Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma： Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

Objective  To identify clinicopathological factors predictive of lymph node metastases (LNM) in early signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC), and further to expand the possibility of using endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for the treatment of early SRC. Methods  Data from 27 surgically treated patients with early SRC were collected, and the association between the clinicopathological factors and the presence of LNM was retrospectively analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results  In the univariate analysis, a tumor larger than 3.0 cm, submucosal invasion, and the presence of lymphatic vessel involvement (LVI) were significantly associated with a higher rate of LNM (all P<0.05). In the multivariate model, the presence of LVI was found of to be an independent pathological risk factor for LNM. There was no LNM in 14 patients without the three clinicopathological risk factors (a tumor larger than 3.0 cm, submucosal invasion, and the presence of LVI). Conclusion  EMR alone may be sufficient treatment for intramucosal early SRC if the tumor is less than or equal to 3.0 cm in size, and when LVI is absent upon postoperative histological examination. When specimens show LVI, an additional radical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy should be recommended. This work was supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No. 20042071).     

人胃印戒细胞癌组织差异表达基因克隆的研究

目的:分离胃印戒细胞癌组织差异表达基因,探讨人胃印戒细胞癌发生的分子机制。方法:采用抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH),构建人胃印戒细胞癌组织cDNA 消减文库;随机挑选部分阳性克隆测序,与GenBank中的已知序列进行基因同源性分析,并进一步探讨基因功能。结果:成功构建高消减效率的人胃印戒细胞癌组织cDNA消减文库,并分离出多个差异表达基因片段:其中1 条与染色体序列相似,可能代表未知的新基因序列,已被GenBank 接收(注册号:CN446913);其他多为已知的肿瘤相关基因的部分片段。结论: 1 )SSH技术是分离差异表达基因的有效方法;2)胃印戒细胞癌的发生发展与多种基因表达异常有关;     

胃混合型印戒细胞癌预后影响因素分析

目的探讨印戒细胞比例低于50%的胃混合型印戒细胞癌(SRCC)的预后及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月四川省资阳市第一人民医院收治的110例接受根治性胃癌切除术、且印戒细胞比例低于50%的胃混合型SRCC患者的临床资料。对患者进行随访,随访终点为全因死亡,分析SRCC患者预后的影响因素。结果中位随访时间为32.5个月(0.9~70.0个月),中位总生存(OS)时间为40.0个月(7.0~61.0个月),3年OS率为46.5%。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,年龄≥60岁、男性、肿瘤位于胃中上部、肿瘤最大径≥5 cm、肿瘤侵犯胃壁全层、淋巴结转移、脉管神经侵犯的胃混合型SRCC患者3年OS率分别为34.3%、31.1%、30.0%、33.3%、40.7%、28.9%、37.5%,均低于年龄<60岁、女性、肿瘤位于胃下部、肿瘤最大径<5 cm、肿瘤未侵犯胃壁全层、淋巴结未转移、未发生脉管神经侵犯的患者(57.6%、57.5%、52.9%、57.6%、56.7%、74.6%、62.3%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Cox多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=1.225,95%CI 1.089~3.481,P=0.003)、淋巴结转移(OR=1.077,95%CI 1.059~2.674,P=0.034)、肿瘤侵犯胃壁全层(OR=1.342,95%CI 1.117~7.225,P=0.002)、脉管神经侵犯(OR=1.104,95%CI 1.087~2.541,P=0.018)是胃混合型SRCC患者OS的独立危险因素。结论高龄、淋巴结转移、侵犯胃壁全层、脉管神经侵犯的印戒细胞比例低于50%的胃混合型SRCC患者预后差。     

胃印戒细胞癌临床病理特点的分析

目的：通过对胃印戒细胞癌和非印戒细胞癌患者病例资料的对比,了解胃印戒细胞癌的临床病理特点。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2014年12月间第四军医大学附属西京医院经术后病理确诊的5481例胃癌患者的病例资料,根据组织学分型将其分为印戒细胞癌组和非印戒细胞癌组,对两组患者的临床病理资料进行对比分析。结果：印戒细胞癌与非印戒细胞癌在年龄、性别、肿瘤位置及大小、TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况上存在差异（P＜0．05）,在远处转移方面无显著差异（P＞0．05）。早期胃印戒细胞癌的淋巴结转移率高于非印戒细胞癌。结论：胃印戒细胞癌多发生于年轻女性患者,好发部位以胃中下1／3部位多见,早期即可出现较高的淋巴结转移率。     

