心理社会应激与疾病关系的病例对照研究

研究生活事件、社会支持以及一般社会经济人口学特征等心理社会应激因素在病例组和对照组的暴露情况，探索一般疾病的危险因素，序贯收集四川医科院附属医院（简阳市）411名住院及门诊就医者组成病例组，筛选整群抽样的简阳市四川空分厂627名无病患职工组成对照组，调查其社会经济和人口学特征，并以相关量表测量其心理社会应激因素，进行logistic回归分析，结果显示：负性生活事件、年龄、婚姻状态不良与疾病呈正关联，社会支持利用与疾病呈负关联，OR分别为2．16，1．23，1．90，0．49。因此，负性生活事件是疾病的一个重要危险因素，社会支持利用对疾病起到了一个缓冲垫的作用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺结核的影响因素

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺结核（COPD-PTB）的危险因素。方法采用以医院为基础的频数匹配病例对照研究方法,收集经确诊的105例COPD-PTB病例和105例对照的各项资料,采用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归法筛选危险因素。结果单因素logistic回归分析显示,体重、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、应激事件等15个变量影响COPD-PTB发病;多因素logistic回归分析显示,体重（OR=0.637）、文化程度（OR=0.654）、应激事件（OR=3.554）、结核病接触史（OR=3.187）、吸烟（OR=3.547）、接触粉尘史（OR=2.560）、取暖方式采用柴草土暖（OR=2.649）或者煤炉（OR=2.418）为COPD-PTB发病的重要影响因素。结论体重较轻、文化程度低、有应激事件、结核病接触史、吸烟、接触粉尘、柴草土暖或煤炉取暖等,是COPD-PTB发病的危险因素。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病的危险因素。方法：以普查出的Ⅱ型糖尿病病人作为病例，进行1：2的病例对照研究并作条件logistic回归分析。结果：研究结果显示Ⅱ型糖尿病的发生与肥胖（OR＝3．803，P＜0．01）、饮食习惯（饱食OR＝3．635，P＜0．05）、精神心理（应激事件OR＝2．94，P＜0．01）等因素有关，并且是主要的危险因素。结论：提倡合理的膳食、保持良好的心态、控制体重等是预防Ⅱ型糖尿病的重要措施。     

膳食因素与2型糖尿病关系的logistic回归分析

目的：研究日常膳食因素与2型糖尿病患病的关系。方法：采用频数匹配病例对照研究设计,随机选择徐州市2型糖尿病新诊断病例185例,医院对照201例和人群对照197例,通过食物频数法膳食调查收集资料。使用logistic回归分析膳食因素与2型糖尿病的关联。结果：经单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析,结果显示膳食因素中高主食摄入（OR＝3．40）,经常性肉类摄入（OR＝2．29）,动物内脏摄入（OR＝2．47）,牛奶摄入（OR＝1．97）和甜食摄入（OR＝2．91）与2型糖尿病有显著性关联。结论：膳食中高能量,高脂肪,高糖摄入可能是当地2型糖尿病的危险因素。倡导健康的生活方法,提倡合理的膳食结构,是2型糖尿病防治的重要措施。     

海安县胃癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：初步探讨海安县胃癌的危险因素。方法：对1999年新发的128例胃癌例和128例健康对照，进行1：1病例对照组。采用logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果：快食，口味偏咸与胃癌的发生呈正相关（OR分别为1．225和1．600），多食蔬菜，豆制品与胃癌的发生呈负相关（OR分别为0．507和0．699）。结论：饮食因素是海安胃癌发病的主要危险因素。     

早产危险因素的Logistic回归及分类树分析

目的应用分类树模型和Logistic回归模型进行对比分析,探索北京地区早产发生的影响因素。方法对北京地区5家妇幼保健院的1323例早产进行1：1病例对照研究,应用分类树模型和Logistic回归模型分析早产的影响因素。结果Logistic回归模型显示均衡饮食（OR=0．509）、产前检查（OR=0．233）、常住址为城镇（OR=0．555）是早产的保护性因素,受教育程度低（OR=1．674）、负性生活事件（OR=6．086）、性生活（OR=1．704）、前置胎盘（OR=11．834）、妊娠期糖尿病（OR=3．170）、妊娠期高血压疾病（OR：5．024）、早产史（OR=17．574）和胎膜早破（OR=4．083）是早产的危险因素。利用卡方自动交互检测法建立的分类树模型,共筛选出5个早产高危因素,其中胎膜早破是最重要的影响因素,其他包括妊娠期高血压疾病、膳食结构不均衡、无产前检查、文化程度低。结论孕期应进行定期的产前检查可及早发现高危妊娠,避免各种不良刺激,保持良好心态,积极预防胎膜早破。Logistic回归模型可以提供变量影响的定量解释,分类树模型可以更好地展现变量间的复杂相互作用。二者结合可更好地服务于流行病学的研究。     

