, CA) have been introduced for aneurysm coiling. Herein, we report our clinical experience with the Sapphire® coil to evaluate the incidence of coil related complications and the rate of aneurysm occlusion.Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent embolization with Sapphire® detachable coils were prospectively enrolled from January 2004 to September 2004 and the data were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, including age, gender, presenting symptoms, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade and locations of the vascular anomalies were collected. Additionally, complications associated with the coils and rates of aneurysm occlusion were observed and the data compiled.Results
29 patients underwent Sapphire® coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms. Mean age was 50 ± 18 (mean ± SD) years with 81% being females. Aneurysm neck reconstruction was required in 7 cases, 6 with Neuroform stent (5 unruptured aneurysms) and 1 with balloon assistance (ruptured aneurysm). In 7 cases, Sapphire® coils were used along with other coils. There were no events of thromboembolism or ruptures of aneurysms during coil embolization. However, multi-diameter coils demonstrated stretching in 4 stent-assisted cases without any adverse consequences. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 79.31% of the patients, neck remnant in 6.89, and partial coiling was achieved in 13.79%.Conclusion
The Sapphire® coil could safely be used in the treatment of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. However, multi-diameter non-stretch resistant coils may be associated with coil stretching when used in conjunction with a stent. Further study is still required for definitive results.6.
The mechanism by which blood-borne peptide YY (3-36) (PYY(3-36)) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) inhibit food intake is not clear and could implicate peripheral (vagal afferent pathways) and/or central (direct action on specific brain nuclei) mechanisms. To identify the primary brain structure(s) that could be activated after a peripheral injection of neuropeptide Y-related peptides, we investigated the distribution of radioactive materials using whole body autoradiography and coronal brain sections. Rats were injected with [125I] porcine (p) PYY(3-36) (i.p., 10 microCi) and killed after 30 min, 1, 2, or 4 h. After i.p. administration, significant amounts of radioactive materials were rapidly (<30 min) detected in the blood circulation and various tissues including the kidneys, liver, lung, heart, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid gland, whereas in the brain, low but significant amounts of radioactive materials were detected at the level of the area postrema. Next, we investigated the distribution of radioactive labeling in the brain after i.v. injections of [125I]pPYY(3-36) (Y2 and Y5 subtypes), [125I] human (h) PP (Y4 and Y5 receptors), and [125I][Leu(31), Pro(34)] pPYY (Y1, Y4 and Y5 classes) in the rat brain. Fifteen minutes post injection, autoradiograms revealed positive signals only in the area postrema after the injection of [125I]-hPP and [125I][Leu(31), Pro(34)]pPYY. Whereas the presence of [125I]pPYY(3-36)-related labeling was detected in the area postrema, subfornical organ, and median eminence. In all other brain structures, including all hypothalamic nuclei and other circumventricular organs, near background level signals were detected. These data suggest that the inhibition of food intake observed after peripheral injections of pPYY(3-36) and hPP could involve receptor activation preferentially located at the level of the area postrema, a structure well-known to be involved in the modulation of food intake. 相似文献
7.
Oka H Toyoda C Yogo M Mochio S 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》2011,118(9):1323-1327
It remains unclear whether cardiac iodine-123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) uptake is clinically related to autonomic dysfunction on conventional autonomic function testing in de novo Parkinson’s
disease (PD). We therefore studied the relation between cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in patients with de novo PD. The subjects were 26 patients with de
novo PD. The ratio of the average pixel count in the heart to that in the mediastinum was calculated to derive the cardiac
123I-MIBG uptake. Cardiovascular autonomic function was evaluated on the basis of cardiovascular autonomic response on the Valsalva
maneuver (VM), and systolic blood pressure response (SBP) on head-up tilt-table testing (HUT). Patients with de novo PD had
significantly reduced cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake as compared with controls (1.58 ± 0.43 vs. 2.25 ± 0.34, p = 0.0001) and cardiovascular autonomic response on the VM. No significant difference in the fall in SBP on HUT was found
between patients with de novo PD and the controls. Cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake in de novo PD was not significantly related to vasomotor sympathetic function, baroreceptor reflex gain, cardiac
parasympathetic function, or the changes in SBP on HUT. Cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake was, however, significantly related to the blood pressure overshoot in phase IV of the VM (r = 0.648, p = 0.0003). Cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake began to decrease in association with the reduction in the overshoot of phase IV on the VM. Cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake clinically reflects cardiac sympathetic dysfunction in de novo PD. 相似文献
8.
