室上嵴上室间隔缺损的外科治疗

本文报道５６例室上嵴上室间隔缺损的外科治疗。男３４例，女２２例，年龄３～３９岁。１９例合并主动脉瓣叶脱垂、主动脉瓣关闭不全或佛氏窦瘤破裂。经右房切口修补室缺２例，右室漏斗切口４７例，肺动脉切９７例。直接修补缺损２６例，补片修补３０例。主动脉瓣成形术１例，主动脉瓣置换术５例。５４例全愈出院，死亡２例。作者认为室上嵴上空间隔缺损应尽早手术，以免并发主动脉瓣损害和佛氏窦瘤破裂；中度主动脉瓣关闭不全可行主动脉瓣成形术，采用肺动脉切口优于右室漏斗部切口。     

先天性主肺动脉间隔缺损的外科治疗：附5例报告

报道５例先天性肺动脉间隔缺损的外科治疗，本组５例中男２例，女３例。年龄１．５～８岁中度肺高压２例，重度３例，３例半有其它心血管畸形，Ｉ型３例，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型各１例，笔者认为在体外循环下经主动脉切口，用Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ片修补缺损是有效的方法，避免了在主，肺动脉间作解剖分离和损伤冠状动脉口及主动脉瓣叶的危险，故优于结扎、切断缝合法。补片须略小于缺损，以防补片凸入肺动脉影响肺动脉血流。本病确诊后宜及早手术治疗     

5kg以下婴儿室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的外科治疗(附72例报告)

目的探讨5 kg以下低体重婴儿室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)合并肺动脉高压(pulomary hypertesion,PH)的手术治疗效果及体会。方法回顾性分析72例体重低于5kg的VSD合并PH患儿的临床资料,采用中低温体外循环下行补片修补术,11例圆锥隔型VSD采用主肺动脉切口,以Da-cron片间断褥式缝合修补;余61例采用右心房切口经三尖瓣途径修补,其中21例采用Dacron片间断褥式缝合修补,14例采用牛心包补片间断褥式缝合修补、26例采用自体心包补片5-0 Prolene线连续缝合修补。合并畸形如肌部缺损、房间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭均同期作相应处理。结果全组手术死亡5例(6.9%),其中术后低心排综合征2例、顽固性心律失常、急性肾功能衰竭、多器官衰竭各1例,失访1例,余66例患儿随访8~41月术后复查心脏超声示肺动脉压力明显下降,生长发育良好。结论选择适当的手术时机、对心脏畸形手术矫治充分及良好的术后处理是手术治疗5 kg以下婴儿VSD合并PH成功的关键。     

婴幼儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的 :总结 3 4例婴幼儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压的外科治疗经验。方法 :全组 3 4例患儿 ,年龄 10个月～ 3 6个月 ,10例伴重度肺动脉高压 ,室间隔缺损位于膜周部 2 8例 ,漏斗部 6例 ,缺损直径 1.0～ 2 .5cm ;均在中度血液稀释、浅低温体外循环、温氧合血心脏停跳液连续灌注下施术 ;涤纶补片修补 2 4例 ,单向活瓣式补片修补 10例。结果 :全组患儿无住院死亡 ;术后发生并发症 7例 ,暂时性房室传导阻滞 1例 ,呼吸道感染 6例 ,并发心力衰竭 1例 ,经治疗均痊愈出院。结论 :室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压的婴幼儿应早期行手术治疗 ;正确把握手术时机 ,加强围手术期处理 ,提高手术技巧是治疗关键。     

生物补片修补术治疗中低位直肠阴道瘘临床疗效观察（附10例报告）

目的评价生物补片修补术治疗中低位直肠阴道瘘的疗效,探讨该术式的可行性。方法10例直肠阴道瘘患者,其中先天发育不良6例,肛门直肠周围脓肿2例,外伤1例,产伤1例。10例患者采用经阴道入路,将直肠阴道壁的缺损部分在无张力状态下应用生物补片包埋缝合修补。观察术后阴道漏气漏便、补片与组织排斥反应、补片的溶合降解、创面愈合时间、肛门功能等情况,并对患者进行随访。结果10例患者经一次手术治愈,随访2年,未出现复发现象。结论对于中下段单纯性直肠阴道瘘,经阴道行生物补片修补术治疗是一种安全、有效、可行的手术方法。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的治疗体会

本文报告主动脉窦瘤１３例，突然发病１０例，隐伏起病１例，无症状２例。窦瘤破入右室４倒，右房７例，突入右房和右室流出道未破各１例。全部病例在低温体外循环下行直接缝合修补或补片修补术，窦瘤合并室间隔缺损３例，同时予以修补。１３例均康复出院。     

