颈动脉内膜中层厚度与2型糖尿病

颈动脉内膜中层厚度 (IMT)可反映个体动脉粥样硬化 (AS)负荷程度 ,是心脑血管疾病强有力的预测因素。 2型糖尿病 (T2DM)患者与非糖尿病患者相比 ,颈动脉IMT的变化可提早 15～ 2 0年。这种变化与T2DM的遗传因素和体内环境因素变化 ,如糖、脂代谢紊乱、高血压、肥胖及合并的心脑血管病变、外周血管病变、视网膜病变、自主神经病变等相关。早期监测和逆转颈动脉IMT的变化 ,对预测、防治T2DM慢性并发症的发生、发展有重要临床价值。     

2型糖尿病患者不同肥胖指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨T2DM患者不同肥胖指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)的关系。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年2月于南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院和南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院内分泌科就诊的T2DM患者1762例,根据WHO年龄划分标准分为18～44岁青年组(n=402)、45～59岁中年组(n=1032)和≥60岁老年组(n=328),二元Logistic回归分析T2DM患者CIMT增厚的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价不同肥胖指标对CIMT增厚的预测作用。结果 中年、老年组皮下脂肪面积、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、颈围(NC)、BMI、WC、心脏代谢指数(CMI)、中国人内脏脂肪指数(CAVI)、内脏脂肪指数、甘油三酯葡萄糖指数、身体圆度指数、脂质聚集指数、HbA₁c、DBP、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C低于青年组(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归显示,青年T2DM患者VFA、NC、CMI,中年T2DM患者CAVI,老年T2DM患者NC是CIMT增厚的影响因素。ROC曲线分析显示,青年T2DM患者VFA、中年T2DM患者CAVI...     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度及其影响因素

颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）测定，为早期研究动脉粥样硬化（AS）提供了客观指标。我们对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者颈动脉IMT进行了彩超测定，并将IMT与年龄、病程、血压、BMI、血糖、血脂质的相关性进行了多因素分析。     

2型糖尿病非增生型视网膜病变与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者非增生型视网膜病变（NPDR）与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）之间的关系。方法选择NPDR组97例,糖尿病正常眼底（NDR）对组照100例。B超检测IMT。结果（1）NPDR组IMT明显高于NDR组（P〈0．01）。（2）NPDR与年龄、病程、收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、IMT、尿白蛋白呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与HDL-C、餐后2hC肽呈负相关（P〈0．05）。Logistic回归显示IMT是NPDR的主要危险因素（P〈0.01）。（3）IMT增厚组（60．7G）NPDR发病率明显高于正常组（44．1％）（P〈0.05）。结论T2DM合并颈动脉IMT增厚者NPDR发病率显著增高,推测动脉粥样硬化可能是NPDR的一个重要的相关因素。     

2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的观察糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性，并探讨其临床意义。方法2型糖尿病患者98例（T2DM组），糖尿病合并颈动脉内膜中层增厚患者（T2DM＋IMT组）55例，正常对照组64例，分别测定空腹血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白，并统计微量白蛋白尿的阳性例数及阳性率。结果T2DM组、T2DM＋IMT组空腹血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性率高于正常对照组（P〈0．05），T2DM＋1MT组尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性率高于单纯T2DM组（P〈0．05），尿微量白蛋白水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关（r=0．22，P〈0．05）。结论T2DM患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度密切相关。     

颈动脉内膜中层厚度与糖尿病血管病变

颈动脉内膜中层厚度是评价糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的一项有价值的临床指标,与糖尿病大血管病变及微血管病变联系密切,临床对糖尿病患者进行超声测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度检查可为评价糖尿病血管病变提供客观依据.     

2型糖尿病患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）的关系。方法依据CIMT将130例2型糖尿病患者分为非颈动脉粥样硬化（NCAS）组和颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）组。比较2组缺血修饰白蛋白及代谢参数方面的差异,分析2型糖尿病患者CAS的危险因素。结果 CAS组糖尿病病程、HbA1c、IMA显著高于NCAS组,且IMA与HbA1c呈正相关;Logistic回归分析显示糖尿病病程、HbA1c、IMA为CAS的独立危险因素。结论 IMA可能用于预测2型糖尿病CAS发生和发展。     