Cannarsa R Carretta D Lattanzio F Candeletti S Romualdi P 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2012,46(2):285-292
Several studies demonstrated a cross-talk between the opioid and cannabinoid system. The NOP receptor and its endogenous ligand
nociceptin/orphanin FQ represent an opioid-related functional entity that mediates some non-classical opioid effects. The
relationship between cannabinoid and nociceptin/NOP system is yet poorly explored. In this study, we used the neuroblastoma
SH-SY5Y cell line to investigate the effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) on nociceptin/NOP system. Results revealed that the exposure to ∆9-THC (100, 150, and 200 nM) for 24 h produces a dose-dependent NOP receptor B
max down-regulation. Moreover, ∆9-THC caused a dose-dependent decrease in NOP mRNA levels. The selective cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist AM251 (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperidinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) reduces both effects, suggesting that ∆9-THC activation of CB1 receptor is involved in the observed effects. These data show evidence of a cross-talk between NOP
and CB1 receptors, thus suggesting a possible interplay between cannabinoid and nociceptin/NOP system. 相似文献
9.
Douglas E. Brenneman David A. Pearce Attila Kovacs Shawn DeFrees 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2017,63(1):100-114
Juvenile Batten disease (JBD) is an inherited disorder that is characterized by the development of blindness, seizures, and progressive motor, psychiatric, and cognitive impairment. A model of JBD expressing the predominant human mutation (Cln3 ?ex7/8 ) has been explored. Dissociated brain cultures from Cln3 ?ex7/8 knock-in mice were compared to wild type (WT) for effects on granules of ceroid lipofuscin (CL) and neuronal structure. Utilizing high content image analysis of CL granules identified with antibodies to mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c or tripeptidyl peptidase-1, significant increases in the areas for both immunoreactive granules were observed in Cln3 ?ex7/8 cultures in comparison to WT. CL granules also exhibit autofluorescence at 488 and 560 nm, and the areas of these autofluorescent spots were found to be significantly increased in Cln3 ?ex7/8 cultures in comparison to WT. Progressive increases in CL granule area in Cln3 ?ex7/8 cultures were observed during culture development. Because current therapies for JBD provide only symptomatic support, a therapeutic strategy has been explored based on the observations that JBD-related tissues are deficient in β-galactosyl ceramide. Treatment of cultures for 40 h with a potent analog of β-galactosyl ceramide (SNB-4050) produced significant decreases in CL granule area in the Cln3 ?ex7/8 cultures; whereas identical studies on WT cultures produced no detectible changes. Significant decreases in average neurite length and neurite branch point number were also observed in the Cln3 ?ex7/8 cultures that were attenuated by treatment with 1 nM SNB-4050. These studies indicate Cln3 ?ex7/8 brain cultures may be useful to screen therapeutic agents for treatment of JBD. 相似文献
10.
Golo Kronenberg Imke Kirste Dragos Inta Sabine Chourbaji Isabella Heuser Matthias Endres Peter Gass 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》2009,259(8):499-504
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) heterozygous mice (GR+/−
) represent a valuable animal model for major depression. GR+/−
mice show a depression-related phenotype characterized by increased learned helplessness on the behavioral level and neuroendocrine
alterations with hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overdrive characteristic of depression. Hippocampal brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have also been shown to be reduced in GR+/−
animals. Because adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, we studied
here the effects of the GR+/−
genotype on neurogenesis in vivo. In a 2 × 2 design, GR+/−
mice and GR+/+ littermate controls were either subjected to 1 h of restraint stress or left undisturbed in their home cages after intraperitoneal
injection of BrdU. Stress exposure and BrdU injections were performed once daily for 7 days and neurogenesis analyzed 4 weeks
later. BrdU cell counts were significantly reduced as an effect of GR+/−
genotype and as an effect of stress. Majority of the BrdU+ cells showed co-labeling with mature neuronal marker NeuN or astrocytic
marker S100β with no further significant effect of either experimental condition or of genotype. In sum, this results in reduced
neurogenesis in GR+/−
mice which is further repressed by restraint stress. Our results, thus, reinforce the link between reduced neurogenesis,
stress, neurotrophins, and behavioral symptoms of and susceptibility to depression. 相似文献
11.
