肝硬化患者血栓调节蛋白、抗凝及纤溶系统的变化与Child-Pugh分级的关系

目的 探讨肝硬化患者血栓调节蛋白(TM)、抗凝及纤溶系统指标的变化及其与Child-Pugh分级的关系.方法 肝硬化患者77例,按Child-Pugh分级进行分组:A级组12例,B级组32例,C级组33例;对照组20例.均检测TM、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、蛋白-C(PC)、蛋白-S(PS)、D-二聚体、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1).结果 在对照组、A级组、B级组、C级组中,TM随病情加重而升高,分别为(4.24±0.81)μg/L、(4.36±2.56)μg/L、(6.66±3.30)μg/L、(6.79±3.69)μg/L;AT-Ⅲ随病情加重而逐渐降低,分别为(102.35±8.12)%、(105.46±8.71)%、(102.09±8.39)%、(94.32±9.85)%;PC和PS随病情加重而有逐渐减低的趋势;D-二聚体随病情加重而逐渐增高,分别为(0.27±0.13)mg/L、(0.42±0.26)mg/L、(0.79±0.35)mg/L、(0.93±0.43)mg/L;t-PA和PAI-1随肝功能恶化而变化的现象不明显.结论 肝硬化患者的TM、抗凝和纤溶系统指标存在明显的异常且和Child-Pugh分级相关.检测以上指标有助于对肝功能损害程度及预后的判断.     

银杏叶提取物对急性脑梗死病人血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白水平影响的研究

目的观察银杏叶提取物注射液对脑梗死病人血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（OX-LDL）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平的影响。方法60例急性脑梗死病人分为两组：试验组30例，静脉滴注银杏叶提取物注射液20ml／次，qd，连续14d；对照组30例，每日静脉滴注香丹注射液20ml，连续14d。于治疗前和治疗后14d分别检测血浆0X—LDL、SOD、MDA的水平变化。结果试验组病人治疗前血浆0X—LDL、SOD、MDA水平分别为（0．70±0.19）mg／L、（81．0±8．0）kU／L、（6．6±1．3）μmol／L，治疗后分别为（0．52±0．26）mg／L、（106．0±6．0）kU／L、（4．2±1．2）μmol／L，治疗前后有非常显著差异（P〈0．01）；对照组治疗前后血浆OX-LDL、SOD、MDA水平变化不明显（P〉0．05）。治疗期间两组病人均未出现明显不良反应。结论银杏叶提取物注射液具有清除自由基、降低血浆OX-LDL水平的作用。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与急性脑梗死关系的临床研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与急性脑梗死的关系及其临床意义。方法86例急性脑梗死患者（急性脑梗死组）和同期66例体检正常的健康者（对照组）采用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定血浆Hcy，采用化学发光法测定叶酸和维生素B12，并将结果进行比较。结果急性脑梗死组血浆Hcy为（20．08±8．72）μmol／L，对照组为（12．50±2．20）μmol／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；急性脑梗死组血浆叶酸为（4．98±5．01）μg／L，对照组为（7．68±2．02）μg／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；急性脑梗死组血浆维生素B12为（227．39±127．89）pmol／L，对照组为（311．64±152．15）pmol／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论急性脑梗死患者血浆Hcy是升高的，而血浆叶酸和维生素B12呈下降趋势，Hcy是急性脑梗死的独立危险因素。     

动态检测血清C反应蛋白预测脑梗死复发的临床研究

目的 探讨血清C反应蛋白（CRP）水平预测动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死（ATCI）复发的临床价值。方法 采用免疫透射比浊法测定86例ATCI患者发病后72h内、第1个月、第6个月的CRP浓度，分别记为CRP1、CRP2、CRP3。追踪随访12个月后将其中19例复发脑梗死患者作为复发组，并将67例未复发患者中随机抽出30例作对照组，对照分析两组间CRP水平。结果 ATCI复发患者3个时期的CRP浓度分别为（21，25±5．08）mg／L，（16．53±3，12）mg／L．（16．07±3．78）mg／L；未复发患者3个时期CRP浓度分别为（11，94±3．04）mg／L，（8，64±2．13）mg／L，（8，78±2．0）mg／L。两者间均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论 血清动态检测C反应蛋白可作为脑梗死复发的预测指标。     

