1109例乳腺癌X线影像病理学分型研究

目的提高对乳腺癌X线征象的认识.方法分析1109例经病理证实的乳腺癌X线特征.结果1109例病例中,非浸润性癌66例(6.0%),早期浸润性癌74例(6.7%),浸润性特殊型癌96例(8.6%),浸润性非特殊型癌851例(76.7%),其他罕见癌22例(2%).结论乳腺X线检查对于乳腺癌,尤其是早期乳腺癌和隐性乳癌的诊断有重大价值.     

中小学生网络用户网络成瘾流行病学调查

目的: 了解我国中小学生网络用户网络成瘾流行病学特征,探讨不同人口学变量与网络成瘾的关系.方法: 通过分层整群抽样,从全国10个省(市)抽取36000名中小学生被试,采用网络成瘾问卷和自编的人口学资料及其相关信息调查表对被试进行施测.结果: (1)共获31915份有效问卷,我国中小学生网络用户网络成瘾整体发生率为6.6%;男生高于女生(9.6%/3.8%,x2=210,P<0.001));不同年级之间差异显著(X2=61.9,P<0.001),从小学四年级到高中三年级网络成瘾发生率分别为4.1%、4.3%,4.6%、8.4%、7.3%、7.5%、6.3%、6.2%、8.4%;三片地区高于一片和二片地区(7.6%/6.1%、6.5%,x2=8.1,P相似文献   

单药希罗达治疗老年晚期胃癌28例临床观察

目的 观察单药希罗达治疗老年晚期胃癌的临床疗效和毒性反应.方法 28例老年晚期胃癌患者接受单药希罗达方案化疗.应用希罗达2500mg/(m2·d),口服14天,21天为1个周期,至少2个周期后评价疗效.结果 全组无CR,PR10例(35.71%),SD12例(42.85%),PD6例(21.44%),总有效率为35.71%.中位肿瘤进展时间3.4个月.主要的毒性反应为手足综合征(28.57%)、腹泻(32.14%).恶心呕吐(39.28%).结论 单药希罗达治疗老年晚期胃癌疗效确切、毒副反应轻、使用方便.     

卡培他滨单药治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的临床观察

目的 观察卡培他滨单药治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的临床疗效和毒性反应.方法 25例复发转移性乳腺癌患者接受卡培他滨单药方案化疗.应用卡培他滨2500mg/(m2·d),口服14天,21天为1个周期,至少2个周期后评价疗效.结果 全组无CR,PR7例(28%),SD13例(52%),PD5例(20%),总有效率为28%.中位肿瘤进展时间3.4个月.主要的毒性反应为手足综合征(36%)、腹泻(44%).恶心呕吐(28%).结论 卡培他滨单药化疗复发转移性乳腺癌疗效确切、毒副反应轻、应用方便.     

隆胸术及其并发症的X线特征

目的探讨隆胸术及其并发症的X线表现. 方法对90例隆胸术后女性作乳腺X线检查(轴位及60度斜位照片),观察不同充填剂的X线表现,有无并发症及其X线表现. 结果硅胶充填31例(34.4%),盐水袋14例(15.6%),聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(下面简称凝胶)35例(38.9%),脂肪颗粒移植6例(6.7%),充填物不详4例(4.4%).发生并发症36例(40.0%),其中纤维囊挛缩(BakerⅢ-Ⅳ级)21例(58.3%),外漏3例(8.3%),散在结块9例(25.0%),感染3例(8.3%),脂肪液化3例(8.3%). 结论乳腺X线照片可用于充填物定位,观察充填效果,可监测隆胸术后的变化、随访价值很大.     

乳腺癌钼靶X线显示钙化灶与ER、PR和c-erbB-2表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌钼靶X线钙化与ER、PR及c-erbB-2表达的相关性及其临床意义.方法:分析86例乳腺癌钼靶X线片,将其分为有钙化组(46例)和无钙化组(40例);将切除的肿瘤标本行HE及免疫组织化学染色,检测并比较两组ER、PR和c-erbB-2的表达率.结果:乳腺癌钼靶X线有钙化组ER和PR的表达率均略高于无钙化组(56.5% vs 55.0%,45.6% vs 42.5% ),但差异无统计学意义 (P＞0. 05);有钙化组c-erbB-2表达率高于无钙化组(65.2% vs 40.0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05).结论:乳腺癌钼靶X线钙化与ER、PR表达无相关性,但与c-erbB-2表达密切相关;钼靶X线钙化可以粗略反映c-erbB-2表达情况,可为乳腺癌治疗策略的制定和预测预后提供参考.     

系统性红斑狼疮并肺胸膜损害46例

目的研究系统性红斑狼疮肺膜损害的特征和预后. 方法分析了89例SLE的X线胸片、临床和转归. 结果肺、胸膜改变46例(51.7%),包括胸膜炎16例(34.8%),网状或网状结节阴影26例(5 6.5%),片状浸润阴影12例(26.1%),肺不张1例(2.2%),病死率17.4%. 结论 SLE肺胸膜损害常见,X线检查应作为SLE患者常规定期检查 .     

