胸腹腔镜联合与传统食管癌根治术疗效比较

目的 比较胸腹腔镜联合行食管癌根治术与传统手术食管癌根治术的临床疗效.方法 比较70例接受腔镜联合食管癌根治术与80例接受传统手术食管癌根治术患者的一般情况、病理学资料、术后并发症、复发或转移比例等方面的差异.结果 腔镜联合组手术时间长于传统手术组,但术中出血量、术后胸腔引流液总量及术后吗啡用量少于传统手术组(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).两组术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).腔镜联合组切除食管标本长度、肿瘤近端切缘长度长于传统手术组,但前者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),后者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组淋巴结清扫数目及术后并发症和切口种植致局部复发发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).腔镜联合组术后反流性胃炎发生率7.1％,传统手术组45.0％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).两组术后同期复发转移率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术具有与传统开胸癌根治术相同的治疗效果,且创伤小,恢复快.     

幽门成形联合十二指肠韧带松解对预防贲门癌术后胃食管返流的影响

目的 评价幽门成形联合十二指肠韧带松解在预防贲门癌术后返流中的临床效果.方法 将22例贲门癌近端胃切除患者术中行幽门成形联合十二指肠韧带松解作为 A组,另选未行幽门成形联合十二指肠韧带松解的18例贲门癌手术患者作为 B组对照,通过术后进行食管24 h pH监测,电子胃镜检查评价抗返流效果.结果 通过比较40例贲门癌近端胃切除手术患者不同术式两组间 24 h pH监测参数显示:24 h酸返流的总的返流次数、长于 5 min的返流次数两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而A组的pH＜4.00 的总时间以及最长返流的时间明显低于B组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组返流性食管炎评分明显低于B组(P＜0.05).结论 综合抗返流术式方法简便,临床抗返流效果好.     

管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术对食管癌术后肺功能的影响

目的 探讨管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术这一改良术式对食管癌术后患者肺功能的影响.方法 将38例胸中下段食管癌患者随机分成改良手术组(20例)和传统手术组(18例).手术均行左胸人路食管癌切除弓上吻合术,改良手术组将胸腔胃制作成管状且于上纵隔内主动脉弓上原位食管床吻合;传统组采用传统的囊状胃跨主动脉弓弓上吻合.测量两组患者术前及术后第10、28、56天的肺活量(VC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)及最大通气量(MVV)等呼吸功能指标.结果改良手术组与传统手术组术后并发症发生率分别为10.0%和38.9%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后各个时间点改良手术组患者VC、FEV1、MVV均高于传统手术组(P＜0.05);与术前相比,改良手术组患者肺功能指标的下降幅度低于传统手术组(P＜0.05).结论 与传统左胸入路的食管癌手术相比,改良的管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术对食管癌患者肺功能的影响较小.     

管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术对食管癌术后肺功能的影响

目的 探讨管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术这一改良术式对食管癌术后患者肺功能的影响.方法 将38例胸中下段食管癌患者随机分成改良手术组(20例)和传统手术组(18例).手术均行左胸人路食管癌切除弓上吻合术,改良手术组将胸腔胃制作成管状且于上纵隔内主动脉弓上原位食管床吻合;传统组采用传统的囊状胃跨主动脉弓弓上吻合.测量两组患者术前及术后第10、28、56天的肺活量(VC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)及最大通气量(MVV)等呼吸功能指标.结果改良手术组与传统手术组术后并发症发生率分别为10.0%和38.9%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后各个时间点改良手术组患者VC、FEV1、MVV均高于传统手术组(P＜0.05);与术前相比,改良手术组患者肺功能指标的下降幅度低于传统手术组(P＜0.05).结论 与传统左胸入路的食管癌手术相比,改良的管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术对食管癌患者肺功能的影响较小.     