沈阳农村60岁以上人群良性前列腺增生危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨各种危险因素与良性前列腺增生（BPH）的关系。方法：采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究，病例组为沈阳市某郊区农村60周岁以上BPH患者，对照组为无前列腺增生（排除前列腺癌、前我腺炎等疾病）的老年男性，病例与对照各100例，单因素分析采用χ^2检验，多因素分析利用非条件logistic回归分析。结果：多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示BPH发病与下列5种因素有关：患前列腺炎（OR＝5．577，95％CI：2．147－14．482）；20世纪80年代初每月肉类摄入量（OR＝4．930，95％CI：2．404－10．111）；舒张压（OR＝1．050，95％CI：0．480－0．881）。结论：患前列腺炎、80年代初每月过多摄入肉类、舒张压高可能是BPH的危险因素；吸烟量大、饮酒量大可能是BPH保护因素。     

尿石症危险因素人群病例对照研究

目的 探索尿石症发病的危险因素，为人群预防提供依据。方法 选取深圳市尿石症现况调查发现的334例患者为病例组，721名健康者为对照组，进行尿石症危险因素人群病例对照研究；采用非条件logistic回归对34个变量进行分析，采用Falconer回归法估算遗传变。结果 尿石症病例组和对照组配比条件均衡可比，单因素logistic回归分析共有17个变量有统计学意义，但最终进入模型的因素有10个，其中4个变量为尿石症发病危险因素，OR值大小依次为既往泌尿系慢性炎症史（OR＝4.09,95%CI:1.38-12.14)，一级亲属尿石症史（OR＝2.61,95%CI:1.70-4.01)和多食动物蛋白质（OR＝2．14，95％CI：1．71－2．69），暴露日照时间长（OR＝1．39，95％CI：1．16－1．66）；而较高文化程度（OR＝0．46，95％CI：0．29－0．73），日引水量多（OR＝0．59，95％CI：0．48－0．72），饮果汁（OR＝0．41，95％CI：0．18－0．94），多食奶及奶制品（OR＝0．82，95％CI：0．68－0．99），多食蔬菜（OR＝0．70，95％CI：0．55－0．91）和多食水果（OR＝0．78，95％CI：0．64－0．94）6个变量为尿石症发病的保护因素。一级亲属尿石症患病率病例组高于对照组，尿石症分离比为0．0109，95％CI：0．0050－0．0168，一级亲属尿石症的遗传度为28．48％，男，女分别为32．06％和24．60％。结论 尿石症主要受饮食习惯影响，尿石症家族史和社会经济状况也与发病有关。     

自杀未遂危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨自杀未遂的独立危险因素以及精神疾病在自杀行为危险因素中的相对重要性。方法：对就诊于综合医院的152例自杀遂者和按1：1匹配的对照组用自制问卷进行调查。结果：自杀未遂组患精神病的比例显著高于对照组（37．7％比4．0，配对X2．45．45，P＜0．001），条件logistic回归分析结果显示自杀未遂有三个独立的危险因素，急性应激强度大（OR＝67．47，95％，CI8．85－514．56），患有精神疾病（OR＝13．85，95％，CI 2．01－95．55），和负性生活事件在近一年对心理的影响程度大（OR＝5．40，95％CI 1．12－26．08），结论：精神疾病是导致自杀未遂的一个重要因素但不是必然因素，有必要制定出具有中国特色的全国性自杀干预计划。     

吴忠市社区人群心理、行为及生化指标与高血压患病的关联性

目的探讨心理、行为及生化指标与社区人群高血压的关联性。方法采用病例对照研究方法,抽取吴忠市社区人群35～74岁以上高血压患者75人,健康对照75人,采用自行设计问卷和健康自评量表（SCL-90）对研究对象进行心理、行为等状况调查。并对研究对象进行医学体检和血液生化指标测定。结果在各因素中,饮酒、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、负性生活事件等因素在2组人群中比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高血压组SCL-90因子得分与常模比较,躯体化症状、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论饮酒、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、负性生活事件和心理应激与社区人群高血压的患病有关。     

影响人群健康的心理社会因素随访比较研究

目的：运用应激理论和综合健康概念,研究影响人群健康的心理社会因素及其一年间变化。方法：抽取简阳市某厂1160名职工为研究对象,进行基线调查和一年后随访。以问卷和临床检查相结合调查其社会人口学特征、应激性生活事件、心理健康状况、社会支持和社会功能及现患疾病,并进行单因素和多元线性回归分析。结果：1997年影响该人群疾病总分的主要因素有工种、年龄、阳性症状数、阳性症状均分、主观支持分,R^2＝0．32;1998年的主要因素有年龄、SCL－90总分、阳性症状均分、支持利用度,R^2＝0．345。结论：年龄、心理应激水平、社会支持等是影响人群健康的主要心理社会因素,且一年时间变化不大。     