Noor Azuin Suliman Che Norma Mat Taib Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas Rusliza Basir 《Neurotoxicity research》2018,33(2):402-411
Neurogenesis is influenced by various external factors such as enriched environments. Some researchers had postulated that neurogenesis has contributed to the hippocampal learning and memory. This project was designed to observe the effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC) in cognitive performance that influenced by the neurogenesis. Different doses of ?9-THC were used for observing the neurogenesis mechanism occurs in the hippocampus of rats. The brains were stained with antibodies, namely BrdU, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and class III β-tubulin (TuJ-1). The cognitive test was used novel-object discrimination test (NOD) while the proteins involved, DCX and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were measured. Throughout this study, ?9-THC enhanced the markers involved in all stages of neurogenesis mechanism. Simultaneously, the cognitive behaviour of rat also showed improvement in learning and memory functions observed in behavioural test and molecular perspective. Administration of ?9-THC was observed to enhance the neurogenesis in the brain, especially in hippocampus thus improved the cognitive function of rats. 相似文献
12.
Kapeller P Ropele S Enzinger C Lahousen T Strasser-Fuchs S Schmidt R Fazekas F 《Journal of neurology》2005,252(10):1229-1234
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
plaques and age related white matter
lesions (WML) are of similar
morphological appearance on T2
weighted MRI. Therefore their differentiation
is sometimes crucial.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(1H–MRS) adds metabolic
information to conventional imaging
and may help to distinguish inflammatory
MS plaques from vascular
related WML. This study was
performed to evaluate the metabolite
pattern in MS plaques and
WML. 15 MS patients, 14 elderly individuals
with WML and 16 controls
were investigated by conventional
MRI and short echo
quantitative 1H–MRS (TE: 30ms,
TR: 3000ms). The mean metabolite
concentrations in normal control
white matter (NCWM), MS plaques
and WML were: t–NAA:
8.96 mmol/l (SD:0.93) vs
6.79 mmol/l (SD: 1.99) vs
7.18 mmol/l (SD: 1.41); Cho:
1.66 mmol/l (SD: 0.4) vs
1.49 mmol/l (SD: 0.45) vs
1.46 mmol/l (SD: 0.34); PCr:
5.64 mmol/l (SD: 0.83) vs
4.9mmol/l (SD: 1.3) vs 4.95 mmol/l
(SD: 0.86); myo–Ins: 4.57 mmol/l
(SD:1.05) vs 6.34 mmol/l (SD: 2.03)
vs 4.5 mmol/l (SD: 0.96). t–NAA reduction
in MS plaques and WML
was significant compared with controls
(p ≤ 0.001). MS plaques
showed significantly elevated myo–
Ins concentrations compared with
controls (p = 0.002) and to WML
(p = 0.003). In summary MS
plaques and WML show a decrease
in their t–NAA concentrations
compared with controls. Elevated
concentrations of myo–Ins in MS
plaques but not in WML makes this
metabolite of special interest for
their differentiation. 相似文献
13.
Pakrasi S Colloby SJ Firbank MJ Perry EK Wyper DJ Owens J McKeith IG Williams ED O'Brien JT 《Journal of neurology》2007,254(7):907-913
Abstract
Background
One of
the most characteristic changes in
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a
deficit in cortical cholinergic neurotransmission
and associated
receptor changes.
Objective
To
investigate differences in the distribution
of M1/M4 receptors
using (R, R) 123I-iodo-quinuclidinyl-benzilate (QNB) and single
photon emission computed
tomography (SPECT) in patients
with mild/moderate AD and agematched
controls. Also, to compare
123I-QNB uptake to the corresponding
changes in regional
cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the
same subjects.
Methods
Forty two
subjects (18 AD and 24 healthy
elderly controls) underwent 123IQNB
and perfusion 99mTc-exametazime
SPECT scanning. Image
analysis was performed using statistical
parametric mapping
(SPM99) following intensity normalisation
of each image to its
corresponding mean whole brain
uptake. Group differences and
correlations were assessed using
two sample t-tests and linear
regression respectively.