室间隔缺损修补术后继发左室—右房通道2例

室间隔缺损修补术后继发左室—右房通道２例詹秋鹏张镜方吴若彬室间隔缺损修补术后形成左室—右室通道较少见，现报道２例如下：例１男，８．５岁。６年前在我院行动脉导管结扎和室间隔缺损修补术，术中见直径１．８ｃｍ缺损位于室上嵴下，用涤纶补片修补。术后仍有心悸、...     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断和手术治疗的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析总结收治的12例主动脉窦瘤破裂的临床经验,其中合并室间隔缺损2例,主动脉瓣关闭不全5例。手术时窦瘤直接缝合4例,补片修补8例,其中同一补片修补主动脉窦瘤破口和室间隔缺损2例,同期行主动脉瓣悬吊成形术2例。结果:全组无死亡,随访1～5年,恢复良好。结论:主动脉窦瘤破裂一旦确诊,应尽早手术治疗。     

室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏16例

先天性室间隔缺损 (ＶＳＤ)修补后常发生残余漏。 1 982年1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月我们共为 1 6例ＶＳＤ修补术后发生残余漏者再次手术 ,现就ＶＳＤ残余漏的预防和处理讨论如下。临床资料　 1 6例中男 1 1例 ,女 5例。年龄 3～ 2 5岁。均为先天性膜周部ＶＳＤ ,其中 5例合并重度肺动脉高压。首次手术修补缺损经右室径路 9例 ,右房径路 5例 ,右房加右室 1例 ,升主动脉根部横切口 1例。直接缝合修补 4例 (缺损直径 <1 0ｃｍ) ;补片修补者 1 2例 (缺损直径 >1 0ｃｍ) ,其中后下缘间断而肌肉缘连续缝合者 9例 ,全部间断缝合者 3例。1例停体外循环…     

青少年腹股沟疝治疗中应用补片的争议、共识及合理选择

青少年腹股沟疝在现代外科学治疗中有其特殊性，既不能像处理儿童疝一样仅进行腹股沟疝疝囊的高位结扎，又不能像治疗成人腹股沟疝一样进行传统缝合手术或使用人工合成材料进行无张力疝修补，目前在青少年腹股沟疝治疗中对补片的使用仍存在争议。生物补片作为一种可吸收材料，修补腹股沟疝缺损的同时诱导自身细胞及纤维组织生长修复腹壁缺损，并在自体组织增生修复腹壁缺损后可被机体降解吸收，不影响青少年的生长发育，在青少年腹股沟疝修补手术中的优势得到了越来越多学者的肯定，所以生物补片成为青少年腹股沟疝修补材料中比较理想的选择。     

室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏的外科治疗

目的　总结室间隔缺损 (室缺 )修补术后残余漏的外科治疗经验 ,探讨残余漏的易发部位。方法　 1979年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 5月对 37例室间隔缺损术后残余漏患者行手术治疗 ,单纯室间隔缺损术后残余漏 19例、法洛四联症术后室间隔残余漏 17例、右心室双出口术后室间隔残余漏 1例 ,占同期心脏手术的 0 2 1% (37/ 180 0 0 )。其中男 2 6例、女 11例 ,年龄 3个月～ 5 3岁 ,平均 (16± 12 )岁。全组以室缺术后再度出现心脏杂音并行超声心动图检查确诊。手术用补片修补残余漏 2 6例 ,直接缝合残余漏 11例。结果　手术死亡 2例 ,病死率 5 % (2 / 37) ;手术成功 35例 ,术后随访 3个月～ 15年 ,疗效满意。结论　室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏多见于三尖瓣隔瓣根部 ,其次为第二和第一转移针处 ;室间隔缺损残余漏二次手术效果良好。     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

婴幼儿室间隔缺损修补术后残余分流的自发愈合

目的探讨婴幼儿室间隔缺损（VSD）修补术后残余分流的预后。方法连续选取2008年l～6月上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心407例（男255例、女152例）婴幼儿VSD患者，1岁以下273例，1～2岁88例，2～3岁46例，均采用戊二醛固定的自体心包补片连续缝合法进行修补。结果407例患者中29例出现小残余分流（≤0．4cm），残余分流率在1岁以下、1～2岁、2～3岁各年龄段之间差异无统计学意义（Y2=0．054，P=0．973）。随访29例，随访1．5个月～2年，26例患者残余分流愈合，其中23例为膜周型，残余分流位于VSD隔瓣下或VSD上、下缘，3例为肺动脉瓣下型；有3例残余分流患者随访中始终不愈合，残余分流无明显变化，均位于VSD上缘，无需再次手术。残余分流率在各类型VSD之间差异无统计学意义（2=1．035，P=0．596）。结论婴幼儿VSD修补术后小于0．4cm的残余分流大部分可以自发愈合。     

Hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass for muscular ventricular septal defects in children

Objective: To summarize the technique and clinical experience of the hybrid procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods: From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in the 45 cases. Fourteen patients had another lesion that required surgical repair. Large membranous VSDs were closed with a pericardial patch after the initiation of CPB in 38 cases. Results: Out of the 45 cases, 42 had only one occluder and three had two occluders. The size of the device for mVSD closure ranged from 3 to 8 mm. All cases recovered smoothly after treatment without residual shunting, aortic or mitral valve regurgitation, or restriction of surrounding structures. All the children survived the operation with no late deaths during the follow-up. Conclusion: The hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