简阳市322名妊娠期妇女焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素

  目的   了解简阳市妊娠期妇女焦虑和抑郁现状, 并分析其影响因素。   方法   采用方便抽样的方法, 对简阳市妇幼保健院就诊的322名妊娠期妇女进行调查。采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)测定其焦虑和抑郁情况, 采用社会支持评定量表(social support rating scale, SSRS)测定其获得的社会支持情况, 采用Pearson相关分析法分析焦虑、抑郁与社会支持的关系, 采用χ2检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析焦虑和抑郁的影响因素。   结果   简阳市妊娠期妇女的焦虑率为5.3%, 抑郁率为5.6%, 焦虑、抑郁与社会支持均呈负相关关系(P < 0.05);未做产前检查(OR=4.554, 95% CI:1.063~19.510)是简阳市妊娠期妇女焦虑发生的危险因素; 孕晚期(OR=5.381, 95% CI:1.422~20.363)和社会支持度一般(OR=4.150, 95% CI:1.198~14.375)是简阳市妊娠期妇女抑郁发生的危险因素, 初中(OR=0.015, 95% CI:0.001~0.275)、高中或中专(OR=0.004, 95% CI:0.001~0.128)、大专及以上学历(OR=0.053, 95% CI:0.003~0.851)是抑郁发生的保护因素。   结论   妊娠期妇女焦虑和抑郁的发生不可忽视, 可结合以上影响因素, 开展针对性的心理健康干预。     

社会心理因素与高血压关系的病例对照研究

目的 :探讨社会心理因素与高血压的相关关系。方法 :以 94名门诊及住院确诊高血压患者为病例组 ,筛选整群抽样的 5 87名无病患职工组成对照组 ,进行病例对照研究 ,调查其社会经济和人口学特征 ,并以相关量表测量其社会心理因素 ,采用非条件 L ogistic回归进行统计分析。结果 :年龄 (OR=1.82 9,P<0 .0 5 )、心理健康状况不良 (OR=2 .737,P<0 .0 5 )和负性生活事件刺激量 (OR=4 .811,P<0 .0 5 )是高血压发生的危险因素 ,而文化程度较高 (OR=0 .196 ,P<0 .0 5 )和家庭月收入较高 (OR=0 .5 4 1,P<0 .0 5 )是其保护因素。结论 :社会心理因素在高血压的发生中起着一定的作用 ,在高血压的防治工作中应当引起重视     

Relationship of psychosocial work factors and health-related quality of life in male automotive assembly workers in Malaysia

The present study investigates the relationship between psychosocial work factors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in male automotive assembly plant workers in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 728 male workers were recruited in March-July 2005 from 2 major automotive assembly plants in Selangor and Pahang. In this cross-sectional study, information on socio-demography, psychosocial work factors using the 97-item Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and an abbreviated 26-item version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire containing 4 domains (physical health, psychological, social relationship, and environment) was self-administered to all workers involved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of reported good or very good overall HRQOL and general health was 64.9% and 53.7%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that created skill was positively associated with physical health and psychological domains; whilst, skill discretion was positively associated with social relationship and environment domains. Social support was positively associated with physical health and environment domains; whilst, co-worker support was positively associated with psychological and social relationship domains. Job insecurity and hazardous condition were negatively associated with all domains, whilst psychological job demands was negatively associated with the environment domain of HRQOL.     

Psychosocial correlates of depressive symptoms among Japanese high school students.

PURPOSE: To determine the psychosocial factors associated with the presence and persistence of depressive symptoms among high school students in Okinawa, Japan. METHODS: The study sample was 3202 students from 12 public senior high schools. Students completed self-administered questionnaires from October through December 1997. We measured depressive symptomatology using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We asked students to report whether they had depressive symptoms at any time in the immediate past week, and whether those symptoms persisted for 5-7 days. The psychosocial variables examined were life stressors, perceived social support, health practices, self-esteem, and Locus of Control. The relationship between the psychosocial factors and depressive symptoms was examined using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: After controlling for the effects of demographic and other psychosocial variables, presence of depressive symptoms was positively associated with life stressors in the domains of friends, family, and teachers. Similarly, persistence of depressive symptoms was also positively associated with life stressors in the domains of friends and teachers. Presence and persistence of depressive symptoms were negatively associated with positive health practices, more social support, high self-esteem, and internal Locus of Control. CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial variables associated with presence and persistence of depressive symptoms were remarkably consistent. Life stressors might be risk factors; on the contrary, positive health practices, perceived social support, high self-esteem, and internal Locus of Control might be protective factors of depressive symptoms among Japanese adolescents.     