Results
Significant reductions in 123I-QNB
uptake were observed in regions of
the frontal rectal gyrus, right
parahippocampal gyrus, left hippocampus
and areas of the left
temporal lobe in AD compared to
controls (height threshold of
p ≤ 0.001 uncorrected). Such regions
were also associated with
marked deficits in rCBF. No significant
correlations were identified between imaging data and
clinical variables.
Conclusion
Functional impairment as measured
by rCBF is more widespread
than changes in M1/M4 receptor
density in mild/moderate AD,
where there was little or no selective
loss of M1/M4 receptors in
these patients that was greater
than the general functional deficits
shown on rCBF scans. 相似文献
14.
Wang J Zuo CT Jiang YP Guan YH Chen ZP Xiang JD Yang LQ Ding ZT Wu JJ Su HL 《Journal of neurology》2007,254(2):185-190
To investigate the usefulness of 18F-FP-CIT PET for assessing the severity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) at various clinical
stages, 41 patients with PD were divided into early (Hoehn&Yahr I-II, n = 23) and advanced (Hoehn&Yahr III-IV, n = 18) subgroups.
18F-FP-CIT PET was performed in these patients and 12 normal subjects. 18F-FP-CIT uptake in striatal subregions and its correlation
with UPDRS were first evaluated by ROI analysis, and between-group differences were also analyzed by Statistical Parametric
Mapping (SPM). Our results showed that striatal 18F-FP-CIT binding were significantly reduced to 70.9% (caudate), 46.8% (anterior
putamen) and 24.0% (posterior putamen) in early PD compared with that of the control, and to 52.0%, 34.5% and 16.5% correspondingly
in advanced PD, respectively. There was significant negative correlation between total motor UPDRS score of all parkinsonian
patients and 18F-FP-CIT uptake in caudate nucleus (r = −0.53, p < 0.001), anterior putamen (r = −0.53, p < 0.001) and posterior
putamen (r = −0.61, p < 0.001). SPM comparison of 18F-FP-CIT uptake between early or advanced PD and the control group showed
significant decline in striatum, predominantly localized on the contralateral side and in the dorsal-posterior putamen. These
results indicate that 18F-FP-CIT PET can serve as a suitable biomarker to represent the severity of PD in early and advanced
stages.
Received in revised form: 11 June 2006 相似文献
15.
Bennett JL Elhofy A Canto MC Tani M Ransohoff RM Karpus WJ 《Journal of neurovirology》2003,9(6):623-636
CCL2 is a member of the CC chemokine family that mediates the migration and recruitment of monocytes and T cells and has been identified in the central nervous system (CNS) during several neuroinflammatory diseases. In order to examine the biological effect of constitutive CCL2 expression in the CNS, the authors engineered a mouse that expressed CCL2 in the CNS under control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP) promoter. The results demonstrated that transgenic expression of CCL2 in the CNS resulted in diffuse CNS monocyte infiltration and accumulation. Transgenic CCL2 expression did not alter normal development, differentiation, or function of T cells. There was no evidence of overt CNS disease or other pathologic phenotype when mice were left unchallenged with antigen or uninfected. However, when CCL2 transgenic mice were given a peripheral challenge of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory infiltrate with organized perivascular lesions developed. Infection of the transgenic mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) resulted in accelerated onset and increased severity of clinical and histological disease. These results suggest that CCL2 expression in the CNS is a major pathogenic factor that drives macrophage accumulation in the development of CNS inflammatory disease. 相似文献
16.
Pawlowski PG Dringen R 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》2003,110(10):1077-1090
Summary. Astroglia-rich primary cultures from rat brain were used to investigate the presence in glial cells of N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), an advanced glycation endproduct. Westernblot analysis of homogenates of rat brain as well as of astroglia-rich cultures demonstrated the presence of CML-modified proteins in these samples. Immunocytochemical staining of astroglia-rich cultures revealed that only a minority of the cells in these cultures were intensively stained for CML. The staining intensity of CML-positive cells was strongly reduced, if the cells were not permeabilized, indicating that intracellular proteins were CML-modified. The CML-positive cells were identified as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes by double-labelling immunocytochemical staining for CML and the cellular markers galactocerobroside, myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast to other glial cells, microglial cells in astroglia-rich cultures were CML-negative. The finding that only a minority of cells in astroglia-rich cultures contains high amounts of intracellular CML-modified proteins indicates that specific properties of these CML-positive cells are responsible for the CML-formation in these cells.Received January 28, 2003; accepted April 22, 2003
Published online June 30, 2003 相似文献
17.