颈动脉内膜中层厚度与2型糖尿病

颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)可反映个体动脉粥样硬化(AS)负荷程度，是心脑血管疾病强有力的预测因素。2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者与非糖尿病患者相比，颈动脉IMT的变化可提早15～20年。这种变化与T2DM的遗传因素和体内环境因素变化，如糖、脂代谢紊乱、高血压、肥胖及合并的心脑血管病变、外周血管病变、视网膜病变、自主神经病变等相关。早期监测和逆转颈动脉IMT的变化，对预测、防治T2DM慢性并发症的发生、发展有重要临床价值。     

胱抑素C与早期2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性

98例早期2型糖尿病患者,分为动脉粥样硬化(AS)组和非AS组,测定空腹血浆胱抑素C水平.结果显示,胱抑素C水平与颈动脉斑块数量显著相关( r=0.432,P＜0.01),胱抑素C是颈动脉内膜中层增厚的独立危险因素之一(OR=2.21,95％ CI1.88 ～3.02).     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与白介素6的相关性

目的讨论2型老年糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与白介素（IL-6）的相关性。方法入选老年2型糖尿病患者,共71例,用超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）,并检测血清IL6水平。按照颈动脉IMT进行分组。IMT〈1．0mm者分入IMT正常组,IMT≥1．0mm者分入IMT增厚组。对两组血清IL-6水平进行t检验,对IL-6与IMT进行相关性分析及Logistic回归分析。结果IMT增厚组IL-6水平（41．23±9．66ng／L）高于IMT正常组（31．53±9．23ng／L）,P〈0．01;IL-6与糖化血红蛋白及IMT均成正相关,R=0．351,P〈0．01;IL水平升高者颈动脉IMT增厚的风险增加5．57倍（OR=3．81,95％CI1．07～13．66,P〈0．05）。结论血清IL-6水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度水平有关,并可作为老年2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化程度的参考指标。     

Association of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase gene polymorphism with IMT of carotid arteries in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to investigate association of a missense mutation in plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (G994T) with intima media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries. One hundred and forty Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged from 40 to 79 years without severe nephropathy were enrolled in this study. The genotype of the patients was determined by allele specific PCR. IMT of the carotid arteries of the subjects was recorded by B-mode ultrasound imaging. The patients were divided into two groups by genotyping, one carrying two wild alleles (wild group), and another carrying one or two mutant alleles (mutant group). Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to age; one subgroup consisted of 40s or 50s, and another consisted of 60s or 70s. The prevalence of the G994T mutation in the subjects was 28.6% (24.3% heterozygote, and 4.3% homozygote). IMT of the elderly patients of the mutant group was significantly greater (0.98 +/- 0.22 mm, n = 26) than of the elderly patients of the wild group (0.87 +/- 0.20 mm, n = 50, P = 0.0292). There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the two subgroups. The results of this study indicate that the missense mutation in plasma PAF acetylhydrolase is associated with development of atherosclerosis in the elderly.     

Association of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene polymorphism with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes

This study was done to see whether 27-base pair repeats polymorphism in intron 4 of ecNOS gene is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. The polymorphism was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ultrasound parameters of carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed in relation to the genotype in 210 patients with type 2 diabetes. The ecNOS4a allele was detected in 34 (16.2%) of this study group. With the exception of the plaque count (P = 0.069), all other parameters obtained by ultrasound examination of carotid arteries were significantly correlated with presence of ecNOS4a allele (P < 0.05). As all the measured carotid parameters correlated well each other, we selected the total mean carotid IMT (intima-media thickness) value to be used for this analysis. In the multivariate analysis including several variables such as age, sex, hypertension, LDL cholesterol, waist-hip ratio, and fasting insulin, all determined to be significant by univariate analysis, ecNOS4a allele had a significant correlation with total mean IMT (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the ecNOS4a allele is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients in Korea.     

