DSA直视下选择性动脉栓塞在鼻内镜下鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者术中的应用

目的:探讨数字减影血管造影术(DSA)直视下选择动脉栓塞术后经鼻内镜切除鼻咽纤维血管瘤的护理方法。方法:2007年10月～2011年2月,我们共收治12例鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者,采用DSA直视下选择性动脉栓塞加鼻内镜切除术。结果:12例患者均造影栓塞成功后,鼻内镜下切除鼻咽纤维血管瘤,无并发症,康复出院。结论:DSA直视下选择动脉栓塞术后经鼻内镜切除鼻咽纤维血管瘤可减少术中出血。术前心理护理、术后严密病情观察、体位及饮食护理对手术顺利开展,预防术后并发症,促进患者早日康复具有重要作用。     

鼻内窥镜在鼻咽纤维血管瘤切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨鼻内窥镜在鼻咽纤维血管瘤切除术中的应用效果。方法回顾分析25例患者的临床资料。结果本组患者全部治愈,术中均能彻底切除肿瘤。复查鼻内镜或电子鼻咽镜见鼻咽部术腔黏膜上皮化好,鼻咽颅底CT扫描未见肿瘤复发。无一例患者术后发生感染、出血。术侧鼻腔功能良好,无不适感。结论鼻内镜术式损伤小,并发症少,能在彻底切除肿瘤的同时最大限度的保护正常的勃膜和结构,符合现代医学的微创原则。较传统手术微创、出血少、生理干扰小、不影响颌面部发育,肿瘤切除更彻底;如确实肿瘤出血凶猛,无法控制,可经鼻腔进行快速有效填塞,随时终止手术。     

鼻内镜下切除侵犯翼腭窝、颞下窝鼻咽纤维血管瘤9例

【目的】探讨侵犯翼腭窝、颞下窝鼻咽纤维血管瘤鼻内镜下手术切除术的临床疗效。【方法】回顾性分析本科室2003-2008年9例侵犯翼腭窝、颞下窝鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者的临床资料。【结果】9例患者全部顺利完成手术,术中出血量800～1600mL,平均1260mL;手术时间2．0～4．5h,平均3．1h;住院时间10～18d,平均12．4d。9例患者术后随访6个月,2例患者有反复头痛,5例患者遗留鼻腔干燥,4例患者鼻腔有粘连,患侧鼻咽部有肉芽生长。随访期内未发现复发病例。【结论】鼻内镜手术切除侵犯翼腭窝、颞下窝鼻咽纤维血管瘤,其颅面部损伤小、术中出血少、术野清晰、疗效确切,是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

鼻咽纤维血管瘤鼻内镜下微创手术治疗的临床探讨

目的探讨鼻咽纤维血管瘤(JNA)鼻内镜下微创手术治疗的几个临床问题.方法结合文献复习,回顾性总结和分析4例JNA鼻内镜下微创手术治疗的,陆床资料.结果患者术中失血量与传统手术相近或略为减少,无任何围手术期并发症,术后随访疗效十分满意.结论 JNA鼻内镜下微创手术治疗安全可行.经颈部小切口颈外动脉暂时性阻断术操作简单,费用低廉,JNA切除在此手术后立即进行,对减少术中失血量效果最佳.充分的手术视野和准确的JNA根蒂定位是JNA鼻内镜下微创手术治疗的关键环节.该术式的适应证尚在继续完善之中.     

内镜下鼻咽纤维血管瘤切除术的围手术期护理

目的 探讨经鼻内镜下鼻咽纤维血管瘤摘除术围手术期的护理。方法 通过对我院2009.10～2012.2期间78例鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者进行围手术期的护理,总结内镜下鼻咽纤维血管瘤围手术期护理方法。结果 本研究中78名鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者围手术期情况良好,没有严重并发症发生,术后临床症状明显缓解。结论 经鼻内镜下鼻咽纤维血管瘤摘除术围手术期的护理是保证手术成功的关键因素之一。     

鼻内镜下纱条填塞法切除鼻腔鼻窦出血坏死性息肉56例

目前,大多数鼻窦、鼻腔出血坏死性息肉以鼻内镜手术为主,但术中常易出血.本科采用鼻内镜下纱条填塞法切除鼻腔、鼻窦出血坏死性息肉,将肿物一次性完全切除,术中出血少,术后恢复快,术后无复发,窦腔上皮化好.现将一组病例资料报告如下.     

颈外动脉栓塞加鼻内镜切除鼻咽纤维血管瘤的护理

报告了7例经颈外动脉栓塞加鼻内镜切除鼻咽纤维血管瘤的护理体会,重点为观察患者的病情变化,及早发现术后鼻腔大出血,为进一步治疗提供较好的治疗时间.做好术前颈外动脉栓塞术的护理,采取有效措施预防鼻塞及鼻腔再出血,同时做好术前、术后健康教育及心理护理,让患者全面掌握该病的注意事项,以健康的心态积极配合治疗和护理.本组手术全部成功,患者鼻腔通气好,无鼻腔干燥、鼻出血及头痛流涕症状.     

鼻咽血管纤维瘤的微创手术治疗体会

目的：探讨鼻咽纤维血管瘤较好的微创手术方法。方法：4例鼻咽纤维血管瘤采用鼻内窥镜技术辅以动脉血管栓塞、控制性低血压麻醉及半导体激光等手段治疗，总结经验教训。结果：1例出血3000ml，肿瘤残留，再行硬腭进路鼻咽纤维血管瘤残根切除。其余3例治愈，术中出血100—500ml，术后无并发症，随访4—31个月无复发。结论：经界内窥镜手术是治疗鼻咽纤维血管瘤的一种较好的微创手术方法。但应注意适应证的选择、术前充分的准备和术中一定的操作技巧是手术成功的关健。     

鼻内镜下鼻咽纤维血管瘤切除术患者的护理

鼻咽纤维血管瘤好发于16～25岁男青年,是一种少见的良性肿瘤,约占全部头颈肿瘤总数的0.05%～0.5.0%.瘤中含有丰富的血管,肿瘤生长扩张能力强,易侵及颅底、眼眶等邻近部位,治疗以手术切除肿瘤为主要手段,通常可分为经鼻腔和经口腔2种径路.我科于2002-2005年收治7例鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者,采用鼻内窥镜引导下切除瘤体,现报道如下.     

鼻内镜治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤31例临床分析

目的:探讨鼻内镜下切除鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的治疗效果。方法:分析31例行鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者的临床资料。结果:31例患者均在鼻内镜下彻底切除肿瘤,无并发症发生。随访1～5年,有4例术后复发(12.9%),经再次鼻内镜手术将肿瘤组织全部切除,随访1年以上,未复发。结论:鼻内镜下手术切除鼻腔及鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤具有效果好、创伤小、面部不留瘢痕等优点。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.