严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的手术治疗

目的 探讨严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂手术治疗的临床效果.方法 总结2000年12月至2008年5月解放军一零一医院收治的12例严重肝外伤伴肝周大血管破裂的临床资料,分析治疗效果.本组全部患者病例均为急诊手术.严重肝组织毁损行肝叶切除6例,其中肝右后叶切除1例,非规则性肝右叶切除1例,左半肝切除3例,左外叶切除1例,非严重的肝破裂处均以间断缝合修补.肝周血管破裂行修补术7例,其中肝后下腔静脉破裂修补术3例(经肝正中裂劈开、肝后下腔静脉修补术2例,直接行下腔静脉破裂修补术1例),门静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例,肝右静脉破裂行间断缝合修补术2例.肝静脉缝扎7例,其中肝右静脉并肝中静脉缝扎术1例,肝右静脉缝扎术1例,肝中分支静脉缝扎术2例,肝左静脉缝扎术3例.肝固有动脉结扎1例.肝周纱布填塞3例.结果 本组患者治愈9例,死亡3例,其中死于术中严重创伤伴出血性休克2例,死于重型颅脑伤及出血性休克1例.结论 及时手术,确切止血及正确的手术方式是抢救成功的关键.     

Fatal hepatic hemorrhage: an unresolved problem in the management of complex liver injuries

The operative records of 683 patients who required an exploratory laparotomy for trauma with the findings of a liver injury were reviewed. Of the 683 patients 18% (121) sustained severe liver injuries with difficult to control hemorrhage, and 82% of the deaths, in this group of severe liver injuries, were due to exsanguination. A critical analysis of the specific surgical techniques used for hemostasis was undertaken. Hepatotomy with subsequent direct vascular and/or biliary duct repair or ligation was used in 44% of the cases and was successful 87% of the time. Hepatic resection was employed in 10% of the cases with a 50% mortality. Liver packs were used in 29% of the cases which included 14 hepatic vein and six retrohepatic vena caval injuries and five extensive bilobar parenchymal disruptions. The survival rate for this group of patients was 86%. Vascular isolation of the liver was used 8.3% of the cases and was successful 40% of the time. An algorithm for the successful surgical control of hemorrhage from severe liver injuries including indications and contra-indications of specific surgical techniques is presented.     

Blunt traumatic rupture of the right hemidiaphragm: experience in 12 patients

In a 9-year period (1972 to 1981), 35 patients with blunt traumatic rupture of the diaphragm were seen in our institution; 12 had involvement of the right hemidiaphragm, an incidence of approximately 34%. In 9 of these 12 patients, the right-sided diaphragmatic injuries were seen soon after the accident (acute), and in 3, late after the accident (chronic). A large diaphragmatic rent, usually 10 cm or more, without any predilection to a specific area of the right hemidiaphragm, was a frequent operative finding. Expectedly, the most common viscus that was injured or herniated through the defect was the liver. Total or nearly total herniation of the liver was noted in 5 patients and partial herniation, in 1. Injury to the juxtahepatic vena cava or hepatic vein, or both, was also encountered in 5 patients. This highly lethal injury accounted for the 3 deaths in the series, all of which were directly related to an uncontrollable exsanguinating hemorrhage from the injured vena cava or hepatic vein. The surgical approach for repair of a ruptured right hemidiaphragm is best individualized. The right thoracotomy approach through a right posterolateral incision is preferred for chronic diaphragmatic injury. It is also our choice in patients in whom acute right-sided injuries are definitively diagnosed and who are hemodynamically stable. This approach not only provided the best exposure of the defect, but also made the repair of associated retrohepatic caval injury surprisingly easy in at least 2 of our patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Injuries of hepatic veins and retrohepatic vena cava

Three cases of hepatic vein and retrohepatic inferior vena caval injuries are reported, and the literature is reviewed. Our experience, coupled with a critical review of the literature reveals that successful vascular isolation of the relatively inaccessible retrohepatic vena cava and/or hepatic veins is the key to optimal surgical management of major injuries to these structures. The various shunt techniques have been outlined with special emphasis made to the midline sternotomy incision as the incision of choice. This incision not only gives optimal exposure to the injured site, but also allows easy atrial-caval cannulation. If cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta is necessary, it can be easily done via a median sternotomy.     