膀胱原发性印戒细胞癌3例报道并文献复习

背景与目的：原发性膀胱印戒细胞癌（Signet—ring cell carcinoma,SRCC）临床极为罕见,国内外报道数甚少,对此病的临床规律缺乏深入了解。本研究旨在通过分析原发性膀胱SRCC患者的临床特征及治疗方式,探讨原发性膀胱印戒细胞癌的临床特点。方法：回顾性分析3例原发性膀胱SRCC患者的临床特征、治疗方案、随访预后等资料,并结合文献进行复习。结果：3例术前均行B超、CT、膀胱镜、活检等明确诊断为印戒细胞癌,并行相关检查排除转移性肿瘤。2例行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加原位回肠新膀胱术,1例行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加回肠膀胱术。1例术后行顺铂及5-Fu全身化疗1次,另2例未行化疗。1例随访至术后6个月死于全身多发转移,另2例随访至术后8、12个月无复发及转移。结论：原发性膀胱印戒细胞癌发病率低,无特征性临床表现和影像学特点,肿瘤呈浸润性生长,治疗主张在患者全身情况允许下应尽可能的行根治性膀胱全切术。     

早期胃混合型印戒细胞癌的临床病理因素分析

目的 回顾性研究印戒细胞比例低于50%的早期胃癌,分析其临床病理学特征和术后生存率。方法 于2008年1月—2010年1月共计424例患者在第二军医大学附属长海医院诊断为早期胃癌,根据肿瘤细胞内印戒细胞癌的比例不同,将其分为三组:印戒细胞癌(肿瘤细胞中印戒细胞比例＞50%,SRC组)、混合型印戒细胞癌(肿瘤细胞中印戒细胞成分＜50%,Mixed-SRC组)和非印戒细胞癌(肿瘤细胞中无印戒细胞成分,Non-SRC组)。评价术后临床病理学指标和预后,并研究其与病理类型的关系。结果 在早期胃癌中,混合型印戒细胞癌组在发病年龄和性别上与印戒细胞癌组相似,较其他组更易侵犯至黏膜下层且淋巴结转移率更高(P＜0.05),五年生存率更低(P＜0.05),免疫组化指标与其他两组并无统计学差异。在多因素分析中,混合型印戒细胞癌是影响淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论 在早期胃癌中,混合型印戒细胞癌易出现淋巴结转移,其生物学行为较其他两组更具侵袭性,预后也更差。     

早期口腔鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的研究进展

口腔鳞癌具有较高的隐匿性颈淋巴结转移率,然而,临床上对早期患者颈部淋巴结的处理还存在较大争议.从肿瘤原发灶浸润厚度、影像学方面探讨早期口腔鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的因素.对肿瘤原发灶浸润厚度>4 mm的患者,结合肿瘤影像学检查,建议行选择性颈部淋巴结清扫术.     

Clinical relevance of thymidylate synthase expression in the signet ring cell histotype component of colorectal carcinoma

Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-Fluorouracil (5FU). The aim of this work was to study TS expression and the proliferation rate in the different histological types of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). 50 patients with CRC were included in this study and evaluated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibodies, TS106 and Ki67. 20 tumours were of the intestinal type, 15 cases were signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCCs) and 15 cases were “mixed-type”, with at least two different histological components. Intestinal and mucinous histotypes were positive for TS and Ki67, while “signet ring cell” samples were negative or showed only weak and focal positivity for both the TS and Ki67 antibodies. Our results show that signet ring cells (that are also often present in intestinal and mucinous carcinomas), are in the post-mitotic phase of the cell cycle and show a low proliferation index and TS expression. As TS is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU), we can hypothesise that TS expression levels in the different histotypes of CRC could affect the potential responsiveness of these tumours to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, with a low efficacy being expected in signet ring cell areas.     