Received: April 22, 1999 / Accepted: August 30, 1999 / Published online: January 10, 2000 相似文献
18.
Abstract
We report on two 33 years old monozygotic twins with chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) misdiagnosed as schizophrenia and Tourette
syndrome, respectively. Although the patients shared several clinical similarities, there were also some clear differences:
twin 1 presented initially with an acute episode of a paranoid schizophrenia, while twin 2 suffered from generalized epileptic
seizures. In both twins, MRI demonstrated caudate nucleus atrophy and an increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in
the striatum bilaterally with right sided predominance. 18F-FDG PET showed bilaterally reduced glucose utilization in the striatum with clearly pronounced reduction on the right side
compared to the left and in twin 1 compared to twin 2. Ratios of binding to striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) and serotonin
transporters in the hypothalamus midbrain area as determined using 123I-β-CIT-SPECT fell within the normal ranges. However, in twin 1 a significant difference in binding to presynaptic DAT with marked
reduction on the right hemisphere was observed. Right hemispheric accentuated changes measured by MRI, FDG-PET, and 123I-β-CITSPECT correspond to more severe hyperkinetic movements on the left part of the body in both twins. Different neuro-psychiatric
features in this monocygotic twin pair suggest that not only genetic but also environmental factors contribute to the clinical
symptomatology. Our findings suggest that the main neuropathological process in ChAc is located in the striatum, involving
microstructural alterations, and disturbance of metabolism and dopaminergic neurotransmission. 相似文献
19.
Moresco RM Volonte MA Messa C Gobbo C Galli L Carpinelli A Rizzo G Panzacchi A Franceschi M Fazio F 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》2002,109(10):1265-1274
Summary. Amantadine, is a non competitive NMDA receptors antagonist that has been proved beneficial in Parkinson's disease. However
its mechanism of action at therapeutic doses is still under discussion. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated
administration of amantadine on striatal dopaminergic system by measuring [11C]raclopride binding to striatal D2 dopamine receptors, in patients with moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Eight patients completed the study undergoing
a PET scan, before and after 10–14 days treatment with Amantadine (200 mg/day). Patients were on treatment with L-DOPA, which
was suspended 1 night before each PET scans, and free from dopaminergic agonists, anticholinergic and antidepressants. Amantadine
treatment significantly increased [11C-]Raclopride binding (caudate: 10% p = 0.04; putamen 11% p = 0.01). A slight reduction (−7.3%, p = 0.062) of UPDRS total
scores was also observed. The increased availability of striatal D2 receptors, is likely to be caused by drug induced modification of receptors expression. This hypothesis is consistent with
previous experiments, indicating an increase in striatal D2 receptors in rats treated with amantadine or other non competitive NMDA antagonists and suggests that the neo-synthesis of
D2 receptors may represent a reinforcing mechanism of drug efficacy.
Received October 17, 2001; accepted January 3, 2002 Published online June 28, 2002 相似文献
20.
The BDNF Val<Superscript>66</Superscript>Met polymorphism has a gender specific influence on planning ability in Parkinson’s disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Foltynie T Lewis SG Goldberg TE Blackwell AD Kolachana BS Weinberger DR Robbins TW Barker RA 《Journal of neurology》2005,252(7):833-838
Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients show a range of cognitive deficits,which may relate to abnormalities in dopaminergic transmission in fronto–striatal circuitry. In this study, we have investigated the impact of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphisms on performance of the Tower of London (TOL) test of planning by PD patients. This polymorphism significantly influences BDNF secretion in the CNS, and BDNF is known to influence dopaminergic neurons and cognitive processes. Patients with PD totalling 291 who had undergone detailed motor and cognitive assessments as part of a population–based study of PD were genotyped for the BDNF val66met polymorphism. The impact of this polymorphism on cognitive ability was determined using multivariate analysis to adjust for possible confounding variables. Patients with low rates of BDNF secretion (met alleles) performed significantly better at the TOL task than those with high rates of secretion (val alleles). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that the effect is most apparent in women and among patients with prior dopaminergic exposure. We speculate that BDNF may interact with dopaminergic transmission and dopamine receptor stimulation in the frontostriatal circuitry, with subsequent consequences on cognition in Parkinson’s disease. 相似文献