血尿酸预测急性重症胆管炎术后并发急性肾功能不全的价值及局限性

目的评估血尿酸（UA）预测急性重症腑管炎（ACST）术后并发急性肾功能不全的价值。方法回顾性分析102例ACST患者（ACST组）的临床资料，以30例同期手术的单纯胆囊结石患者作为对照组。结果（1）术前对照组血UA平均（246．42±67．12）μmol／L，ACST组平均（322．87±101．13）μmol／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义，P〈0．001。（2）ACST术后并发急性肾功能不全者入院时血UA平均（389．37±102．29）μmol／L，ACST术后未并发急性肾功能不全者入院时血UA平均（303．47±87．45）μmol／L，两者比较差异有统计学意义，P〈0．001。（3）血IA与急性肾功能不全病情轻重不完全平行，对病情的判断不如血肌酐（Cr）。（4）血UA〉320μmol／L预测ACST患者术后并发急性肾功能不全的敏感度和特异度分别为81．81％和73．75％，似然比为3．12。结论血UA对预测ACST术后并发急性肾功能不全有较高的价值，但对病情的判断不如血Cr有意义。     

神经生长因子早期干预对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清IL-6、IL-18影响的研究

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）外周血清白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-18的动态变化及神经生长因子对新生儿HIE的干预治疗作用以及有关分子机制。方法分为对照组、常规组、干预组。在1、3及7d采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法检查血清IL-6、IL-18的水平。结果（1）IL-6水平：对照组、常规组、干预组1d依次为（80．2±8．6）、（40．1±7.2）、（48．2±7．3）ng／L；3d依次为（81．6±8．8）、（52．2±7．6）、（61．2±7．8）ng／L；7d依次为（83．2±8．9）、（75．2±8．2）、（82．1±8．7）ng／L。（2）IL-18水平：对照组、常规组、干预组1d依次为（210．2±32．3）、（940．2±36．6）、（842．1±35．5）ng／L；3d依次为（294．2±33．2）、（1287．6±39．8）、（701．2±34．7）ng／L；7d依次为（116．1±30．5）、（937．2±36．2）、（352．7±33．8）ng／L。结论缺氧缺血后，HIE患儿外周血IL-6水平减低，IL-18水平升高，神经生长因子能平衡IL-6、IL-18的水平，调节免疫功能，保护神经细胞。     

消渴化瘀片对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的观察中药消渴化瘀片对实验性2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并高血脂大鼠血糖、血脂代谢的影响。方法60只健康Wistar大鼠，随机分为6组：正常大鼠对照组、模型组、小剂量消渴化瘀片组、中剂量消渴化瘀片组、大剂量消渴化瘀片组、玉泉九组：采用高脂饮食和四氧嘧啶（aLLoxan）腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型。比较各组治疗后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（P2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FIns）、餐后2h胰岛素（P2hIns）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平。结果实验性糖尿病大鼠模型组FPG、P2hPG、Fins、P2hIns、TG、TC、HDL—C、LDL—C等指标明显高于正常对照组，P〈0．05。经中药消渴化瘀片、玉泉丸治疗6周后。消渴化瘀片大剂量组P2hPG10．34±2．88mmol／L、Fins28．66±5．56U/L、P2hIns35．52±14．79U／L．TG1．62±0．19mmol／L、LDL—C2．34±1．07mmol／L水平显著下降，与模型组P2hPC；15．91±2．64mmol／L、Fins48．73±19．29U／L、P2hIns66．72±26．09U／L、TG2．98±0．23mmol／L、LDL—C4．59±0．86mmol／L比较P〈0．05；玉泉丸组FIns26．33±9．60U／L、P2hIns37．40±12．45U／L水平显著下降，与模型组比较P〈0．05。结论中药消渴化瘀片能降低实验性T2DM大鼠P2hPG、FIns、P2hIns、TG、LDL—C水平，且调脂作用优于玉泉丸。     