阶段性健康教育对老年食管癌患者术后配合行为的影响

目的 探讨阶段性健康教育对老年食管癌患者术后配合行为的影响.方法 将51例患者按入院先后分为观察组(26例)和对照组(25例).观察组实施阶段性健康教育,即住院当日、术前1～3d、术后回病房、术后第1天、拔除胃管当日、出院前1d,由管床护士实施不同内容的健康教育;对照组实施传统健康教育.术后1周评价两组患者术后的配合行为及术后并发症的发生率.结果 观察组术后配合行为显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 对老年食管癌手术患者实施阶段性健康教育,可提高患者的术后配合行为,降低并发症的发生.     

胸中段食管癌患者胸腹腔镜Ivor-Lewis术后生活质量分析

目的：比较胸中段食管癌微创与开放Ivor-Lewis术后患者的生活质量。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学附属省立医院胸外科2012年3月至2013年6月121例胸中段食管癌患者的临床和随访资料,其中微创食管癌Ivor-Lewis术60例（腔镜组）,传统开放食管癌Ivor-Lewis术61例（开放组）。采用生活质量核心量表QLQ-C30和食管癌补充量表QLQ-OES18,及自增的2个项目对两组患者术后生活质量进行比较。结果腔镜组术后4周和12周的总体生活质量、躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能、疲倦、疼痛、呼吸困难及咳嗽困难评分明显优于开放组（P＜0．05）,其中,总体生活质量、躯体功能、疲倦及疼痛评分术后24周仍优于开放组（P＜0．05）。另外,腔镜组术后4周、12周和24周的右上肢活动障碍和右侧胸壁麻木评分均明显优于开放组（P＜0．05）。结论微创Ivor-Lewis术治疗胸中段食管癌具有创伤小、恢复快及术后生活质量好的优点,值得临床推广。     

894例食管癌术前营养风险危险因素分析与预后

目的 探讨食管癌患者术前营养风险状况与预后的关系,分析营养风险的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析894例食管癌切除患者的临床资料.根据营养风险评分进行分组,总评分＜3分为无营养风险组,总评分≥3分为营养风险组.采用单因素分析术前营养风险状况对术后并发症、住院时间的影响,多因素logistic回归分析术前营养风险的独立危险因素.结果 营养风险组491例,无营养风险组403例.营养风险组术后并发症发生比例明显高于无营养风险组(33.60％对19.60％),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);营养风险组与无营养风险组术后严重并发症比较(23.01％对8.68％)、平均住院日比较[(37.20±13.89)天对(31.69±13.49)天],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄(OR=1.58,95％ CI:1.101 ～2.268)、入院症状条目数(OR=7.97,95％ CI:6.071 ～10.463)、入院症状严重程度(OR=0.26,95％ CI:0.186～0.385)、入院饮食状况(OR=0.62,95％ CI:0.482～0.813)是发生术前营养风险的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 年龄≥60岁、入院症状多、入院症状严重、入院饮食情况差的食管癌患者容易发生营养风险.存在营养风险的患者住院时间延长,易发生术后并发症.     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除经胸骨后胃-食管颈部器械吻合术后患者生活质量的评价

目的评价胸腔镜和腹腔镜联合行食管癌切除,经胸骨后胃一食管颈部圆形吻合器吻合术与颈胸腹三切口食管癌切除术对患者术后生活质量的影响。方法南方医科大学南方医院胸心外科于2009年1月至2010年10月手术治疗63例胸部中上段食管癌患者,其中行胸腔镜和腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术33例（A组）,颈胸腹三切口食管癌切除术30例（B组）。采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（EORTC）开发的生活质量核心量表QLQ-C30和食管癌补充量表QLQ—OES18评价患者术后的生活质量。结果两组患者一般资料的比较除吻合方式不同外,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．A组患者术后分别发生颈部吻合口瘘1例（3．0％,1／33）、颈部切口感染1例（3．0％,1／33）和吻合口狭窄1例（3．0％,1／33）：B组发生吻合口瘘8例（26．7％,8／30）,吻合口狭窄2例（6．7％．2／30）．颈部切口感染1例（3．3％,1／30）,肺部感染6例（20．0％,6／30）;均经保守治疗后好转。A组患者术后在吞咽闲难、进食、疼痛、梗阻、呼吸困难、食欲丧失、疲倦、经济困难、躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能及总体健康状况维度方面的评分均优于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）：其余维度差异无统计学意义。结论胸腔镜和腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术患者颈部器械吻合后并发症发生率低．生活质量明显优于颈胸腹三切口手术的患者。     

