泮托拉唑与多潘立酮联用治疗胃食管反流病效果观察

目的:探讨泮托拉唑与多潘立酮联用治疗胃食管反流病的效果. 方法:胃食管反流病66例,采用随机、双盲法分成两组,治疗组34例,给予泮托拉唑20 mg,2/d,多潘立酮10 mg,3/d,口服.对照组32例,给予法莫替丁20 mg,2/d,多潘立酮10 mg,3/d,口服.于治疗后2、4、6周观察胃灼热、反酸、胸骨后痛等症状的缓解情况,并于6周后复查胃镜观察食管炎治愈率.结果:治疗组治疗2、4、6周后总有效率分别为79.41%、85.29%、94.12%,对照组治疗2、4、6周后总有效率分别为56.25%、65.63%、68.75%,两组比较有极显著性差异(P＜0.01) ;治疗组治疗6周后内镜下A、B、C-D级食管炎治愈率分别达81.25%、71.43%、75.00%,对照组治疗6周后内镜下A、B级食管炎内镜下治愈率分别为40.00%、30.77%,C-D级食管炎治愈率为零,两组比较有极显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:泮托拉唑与多潘立酮联用是治疗胃食管反流病的有效方案.     

西沙必利联合泮托拉唑治疗胃食管反流病90例疗效分析

目的 探讨西沙必利联合泮托拉唑治疗胃食管反流病临床疗效.方法 90例胃镜检查为胃食管反流病患者随机分为2组,联合组用泮托拉唑30mg,口服,每日1次;西沙必利5mg,口服,每日3次;对照组用泮托拉唑30mg,口服,每日1次.疗程均为6周.结果 两组患者治疗6周后临床症状与内镜检查均有疗效,但西沙必利联合泮托拉唑治疗性胃食管反流病的疗效更加明显.结论 西沙必利联合泮托拉唑治疗效果优于单纯应用泮托拉唑治疗.     

泮托拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗胃食管反流病的疗效分析

目的观察泮托拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗胃食管反流病的疗效和不良反应。方法选取胃食管反流病(GERD)患者96例,随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组予泮托拉唑40 mg,每天1次,同时予多潘立酮10 mg每天3次;对照组单用泮托拉唑40 mg,每天1次。疗程均为4周。观察两组患者治疗后的临床和胃镜检查表现,同时观察用药后的不良反应。结果治疗后治疗组总有疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05),两组均未发现严重不良反应。结论泮托拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗胃食管反流病的疗效明显优于单用泮托拉唑,安全性好,值得推广使用。     

泮托拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗胃食管反流病疗效分析

目的探讨泮托拉唑联合多潘立酮对胃食管反流病的治疗作用。方法选取104例病例,随机分成2组,每组52例,联合用药组予泮托拉唑40mg,口服,每天2次,多潘立酮10mg口服,每天3次;泮托拉唑单用组予泮托拉唑40mg,口服,每天2次。2组疗程均为4周。采用临床疗效和胃镜征象改变随访量化表进行问卷调查,并建立患者的档案。结果联合用药组的总有效率和胃镜征象改变有效率均高于泮托拉唑单用组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论泮托拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗胃食管反流病更有效。     

埃索美拉唑、铝碳酸镁和莫沙必利治疗胃食管反流病60例分析

目的探讨埃索美拉唑、铝碳酸镁和莫沙必利治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）的疗效。方法60例GERD患者,给予埃索美拉唑20mg每天2次,铝碳酸镁1.0g,每天3次,莫沙必利5mg每天3次口服。治疗后2、4、6周观察胃烧灼感、反流、泛酸、非心源性胸痛等症状的缓解情况,并于6周后复查胃镜,观察食管炎治愈率。结果治疗2、4、6周后总有效率分别为78.33%、85.00%、93.33%,治疗6周后内镜下A、B、C-D级食管炎治愈率分别达89.28%、80.76%、66.67%,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论埃索美拉唑、铝碳酸镁和莫沙必利是治疗胃食管反流病的有效方案。     