原发性高血压病患者踝-臂指数与C反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原相关性的探讨

目的 踝-臂指数（ankle-brachialindex，ABI）是一种非创伤性探测下肢动脉系统有无狭窄、动脉硬化、无症状缺血的方法。本研究通过应用ABI判断高血压下肢无症状缺血的发生率，及其与炎症的关系。方法 连续6个月在我院心内科住院病人中选择患者200例，其中高血压组150例，正常血压组50例，所有患者均接受下肢超声多普勒听诊仪检查，ABI小于1．0作为判断高血压下肢无症状缺血的指标。结果 150例高血压患者中有56例ABI小于1．0，占高血压患者组37．3％；正常血压组有4例ABI小于1．0，占8，0％，两组ABI值分别为0．87±0．07，1．38±0．08（P〈0．01）；高血压组中ABI〈1，0与ABI〉1．0的血浆C-反应蛋白（CRP）水平分别为3992±1264（ug／L），3212±1963（μg／L）（P〈0．01）；纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平分别为3．8±0．1g／L，3，2±0．5g／L（P〈0．05）。结论 高血压组中ABI小于0．1的患者提示有下肢无症状缺血存在，ABI小于1．0的患者血浆CRP、FIB水平升高；ABI下降，CRP、FIB水平增高与下肢无症状缺血的发生显著相关。提示炎症参与了下肢无症状缺血的发生，ABI可作为高血压患者下肢动脉粥样硬化发生的早期指标。     

芳香维甲酸乙酯治疗32例银屑病临床分析

目的探讨异丙酚、依托咪酯用于老年食管癌患者全麻诱导插管时效果及对循环系统的影响。方法选择65岁以上择期行食管癌根治术患者150例，ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级，随机将其分为异丙酚组（A组）、依托咪酯组（B组）、异丙酚合用依托咪酯组（C组），每组50例。麻醉诱导：A组采用异丙酚2mg／kg；B组使用依托咪酯0．3mg／kg；C组是依托咪酯0．1mg／kg和异丙酚1．0mg／kg。持续监测和记录麻醉诱导显效时间及循环系统的变化。结果（1）C组麻醉诱导意识消失时间（46．6±7．2）s，睫毛反射消失时间（51．6±6．2）s，眼球固定时间（60．2±14．1）8，均明显小于B组[分别为（66．2±11．4）s、（70．3±10．6）s、（82．3±11．5）s]，P〈0．05；与A组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；A组与B组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）在循环系统方面与注药前比较，B组在插管即刻血压和心率（HR）明显上升（P〈0．05），A组在诱导后血压和HR明显下降（P〈0．05），C组循环变化不明显（P〉0．05）。脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）均保持在97％～100％。结论依托咪酯和异丙酚伍用是老年食管癌患者麻醉诱导较为理想的方法。     

白细胞介素-13对成年人支气管哮喘的影响

目的通过检测白细胞介素（IL）-13浓度及其变化，探讨它在成人支气管哮喘（哮喘）发病机制中的意义，同时检测IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α浓度，探讨它们与IL-13的相互关系。方法以31例哮喘患者（哮喘组）及9例健康者（对照组）作为研究对象。采集诱导痰及外周血标本，制作成涂片进行细胞学分析；用酶联免疫吸附法测定IL-13、TNF-α及IL-10浓度。结果哮喘组血清IL-13浓度高于对照组[分别为（89．88±36．75）ng／L和（27．03±12．19）ng／L，P〈0．01]，诱导痰中浓度也高于对照组[分别为（69．14±24．48）ng／L和（18．74±8．87）ng／L，P〈0．01]，且血清中的浓度高于诱导痰中的浓度（P〈0．05）；激素使用患者诱导痰中浓度比非激素使用患者低（P〈0．05），诱导痰中IL-13浓度与嗜酸粒细胞百分比呈显著正相关（r=0．54，P〈0．05）。哮喘组诱导痰中TNF-α及IL-10浓度均较对照组高[TNF-α分别为（66．32±18．74）ng／L和（5．36±6．86）ng／L，P〈0．01；IL-10分别为（118．08±55．17）ng／L和（5．66±8．03）ng／L，P〈0．05]。哮喘组中，发作期诱导痰中IL-10浓度高于稳定期浓度（P〈0．05）。轻度哮喘患者诱导痰中TNF-α浓度与重度哮喘患者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论IL-13是与哮喘发病病理过程相关的细胞因子，与嗜酸粒细胞的活动关系密切，参与哮喘气道炎性反应及气道高反应性的发生，哮喘患者在激素治疗后其浓度降低。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.