Insulin-receptor gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was the assessment of the association of human insulin receptor gene NsiI polymorphism with type 2 diabetes in 125 diabetic patients and 110 healthy individuals. These polymorphism were studied using polymerase chain reaction. It was found the association between N2N2 genotype and type 2 diabetes in patients with normal body weight and with positive family history. The association of the susceptibility to myocardial infarction with N2N2 genotype was also observed.     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素/脂联素比值与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清瘦素、脂联素及二者比值与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法对2004年1月至2005年12月北京市垂杨柳医院内分泌科住院的121例T2DM患者的大血管病变危险因素进行采集,测量其IMT及测定空腹血清脂联素和瘦素,观察IMT增厚组(IMT≥1mm,n=69)与不增厚组(IMT<1mm,n=52)脂联素和瘦素变化及其比值变化与IMT的关系。结果IMT增厚组年龄、收缩压、舒张压、纤维蛋白原定量高于IMT不增厚组(P<0.05);IMT增厚组的空腹血C反应蛋白(CRP)明显增加(中位数:25mg/L对12mg/L,P<0.01),脂联素降低(中位数:5.8mg/L对7.6mg/L,P=0.05),但瘦素/脂联素升高(0.86对0.36,P=0.030)。相关分析显示,IMT与年龄、纤维蛋白原定量、CRP呈正相关(r分别为0.392,0.278,0.327,P均<0.01),与瘦素/脂联素呈正相关(r=0.205,P<0.05),与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.185,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,瘦素/脂联素增加与IMT增厚相关。结论在T2DM患者中,血清脂联素降低、血清瘦素/脂联素增高与动脉粥样硬化的形成有关,血清瘦素/脂联素比值增加可望作为评估动脉粥样硬化的血清学标志。     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗和颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

对65例糖尿病合并高血压患者和60例非糖尿病者的研究显示，2型糖尿病合并高血压患者瘦素水平卜了胰岛素抵抗和颈动脉内中膜厚度正相关。     

血管紧张素转换酶2基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2(angiotensin converting enzyme 2,ACE2)基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)及糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的易感性之间的关系。方法采用横断面病例对照研究,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测225例T2DM患者及194例健康对照者的ACE2基因的G8790A多态性,并推测ACE2基因SNP与糖尿病(DM)及DN发病的关系。结果基因型分析显示T2DM组和健康对照组之间G与A基因的分布差异无统计学意义;与T2DM非DN组及健康对照组相比,DN组男性患者A基因频率(59.6%)明显升高,G基因频率(40.4%)明显降低(P<0.05),女性患者A基因频率亦升高,G基因频率降低,但差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。结论ACE2基因多态性与T2DM的易感性可能无关,与DN发生有一定关系,尤其在男性患者更显著。     

Effect of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on carotid IMT in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cilostazol, a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and on the incidence of cardiovascular events in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. A total of 62 type 2 diabetic subjects were allocated equally to the cilostazol treatment group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 31). Carotid IMT was evaluated before and after treatment using B-mode ultrasonography. After the study period (mean +/- SD: 2.6 +/- 0.17 years), carotid IMT showed a significantly greater increase in the control group than in the cilostazol group (0.12 +/- 0.14 mm vs. 0.04 +/- 0.02 mm, p < 0.05). In the control group, 1 out of 31 patients suffered from symptomatic cerebral infarction and 1 had angina pectoris during the observation period. On the other hand, no subject in the cilostazol group developed cardiovascular events during the study period. At baseline, the diabetic patients given cilostazol had a significantly lower HbA1c level than the control subjects, but the other atherosclerotic risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, and serum lipids) and the duration of diabetes did not differ between the two groups. These results indicate that cilostazol therapy can attenuate the increase of carotid artery IMT in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.     

Strict glycemic control ameliorates the increase of carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strict glycemic control on the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in type 2 diabetic patients who initially had good glycemic control (HbA1c between 5.8 and 6.4 %). The subjects were 67 patients showing deterioration of the mean HbA1c over 3 years by more than 0.2% from baseline (D group) and 33 subjects showing improvement of the mean HbA1c by more than 0.2% from baseline (A group). The clinical characteristics and annual change of IMT during the observation period were compared between the two groups in a 3-year retrospective longitudinal study. The baseline characteristics and the mean values of BMI, blood pressure, and serum lipids during the study period did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the mean HbA1c of A group was significantly lower than that of D group (5.67 +/- 0.10 vs. 6.28 +/- 0.08, mean +/- SE, p<0.001). The adjusted annual increase rate of IMT was significantly less in A group than in D group (-0.035 +/- 0.019 vs. 0.036 +/- 0.015 mm, M +/- SEM, p<0.001). These results indicate that further improvement of glycemic control from a good HbA1c value can prevent an increase of IMT in type 2 diabetic patients.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发高血压的相关性研究

目的 :研究血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性与 2型糖尿病并发高血压的关系。方法 :应用 PCR方法分析 149例 2型糖尿病患者及正常对照者的 ACE基因型。结果 :1ACE基因型及等位基因构成比 ,正常对照组与 2型糖尿病组无显著性差异 ;2并发高血压组 DD型及 D等位基因频率显著高于无高血压组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :ACE基因 I/ D多态性与 2型糖尿病并发高血压有关。