三峡库区移民心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的研究三峡库区外迁移民心理健康状况与影响因素。方法采用整群分层随机抽样,调查对象接受居民基本情况表、与团体用心理社会应激调查表（PSSG）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）的测查。结果（1）移民组的SCL-90除敌对、恐怖和偏执3个因子外均高于当地居民组（P〈0.001）;（2）移民组的PSSG生活事件、消极情绪体验、消极应对方式和应激总分高于地当地居民组（P〈0.001）;而积极情绪体验、积极应对方式得分低于当地居民组（P〈0.001）;（3）移民组的SSRS支持得分均低于当地居民组（P〈0.001）;（4）多因素的Logistic回归分析显示：影响移民心理健康水平的因素有年龄、健康状况、与地政府的关系和社会支持。结论移民组与当地居民组心理健康状态有明显差异,应针对影响因素采取措施,进一步做好移民工作。     

A literature overview of the relationship between life-events and alcohol use in the general population

AIMS: A critical review of the evidence of effects of stressful life-events on alcohol use in the general population, with a particular focus on study design. METHODS: A literature search in Medline was conducted, covering the period from 1990 to 2005, to identify articles in which the relationship between life-events and alcohol use in the general population (i.e. non-problem drinking population) was investigated. Samples with a limited age range (e.g. college students) were excluded. Twelve studies with a cross-sectional design, and four articles with a longitudinal design were included in this review. RESULTS: Four cross-sectional studies found evidence that experiencing life-events is related to higher alcohol use, three other studies, however, found no such association. The relationship between specific life-events and alcohol use in the five remaining cross-sectional studies is less clear-cut. Being a victim of crime was associated with higher alcohol use, but divorce and financial problems were related to both higher and lower alcohol use. Health-related life-events were found to be associated with lower alcohol use. In studies with a longitudinal design, it was found that health-related life-events and financial problems caused a decrease in alcohol use, and life-events related to spouse, friends and relatives, and retiring led to an increase in alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence points towards a relationship between the occurrence of life-events and alcohol use in the general population. The direction of the effect is, however, not unequivocal. When life-events are operationalized or categorized separately they are not only related to an increased alcohol use but also to a decreased alcohol use. Specification of the model to be tested, including buffering factors such as gender, social support, coping resources, as well as baseline consumption, is important for a correct estimation of the effect of negative life-events.     

重庆某县转户居民社会支持与心理健康关系研究

目的:探讨重庆市转户居民社会支持与心理健康的关系,为开展转户居民心理健康教育提供依据。方法:采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对179名转户居民和62名未转户居民进行问卷调查。结果:重庆市转户居民的心理健康状况较未转户居民差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);社会支持水平高的转户居民心理健康状况好于社会支持水平低者(P<0.05);转户居民社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度与SCL-90部分因子呈负相关(P<0.05);多元逐步回归分析显示主观支持对转户居民心理健康的影响作用最为明显。结论:转户居民心理健康存在一定问题,应加强转户居民的社会支持和进行积极系统的心理干预,促进其适应城市生活。     

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hopelessness: psychosocial factors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of psychosocial factors to the presence of hopelessness among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Secondary cross-sectional analyses were conducted with data collected from 136 ALS patients. Primary research questions were examined using hierarchical multiple regression procedures. Results showed that health locus of control and purpose in life were significant predictors of hopelessness among ALS patients. Other factors, including socioeconomic and demographic variables, variables measuring length and severity of illness, and additional psychosocial variables (social support satisfaction and degree to which spiritual beliefs help to cope with ALS) were not significant predictors of hopelessness. Results are discussed in light of the benefit to ALS patients of psychosocial interventions in disease management.     

Sociodemographic and health related factors associated with poor mental health in midlife Australian women

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between poor mental health and sociodemographic, psychosocial and health related variables in midlife Australian women. METHOD: The random population-based sample comprised 13,961 Australian women aged 45-50 years who participated in the baseline postal survey for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, conducted in 1996. The outcome measure, poor mental health status, was measured by the Mental Health Index (MH) of the SF-36. RESULTS: Sociodemographic factors associated with poor mental health were low educational levels, being unemployed or engaged solely in home duties, and non-English speaking background (European). Health related factors independently associated with poor mental health were having five or more visits to the doctor in the past year, menopausal status (surgical and peri-menopausal), less exercise, and smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day. Among psychosocial variables, low satisfaction with partner or close relationships, low perceived social support outside family, and more life-events over the past 12 months were independently associated. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a number of areas in which preventive interventions could be strengthened to improve quality of life among mid-aged women. These include policy changes to promote and support more education and employment opportunities for women before they reach midlife, increase understanding of the link between health risk behaviours and psychological well-being, and provide counselling services to improve women's relational and psychosocial circumstances.