小儿多发室间隔缺损临床分析

目的 总结小儿单纯性多发室间隔缺损外科治疗的经验教训,以提高对本病的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析21例多发性室间隔缺损患儿的临床诊治资料。结果 本组患儿诊断准确率95．2％,病死率9．5％,无残余漏发生。2例术后早期出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞。结论 小儿多发肌部室间隔缺损,行手术矫治疗效满意;术前详细的心脏彩色血流图检查和术中仔细探察,对于提高本病诊断准确率,防止手术后残余漏至关重要。     

室间隔缺损术后残余漏的防治

目的：探讨室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏的原因，提出防治方法。方法：总结了室间隔缺损残余漏１８例，其中单室间隔缺损术后残余漏１２例，法乐氏四联症术后残余漏６例，均行二次心脏手术治疗。结果：二次心脏手术后，单纯室间隔缺损残余漏１２例，治愈１０例，死亡２例。法乐氏四联症术后残余漏６例，治愈４例，死亡２例。结论：手术技术不当、遗漏室间隔缺损是造成残余漏的主要原因。提高修补技术，术中探查室间隔缺损，掌握适当再手     

多发性房间隔缺损介入治疗

目的本文报告1998年10月-2006年11月13例多发性ASD介入治疗体会。方法13例中男3例,女10例。年龄4~60岁,平均(26.1±4.2)岁。13例中9例2处缺损,3例3处缺损,1例4处缺损。合并房间隔膨出瘤2例,1例合并心房纤颤和心包积液。结果13例中11例应用一个闭合器功闭合,闭合器型号12~40 mm,2例应用两个闭合器闭合缺损,型号均为18/8 mm,2例术后残余分流。无其它并发症。结论多发性ASD介入治疗,必用TEE监测,确定ASD数目、直径和间距,尽量用1个闭合器闭合多处缺损。     

TEE在外科微创房、室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨TEE引导下外科微创封堵治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)的价值。方法 58例ASD和129例VSD患者接受TEE引导下外科微创封堵治疗。术中行胸壁小切口暴露心脏,于TEE监测下选择右心房或右心室穿刺点,指引动脉止血鞘通过缺口后释放封堵装置,待TEE多切面证实封堵器位置良好、无明显残余分流及瓣膜并发症后释放封堵器。结果 58例ASD均封堵成功,术后即刻TEE见8例封堵器周围微量残余分流。129例VSD中,114例VSD封堵成功,其中19例术后即刻TEE检查见残余分流,2例右心室流出道血流速度增快,1例变更右心室壁穿刺点后导丝顺利进入缺口;15例转行体外循环下心内直视修补术。结论 TEE可用于指导外科微创封堵治疗ASD和VSD,包括测量缺损大小和位置、选择封堵器型号、确定手术路径、引导封堵器释放和评估治疗效果。     

Impaired ventilatory efficiency after closure of atrial or ventricular septal defect

Objectives: Atrial and ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defects and the closing procedures share important similarities. Generally, the postoperative outcome is considered benign, but there is growing concern regarding late ventilatory function. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the ventilatory function in patients with open as well as percutaneously or surgically closed atrial and ventricular septal defects. Methods: We performed a search protocol based on the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) guidelines. A data collection form was specifically developed and data were extracted from the included studies by a primary reviewer and cross-checked by the secondary reviewer. Results: We found an increasing evidence of late impairment in ventilatory efficiency, and despite that ventilatory function is commonly normal at rest, abnormalities were disclosed during exercise. There are indices that surgical closure plays an important role. Discussion: Atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect patients have persisting, long-term impairment in ventilatory efficiency during exercise. Although the pathogenesis behind this finding may be multifactorial, there are indices that the surgical procedure may play an important role. Nevertheless, the literature is this field is sparse, and additional studies are needed.     

对法洛四联症中室间隔缺损的临床解剖和外科修补再评价

目的探讨法洛四联症（TOF）中室间隔缺损（VSD）的临床解剖特点，对其分类方法和外科修补方法给予再评价。方法回顾我院2002年1月到2006年6月100例TOF患者的临床资料，术前年龄2个月～13岁，体重5～38kg，脉搏血氧饱和度57％～92％、红细胞压积0．34～0．74；Nakata指数90～210mm^2／m^2，McGoon比值0．8～2．0。术中分析VSD的临床解剖结构。结果71例有三尖瓣与动脉瓣的纤维连接，19例缺损后下缘为肌性，10例为肺动脉瓣下型VSD。无Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞；房室分离2例，后均转为窦性心律；不完全性右束支传导阻滞22例；3例后下缘残留细束样分流（小于0．2cm）的患者未处理，随访6个月后愈合。结论将TOF中的VSD分为膜部对位不良型、肌性对位不良型和肺动脉瓣下型，能更好地、精确地修补缺损。