管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术对食管癌术后肺功能的影响

目的 探讨管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术这一改良术式对食管癌术后患者肺功能的影响.方法 将38例胸中下段食管癌患者随机分成改良手术组（20例）和传统手术组（18例）.手术均行左胸人路食管癌切除弓上吻合术,改良手术组将胸腔胃制作成管状且于上纵隔内主动脉弓上原位食管床吻合;传统组采用传统的囊状胃跨主动脉弓弓上吻合.测量两组患者术前及术后第10、28、56天的肺活量（VC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）及最大通气量（MVV）等呼吸功能指标.结果改良手术组与传统手术组术后并发症发生率分别为10.0%和38.9%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术后各个时间点改良手术组患者VC、FEV1、MVV均高于传统手术组（P＜0.05）;与术前相比,改良手术组患者肺功能指标的下降幅度低于传统手术组（P＜0.05）.结论 与传统左胸入路的食管癌手术相比,改良的管状胃经食管床弓上吻合术对食管癌患者肺功能的影响较小.     

两种消化道重建手术在胃癌根治术后恢复中的应用效果及其对生活质量的影响

目的分析根治性近端胃切除空肠间置吻合术与根治性全胃切除食管空肠Rouxen-Y吻合术对胃癌病人术后恢复及生活质量的影响。方法近端胃癌病人50例,按数字表法将50例病人随机分为对照组和观察组,每组25例。对照组病人实施根治性全胃切除食管空肠Rouxen-Y吻合术,观察组病人实施根治性近端胃切除空肠间置吻合术。比较两组病人手术前后血常规、肝肾功能、术后并发症发生情况、术后胃食管反流情况以及手术前后生活质量。结果两组病人术前、术后血常规和肝肾功能各项指标无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后出现反流性食管炎明显少于对照组,钡剂反流入食管例数明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组病人术后躯体功能、情绪功能、整体健康生活质量评分和术前比较明显较高,观察组病人术后情绪功能、整体健康生活质量评分和对照组比较明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论近端胃切除空肠间置吻合术能明显减少胃癌病人术后反流性食管炎的发生率,提高病人生活质量,临床效果优于根治性全胃切除食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。     

高龄食管癌术后早期并发症的临床分析

目的 总结70岁以上高龄食管术后早期并发症的临床特点,探讨防治术后早期并发症的方法.方法 106例患者均经手术治疗,并行胸部及腹部二野淋巴结清扫,根治性切除102例,姑息性切除4例（2例侵犯气管,2例侵犯胸主动脉）.26例采用经左胸后外侧切口进胸,其中主动脉弓上吻合20例、主动脉弓下吻合6例.左后外侧切口＋左颈部切口颈部吻合8例.右颈、右胸及上腹部正中三切口手术20例,右胸及上腹部正中两切口手术52例.胸内吻合采用管型吻合器吻合,颈部吻合采用间断全层食管-胃端侧吻合,并浆肌层包埋.结果 合并心、肺疾病的食管癌患者术后早期并发症发生率明显高于无合并心、肺疾病患者（P＜0.05）;并发症组手术时间和术中出血量明显高于无并发症组（P＜0.05）.结论 高龄食管癌术前合并心、肺疾病,手术时间延长,术中出血量多均可导致术后并发症发生率增高.术前做好充分的准备,术中减少手术创伤、缩短手术时间及减少出血量,可防止术后早期并发症的发生.     