肝外伤118例外科处理

目的 探讨提高肝外伤救治成功率的有效途径。方法 对1990年1月－2000年1月10年间收治的118例肝外伤病例进行分析。结果 手术治疗80例,保守治疗38例,与肝外伤相关并发症发生率为16．1％（19／118）,病死率为5．9％（7／118）。结论 B超、CT等现代影像学检查手段提高了肝外伤的诊断和监测水平,更多的肝外伤患者可采用非手术治疗。对血液动力学持续不稳定的患者,积极手术是治疗成功的关键。肝门阻断对严重肝损伤的彻底清创、严密止血至关重要。医用生物蛋白胶的使用可有效制止肝创面渗血。肝静脉、肝后下腔静脉损伤时,采用改良全肝血流阻断是一有效措施。     

Liver Trauma: Experience in 348 Cases

Liver trauma, the main cause of death in patients suffering abdominal injury, remains an unresolved problem, especially in its most severe forms. The objective of this study was to probe effective surgical procedures and improve the outcome for patients with severe hepatic injury. A retrospective study of 348 patients with hepatic trauma seen in our institution during the past 12 years was carried out. Of these 348 patients, 259 (74.4%) underwent surgery. To manage severe liver trauma (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade III to grade V), procedures such as packing of the laceration with omentum, hepatectomy or direct control of bleeding vessels within the liver substance by means of the Pringle maneuver, selective hepatic artery ligation, retrohepatic caval repair with total hepatic vascular occlusion, and perihepatic packing were selected and combined based on the specific injury. In the 259 patients treated operatively, the survival rate was 86.9% (225/259); and 15 of 40 with retrohepatic venous injury (RHVI) were cured with the maximum blood transfusion of 60 units. In 42 patients treated by perihepatic packing, the bleeding was stopped in 20 of 25 (80%) with RHVI and in 14 of 17 (82%) without such injury (p > 0.75). The percentage of failure of nonoperative management was 17.2% (17/99); and it was 46.7% (14/30) in patients with grade III–V injury. Death occurred in 3 (50%) of 6 failures of grade IV–V injury. The overall mortality rate was 11.8% (41/348), and 51% of the deaths were due to exsanguination. The results suggest that severe hepatic injuries, especially grade IV–V injuries, usually require surgical intervention; reasonable surgical procedures based on classification of liver trauma and combined application of techniques can increase the survival rate; and perihepatic packing is effective in dealing with RHVI.     

Modified Technique of Mesh Hepatorrhaphy for Management of Juxtahepatic Venous Injury in a Case of Blunt Liver Trauma: A Case Report

The liver is the most frequently injured organ in cases of blunt abdominal trauma. Injuries to the caudate lobe are rarely isolated and usually associated with retrohepatic caval injury or hepatic vein injury. The management of the associated vascular injuries is usually difficult owing to the short courses of the hepatic veins and the difficulty in obtaining proximal and distal control of the suprarenal and suprahepatic inferior vena cava – hence the frequency of perihepatic packing in the management of caudate lobe and hepatic venous injuries. We present here a rare case of the failure of perihepatic packing to effectively control hemorrhage from blunt injury to the caudate lobe and retrohepatic vena cava. A case of blunt abdominal trauma with injury to the caudate lobe and retrohepatic venous injury was initially managed with perihepatic packing. The patient developed hemorrhage 48 h after pack removal, which was then successfully managed with mesh hepatorrhaphy of the caudate lobe.     

Operative intervention for pediatric liver injuries: avoiding delay in treatment.

To identify the physiological and anatomic factors that characterize the need for operative management of blunt pediatric liver injuries, the case records of 106 pediatric trauma victims with liver injuries over a 6-year period were reviewed. Sixty-nine patients were managed without operation (nonoperative) and 37 underwent operation, 7 with penetrating and 30 with blunt liver injuries. Of these 30 patients, 21 underwent laparotomy due to blunt liver injuries (operative); the remaining 9 patients required operation due to associated intraabdominal injuries. Nine (45%) of the 21 operative patients had major hepatic vein or retrohepatic vena caval injuries, 7 of whom died. Overall mortality was 9.4% (10/106). When nonoperative and operative groups were compared, those who underwent laparotomy due to blunt liver injuries: (1) had significantly lower Champion and Pediatric Trauma Scores due to multisystem injury; (2) had 25% or greater lobar disruption with pelvic blood collections on computed tomography scan; (3) underwent early transfusion within 2 hours of admission (18/21); and (4) were frequently found to have a major hepatic vein or retrohepatic vena caval injury at the time of operation. Only one patient successfully managed without operation received greater than 30 mL/kg of blood products within 24 hours of admission. As selective nonoperative management of pediatric liver injuries gains widespread acceptance, the identification of factors that predict the need for operative intervention will limit the potential risks of delay in treatment.     

LIVER INJURIES IN SYDNEY: A 20-YEAR EXPERIENCE

One hundred and twenty consecutive liver injuries treated at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital have been studied prospectively. The overall mortality of 17.5% and the mortality for blunt injury of 23% compare quite favourably with figures in other reported series of similar injuries. The surgeon who treats liver injury must have a repertoire of procedures appropriate for different circumstances and must remain flexible in his approach. Simple suture haemostasis and the provision of adequate drainage will cope with most injuries. Debriding resections are safe, allow adequate haemostasis to be achieved, and give reasonably good access to the retrohepatic vena cava and hepatic veins. Formal lobectomy is very rarely indicated. Drainage of the common bile duct is to be avoided, but cholecystostomy has some marginal advantages and appears safe. The problems of retrohepatic vena caval injury and major hepatic vein tears have not all been solved.