胃印戒细胞癌临床病理特征和生物标志的研究现状

胃印戒细胞癌占原发性胃癌的3.4％～39％,是一种含有大量黏液的特殊胃癌类型,具有恶性程度高、分化差、胃壁内弥漫浸润性生长、进展速度快、预后差的特点。除了早期诊断、尽早手术切除外,放化疗等治疗策略对印戒细胞癌的控制均不理想。近年来发现胃印戒细胞癌具有特殊的生物学特征,长期以来人们对其认识并不十分科学。因此,本文将近年来胃印戒细胞癌相关的临床病理特征和生物标志等内容作一综述,以期为其诊断和治疗提供新的思路与策略。     

Rate of detection of lymph node metastasis is correlated with the depth of submucosal invasion in early stage gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa is often accompanied by lymph node metastasis. However, the relation between the depth of submucosal invasion and the status of metastasis has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to clarify the relation between lymph node status and the histologic features of gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa. METHODS: The histopathology of 118 patients who underwent gastrectomy and lymph node dissection for gastric carcinoma invading the submucosa was examined. These pT1 tumors with invasion of the submucosa were confirmed by histologic examination of the resected specimens. Tumor size, depth of submucosal invasion, histologic type, and macroscopic type were investigated in association with presence or absence of and anatomic level of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Among the 118 patients, 16 (14%) had lymph node metastasis, and the status of metastasis significantly correlated with tumor size and depth of submucosal invasion. The frequency of metastasis to perigastric lymph nodes and extragastric lymph nodes was 0% and 0% for < or =1-cm tumors, 5% and 1% for 1- to 4-cm tumors, and 46% and 15% for >4-cm tumors, respectively. There was no lymph from a node metastasis in tumors with less than 300 microm of submucosal invasion. The frequency of lymph node metastasis for tumors with 300-1000 microm and >1000 microm of submucosal invasion were 19% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size and depth of submucosal invasion serve as simple and useful indicators of lymph node metastasis in early stage gastric carcinoma. Optimal lymph node dissection levels are as follows: 1) local resection (D0) for lesions < or =1 cm, 2) limited lymph node dissection (D1) for 1- to 4-cm lesions, and 3) radical lymph node dissection (D2) for lesions >4 cm. When submucosal invasion of a locally resected tumor is more than 300 microm, additional gastrectomy and lymph node dissection are necessary.     

Widespread osteoblastic metastases and marked elevation of CA19-9 as a presentation of signet ring cell gastric carcinoma

Widespread osteoblastic metastases, as well as marked elevations of CA19-9 and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), are the initial manifestations of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. CT Imaging revealed diffuse sclerotic metastases in the axial skeleton. It was only following gastric biopsy that the primary site of metastatic bone tumor was identified. Recent studies suggest that early diagnosis of cancer origin, including tumor molecular profiling, may dictate specific therapy, improve prognosis and increase patient survival rates.     

E-cadherin expression in early gastric carcinoma and correlation with lymph node metastasis

OBJECTIVE: Abnormal expression of E-cadherin plays an important role in the differentiation and progression of gastric carcinoma. However, the relationship between molecular changes in E-cadherin and metastasis in early gastric carcinoma (EGC) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty cases of EGC with or without lymph node metastasis (30 node-positive cases and 30 node-negative cases) were investigated to evaluate hypermethylation status using bisulfate-MSP and immunohistochemistry using antibody against E-cadherin. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (45.0%) of 60 primary EGCs exhibited methylation in the CpG island of E-cadherin. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with patient age, tumor size, Lauren classification, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, two factors were independent, statistically significant parameters associated with lymph node metastasis: abnormal expression of E-cadherin (risk ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.917-7.457; P < 0.05) and lymphatic invasion (risk ratio, 8.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.612-40.766; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that methylation of E-cadherin is a frequent, early event in gastric carcinoma progression, and is correlated significantly with downregulated E-cadherin expression. Inactivation of E-cadherin might be involved in metastasis in EGC and play an important role in microscopic differentiation.