泮托拉唑治疗食管贲门术后反流性食管炎疗效观察

目的：探讨泮托拉唑治疗食管贲门术后反流性食管炎（RE）的疗效。方法：128例确诊为RE的患者分为2组,治疗组服用泮托拉唑肠溶胶囊40 mg,qd和多潘立酮10 mg,tid;对照组服用法莫替丁20mg,bid和多潘立酮10 mg,tid。比较两组疗效。结果：治疗8周后,治疗组反酸和灼痛等临床症状缓解率分别为98.6%和95.6%,明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）两组内镜下评价总有效率分别为87.14%、82.41%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：泮托拉唑治疗RE疗效显著。     

奥美拉唑联用瑞复啉治疗胃食管反流病

目的探讨奥美拉唑联合瑞复啉治疗胃食管反流病的疗效.方法观察组80例给予奥美拉唑2omg,每日1次,瑞复啉每次50mg,每日3次口服(简称奥组).对照组76例给予法莫替丁20mg,每日2次,瑞复啉每次50mg,每日3次口服(简称法组).各组治疗后2、4、6周观察烧心、反酸及反胃等症状的疗效.并于6周后复查胃镜观察反流性食管炎的治愈率.结果两组治疗前后三大主要症状均有明显改善,治疗2、4、6周后症状改善总有效率奥组分别为80%、87.5%、95%,法组分别为55.26%、65.77%、68.42%.6周后A级、B级及C-D级食管炎治愈率奥组分别为A级78.95%、B级60.0%、C-D级66.6%,法组分别为A级42.11%、B级28.57%、C-D级0%.奥组无论是症状缓解率还是食管炎治愈率均优于法组.结论奥美拉唑和瑞复啉联用是治疗胃食管反流病的有效药物.     

EXPO研究证实艾美拉唑优于泮托拉唑

在布拉格召开的欧盟胃肠病学会周(EUGW)大会上发表的EXOP研究结果表明,esomeprazole(暂译名:艾美拉唑, Nexium)对反流性食管炎的疗效好于泮托拉唑。 3161例腐蚀性食管炎(胃-食管反流)患者,在急性期分别服用泮托拉唑或艾美拉唑40 mg·d-1;2766例以20 mg· d-1作为维持治疗。经内镜检查和溃疡症状缓解程度分析,艾美拉唑和泮托拉唑维持治疗6个月的治愈率分别达87％和 75％(P≤0．000 1)。在急性和维持的整个治疗期,艾美拉唑     

伊托必利联合泮托拉唑治疗反流性食管炎效果观察

目的观察伊托必利联合泮托拉唑治疗反流性食管炎的临床疗效。方法将经胃镜检查确诊的反流性食管炎患者85例分为两组。观察组43例,予口服伊托必利50mg,3次/d;泮托拉唑40mg,2次/d,疗程8周。对照组42例,予口服泮托拉唑40mg,2次/d,疗程8周。比较两组治疗后的症状疗效及内镜下疗效。结果症状疗效:观察组显效36例,有效5例,无效2例,总有效率为95.4%;对照组显效27例,有效7例,无效8例,总有效率为81.0%。内镜下疗效:观察组治愈19例,有效21例,总有效率为93.0%;对照组治愈15例,有效17例,总有效率为76.2%。两组症状疗效及内镜下总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义。观察组、对照组不良反应发生率分别为4.7%、7.1%,两组接近,差异无统计学意义。结论伊托必利联合泮托拉唑治疗反流性食管炎与泮托拉唑比较安全高效。     

埃索美拉唑与泮托拉唑对反流性食管炎患者症状缓解效果的对比分析

目的:探讨埃索美拉唑与泮托拉唑对反流性食管炎患者症状缓解的效果.方法 :选取2015年1月—2015年12月我院收治的反流性食管炎患者118例,以随机分组方式分为埃索美拉唑组60例(予埃索美拉唑治疗),泮托拉唑组58例(予泮托拉唑治疗),采用反流性食管炎症状积分量表作为评价工具,观察两组的疗效及不良反应发生情况.结果 :治疗前及治疗后1、5、6 d,两组反流性食管炎症状积分基本相同(P>0.05).治疗后2、3、4 d,埃索美拉唑组反流性食管炎症状积分均低于泮托拉唑组(P<0.05).两组均未见药物不良反应(P>0.05).结论 :埃索美拉唑和泮托拉唑均有效缓解反流性食管炎症状,且具有良好耐受性,而埃索美拉唑缓解反流性食管炎症状较泮托拉唑更为迅速.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.