1035名孕前育龄妇女FMR1基因(CGG)n重复序列多态性分析

目的了解深圳地区孕前育龄妇女脆性X智力低下1(Fragile X Mental Retardation,FMR1)基因(CGG)n重复序列多态性分布特征,为本区脆性X综合征(Fragile X Syndrome,FXS)的预警和孕前筛查提供参考依据。方法收集2017年4月～2018年1月来深圳市龙华区人民医院进行孕前检查的育龄妇女1035名,采用Amp1ideX~(TM) FMR1PCR及毛细管电泳技术对全血标本中FMR1基因(CGG)n重复序列及重复数进行检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 1035名孕前育龄妇女2070条X染色体中共检出23种不同等位基因,CGG重复数目的变异范围为n=17～63,FMRI基因中最常见的CGG重复数为n=28,占49.32%(1021/2070),其次为n=30和n=29,分别占29.56%(612/2070)和11.16%(231/2070),CGG重复数目n=28的检出频率明显高于n=30和n=29,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2.6145～4.0352,P0.05)。检出FMR1基因突变5例,突变率为0.24%(5/2070),其中前突变2例(n=63的1例,n=58的1例),占0.10%(2/2070);中间型3例(n=47的2例,n=51的1例),占0.14%(3/2070)。结论深圳地区孕前育龄妇女有一定的FMRI基因突变携带率,加强孕前育龄妇女FMR1筛查,对预防或降低遗传性智力低下并伴有自闭症患儿出生率具有重要意义。     

HLA-A、B基因多态性与遵义地区汉族人群肾综合征出血热的相关性研究

目的 探讨HLA-A、B基因多态性与遵义地区汉族人群肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的关联性.方法 采用群体研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术对100例肾综合征出血热患者和100例健康对照者进行HLA-A、B基因分型,比较其等位基因频率(GF),并计算其相对危险度(RR).结果 肾综合征出血热患者组中,HLA-A*31、B*58的等位基因的基因频率分别为4%、l2.5%,较健康对照组的0、5%明显增高,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(X2值分别为6.380和7.792,P<0.05,RR值分别为18.47、2.91);患者组中HLA-B*40等位基冈的基因频率(11%)显著低于健康对照组(19%),两者之问差异具有统计学意义(X2=6.095,P<0.01,RR值为0.47).结论 研究提示在遵义地区汉族人群中,初步认为HLA-A*31、B*58基因与HFRS呈正相关,HLA-B*40基因与HFRS呈负相关.     

宁波地区腺苷脱氨酶2缺乏症致病基因携带者筛查

目的 分析宁波地区腺苷脱氨酶2缺乏症（DADA2）致病基因ADA2携带率，为宁波地区DADA2的诊治提供循证医学依据。方法 采用回顾性分析方法对宁波市妇女儿童医院2019年01月至2023年01月的4039例进行全外显子组测序受检者的原始数据进行ADA2基因致病和可能致病性变异携带者筛查，分析致病基因携带者变异的类型和携带率。结果 共发现46例ADA2基因致病性杂合变异携带者，总携带率为1.15%(46/4039),8种不同的变异类型包括c.1065C>A(p.F355L)、c.1380G>C(p.M460I)、c.916C>T(p.R306X)、c.629T>A(p.I210N)、c.321delA(p.A109Lfs*11)、c.1358A>G(p.Y453C)、c.278T>C(p.I93T)和c.139G>T(p.G47W)。其中p.F355L人群携带率最高为0.79%(32/4039)，其次为p.M460I和p.R306X位点，人群携率分别为0.10%和0.07%，其他5种变异位点携带率≤0.05%，为罕见变异位点。结论 通过筛查明确...     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Pitfalls in TRAP assay in routine detection of malignancy in effusions

Telomerase has been found to be reactivated in a majority of cancers but is inactive in most somatic cells. Our principal goal was to determine the potential use of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay as marker for malignancy in cytological effusions. The simple selection criterion was the cytological diagnosis, and routine samples were classified into malignant (58 samples) and nonmalignant (233 samples). Of the malignant samples, 44/58 (76%) were positive by TRAP assay. Of the 14 telomerase-negative cytology-positive samples, RNA integrity was poor in 9, indicating suboptimal sample conservation for molecular analysis. In 3 of the remaining 5 samples with a negative TRAP assay, a high number of malignant cells was observed, and these cells might have been telomerase-negative. Thus, the sensitivity of TRAP assay for the presence of malignant cells was about 76%. In the cytologically nonmalignant effusions, the presence of telomerase activity was observed in 24% (55/233). Of these, 6% were highly suspicious for malignancy, 9% were doubtful, and 9% were cytologically nonmalignant effusions confirmed by a follow-up of 12 mo or more. According to these data, the specificity of the TRAP assay to detect tumor cells in effusions ranged only between 82-91%. Our results indicate that, although the TRAP assay is positive in 6-15% of putative malignant effusions, the relatively high number of TRAP false-negative and false-positive cases renders this test unsuitable for routine diagnostic purposes.