保留迷走神经的食管贲门癌切除胃底重建术后胃功能研究

目的 研究保留迷走神经的食管、贲门癌切除并胃底重建术后胃功能的变化，以探讨其应用前景。方法 对68例无外侵的早、中期食管和贲门癌患者施行根治性切除，术中保留迷走神经加胃底重建（观察组）；随机选择68例未保留迷走神经、未加胃底重建的常规手术者作对照组。术后观察对比两组患者手术前后的自觉症状和电子胃镜检查结果及上消化道压力、24h胃pH值及基础胃酸分泌量、胃排空时间、血清胃泌素含量检测结果。结果 （1）临床症状：在厌食、嗳气、反流、烧心、恶心、腹泻、餐后饱胀感方面，观察组患者较对照组明显改善（P〈0．01）。（2）24h胃pH值、基础胃酸分泌量、空腹血清胃泌素和胸腔胃排空检测结果：观察组手术前、后比较差异无统计学意义。术后1个月与术前比较，均P〉0．05；术后1年与术前比较，也均P〉0．05。（3）上消化道压力：观察组吻合口上方食管静息压增加，术后1个月和1年时与术前比较，P〈0．01；而对照组则没有增加，术后1个月和1年时与术前比较，P〉0．05；观察组吻合口上方食管体部收缩压高于对照组，术后1个月和1年时与对照组比较，P〈0．05。（4）观察组患者术后胃萎缩性胃炎和反流性食管炎的发生率与对照组比较，明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论 对于早期无周围外侵的食管贲门癌患者保留迷走神经的食管、贲门癌切除并胃底重建术能防止术后胃的消化功能紊乱。     

Comparison of open three-field and minimally-invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

The aim was to compare the early outcomes between thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE) and open three-field esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 96 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent TLE, and 78 patients who underwent open three-field esophagectomy from March 2008 to September 2010. All the operations were successful. There was no significant difference between TLE and open three-field esophagectomy with regard to the number of lymph nodes procured (17.75±5.56 vs. 18.03±6.20, P>0.05), complications (32.3% vs. 46.2%, P>0.05), and operative mortality (2.1% vs. 3.8%, P>0.05). However, hospital stay was significantly shorter in the TLE group than the open esophagectomy group (12.64±8.82 vs. 17.53±6.40 days, P<0.01), and the TLE group had significantly less blood loss (346.68±41.13 vs. 519.26±47.74 ml, P<0.01). This showed that TLE for esophageal cancer offers results as good as or better than those with open three-field esophagectomy.     

Surgical Treatment of Cancer of the Thoracic Esophagus in Association With a Major Pulmonary Operation

Background: Pulmonary complications have been a major cause of mortality after operations for cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Although the risk involved in esophagectomy associated with a major pulmonary operation is expected to be high, it has seldom been evaluated on the basis of clinical experience.

Study Design: Of 408 patients who underwent esophagectomy, 8 had previously undergone major pulmonary operation (7 for tuberculosis and 1 for pulmonary cancer) and 10 underwent concurrent major pulmonary resection (7 for pulmonary invasion of esophageal cancer, 2 for synchronous pulmonary cancer, 1 for extensive bronchiectasia). All patients underwent systematic lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer, except one patient with mucosal cancer. To prevent postoperative complications, the operative approach and dissection procedures for esophageal cancer were modified according to the associated pulmonary operation and the extent of cancer invasion. All thoracotomies for esophagectomy were performed on the same side as the major pulmonary operation. Additional median sternotomy was performed when necessary. In the most recent 8 patients who underwent major pulmonary resection concurrent with esophagectomy, the bronchial stump was covered with a pedicle flap.

Results: Of the 18 patients who underwent pulmonary operation, postoperative complications developed in 13 of the 18 object patients, but none was fatal. The 3-year survival rate was 45%. All deaths were caused by esophageal cancer or another cancer.

Conclusions: Aggressive esophagectomy associated with major pulmonary operation is not contraindicated in patients with fair risk conditions. The operative procedures for esophagectomy should be appropriately modified to minimize the effect of the associated pulmonary operation. Special care should be taken with respect to the approach for mediastinal dissection and closure of the bronchial stump.     

Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life for Disease-Free Esophageal Cancer Patients

Background  

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) has been studied extensively during the first year following esophagectomy, but little is known about HRQL in long-term survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate HRQL in patients alive at least 1 year after surgical resection for esophageal cancer using validated European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life (QOL) questionnaires (QLQ).     

Limited operation for patients with T1 esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy has been introduced as a minimally invasive operation to prevent postoperative complications in patients with relatively early-stage esophageal cancer who have preoperative pulmonary or cardiovascular complications or who are in a high age bracket. However, this procedure for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial, especially as regards curative surgery because complete intrathoracic lymphadenectomy cannot be performed in this operation. Thus, cancer recurrence after this operation has been considered to be high. To evaluate the benefits of this less invasive surgery for patients with T1 esophageal cancer, the prognoses of patients who underwent transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy were compared with those of patients who underwent traditional esophagectomy with thoracotomy. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1998, 33 patients with T1 esophageal cancer were operated on in our hospital. We introduced transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy in 19 patients who were over 70 years old or who had preoperative complications (transhiatal group). The remaining 14 patients were treated with the transthoracic procedure (transthoracic group). These 33 patients were followed up at our hospital until the end of 1999. The postoperative complications and prognoses in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: We were able to reduce the operation time using the transhiatal procedure. Even though no significant difference was detected, there were fewer postoperative pulmonary complications with this procedure (11%) than with the transthoracic procedure (21%). The incidences of in-hospital mortality did not differ between the two groups. Cancer recurrence was detected in 5 of 19 patients (26%) in the transhiatal group and in 5 of 14 patients (36%) in the transthoracic group; no difference was observed (P=0.562). The 5-year survival rate (58%) of the transhiatal group was no different from that of the transthoracic group (62%, P=0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Complete intrathoracic lymphadenectomy cannot be performed along with transhiatal esophagectomy; however, the prognoses of patients who were treated with this procedure were no different from those of patients who were treated with transthoracic esophagectomy. Thus, transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy might be a justifiable operation for compromised patients with T1 esophageal cancer.     

3D腹腔镜单向式胃游离在食管癌微创化治疗中的应用

目的 评价3D腹腔镜单向式胃游离法应用于食管癌微创化根治术的安全性、可行性及短期疗效.方法 回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院胸外科2018年2月至2019年12月收治的行胸腹腔镜下McKeown三切口食管癌根治术(二野淋巴结清扫)的118例食管癌患者的临床资料,其中男94例、女24例,年龄53.7(41～77)岁.其中55例...     

Optimum Treatment Strategy for Superficial Esophageal Cancer: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection versus Radical Esophagectomy

This study was designed to determine the optimum treatment for a superficial esophageal cancer involving the mucosal or submucosal layer of the esophagus. The subjects were 150 patients with a superficial esophageal cancer who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or esophagectomy in Kurume University Hospital from 1981 to 1997. The mortality and morbidity rates, survival rate, and recurrence rate were retrospectively compared for (1) 35 patients who underwent EMR and 37 patients who underwent esophagectomy for a mucosal esophageal cancer and (2) 45 patients who underwent extended radical esophagectomy and 33 patients who underwent less radical esophagectomy for a submucosal esophageal cancer. Among the 72 patients with a mucosal cancer, lymph node metastasis/recurrence was observed in only one (1%); whereas of 78 patients with a submucosal cancer it was observed in 30 (38%). Among patients with a mucosal cancer the mortality and morbidity rates after EMR were lower than for those after esophagectomy. The survival rate after EMR was the same as that after esophagectomy. No recurrence was observed after either treatment modality. Among the patients with a submucosal cancer, the survival rate was higher and the recurrence rate lower after extended radical esophagectomy; than after less radical esophagectomy; the mortality and morbidity rates after extended radical esophagectomy were the same as those after less radical esophagectomy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the treatment modality (EMR versus esophagectomy) did not influence the survival of patients with a mucosal esophageal cancer, whereas it strongly influenced the survival of patients with a submucosal esophageal cancer. We concluded that EMR was the mainstay of treatment for a mucosal esophageal cancer, and extended radical esophagectomy was the mainstay of treatment for a submucosal esophageal cancer.